Cannabis Users Knew Less About Its Negative Effects Than Non-Users in an ER Survey

Cannabis users scored 2.51/5 on negative short-term effects knowledge versus 3.28/5 for non-users (p = 0.004), and 1.78/5 on negative long-term effects versus 2.38/5 for non-users (p = 0.002). The most common reasons for use were anxiety (40%), pain (38%), recreation (37%), sleep (28%), and depression (20%).

Prospective survey of 169 consenting ED patients at Penn State Health (May-August 2024). Participants were asked about cannabis use patterns, reasons for use, and knowledge of positive and negative effects. Thematic analysis identified knowledge themes. Users and non-users were compared on knowledge accuracy scores.

If cannabis users are less aware of potential harms than non-users, public health messaging may not be reaching its target audience. The finding that 76% of ED patients had used cannabis in their lifetime highlights how mainstream use has become, making accurate health literacy even more important.

This study adds to growing evidence that cannabis normalization may outpace health literacy. As legal access expands, the emergency department could serve as an important touchpoint for brief educational interventions about cannabis effects.

Single-center study at one Pennsylvania hospital. Convenience sample of ED patients may not represent the general population. Knowledge scores were based on researcher-defined "correct" answers, which may not capture nuance. Small sample size limits subgroup analyses.