One in Three European Treatment Admissions for Substance Use Are Now Cannabis-Related

Cannabis accounts for 37% of substance use treatment admissions across Europe, up from 29% in 2013, but only about 3 in 100 frequent users actually seek treatment.

Manthey, Jakob·European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2025·Strong EvidenceRetrospective Cohort
RTHC-07044Retrospective CohortStrong Evidence2025RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Retrospective Cohort
Evidence
Strong Evidence
Sample
Not reported

What This Study Found

The cannabis-attributable treatment fraction rose from 29.4% in 2013 to 37.1% in 2020 across 20 European countries. However, only about 3 in 100 frequent cannabis users sought treatment, and the treatment gap appears to be widening as use increases faster than treatment demand.

Key Numbers

CATF ranged from 3% to 65% across 30 countries. Average CATF rose from 29.4% (2013) to 37.1% (2020). TUR: approximately 3 per 100 frequent users sought treatment. Eastern European countries had the lowest CATF values.

How They Did This

Analysis of treatment data from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction across 30 countries. Two novel indicators were developed: the cannabis-attributable treatment fraction (CATF, proportion of all substance treatment entrants seeking help for cannabis) and the treated-user-ratio (TUR, treatment entrants divided by estimated frequent users).

Why This Research Matters

The widening gap between cannabis use prevalence and treatment-seeking suggests that most people who develop problems with cannabis are not receiving help. As countries liberalize cannabis laws, monitoring whether treatment access keeps pace with use is critical.

The Bigger Picture

Europe is experiencing a patchwork of cannabis policy changes, and this study provides a framework for tracking whether treatment systems are responding adequately. The finding that treatment demand growth lags behind use prevalence growth across most countries signals a systemic challenge.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Treatment data quality varies significantly across European countries. The treated-user-ratio relies on estimates of frequent use from surveys, which may undercount users. Treatment-seeking is influenced by many factors beyond need, including availability, cost, and stigma.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Why are so few frequent cannabis users seeking treatment?
  • ?Is the low treatment rate due to lack of access, stigma, or because most frequent users do not develop clinically significant problems?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Only 3 in 100 frequent users sought treatment
Evidence Grade:
Large-scale European treatment data from 30 countries with novel analytical indicators. Strong population-level evidence, though data quality varies by country.
Study Age:
Published in 2025 with data through 2020.
Original Title:
Treatment demand for cannabis use problems: analyses of routine data from 30 European countries.
Published In:
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 275(2), 355-363 (2025)
Authors:
Manthey, Jakob(8)
Database ID:
RTHC-07044

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Looks back at existing records to find patterns.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is the treatment gap widening?

Cannabis use is growing faster than treatment-seeking in most European countries. This may reflect insufficient treatment capacity, stigma, or the fact that many frequent users do not perceive their use as problematic.

Which European countries have the highest cannabis treatment demand?

The study found wide variation, with CATF ranging from 3% to 65%. Eastern European countries generally had lower rates, while some Western European nations showed cannabis dominating treatment admissions.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-07044·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-07044

APA

Manthey, Jakob. (2025). Treatment demand for cannabis use problems: analyses of routine data from 30 European countries.. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 275(2), 355-363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-024-01840-w

MLA

Manthey, Jakob. "Treatment demand for cannabis use problems: analyses of routine data from 30 European countries.." European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-024-01840-w

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Treatment demand for cannabis use problems: analyses of rout..." RTHC-07044. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/manthey-2025-treatment-demand-for-cannabis

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.