Three distinct profiles of cannabis treatment patients predicted very different long-term outcomes

A study of 2,055 cannabis use disorder outpatients identified three adherence/abstinence profiles, with 80% of high-adherence patients remaining relapse-free at two years versus only 24% of moderate-adherence patients.

Dacosta-Sánchez, Daniel et al.·Journal of substance use and addiction treatment·2023·Strong EvidenceObservational
RTHC-04479ObservationalStrong Evidence2023RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Observational
Evidence
Strong Evidence
Sample
N=997

What This Study Found

Latent profile analysis of 2,055 CUD outpatients revealed three groups: moderate abstinence/moderate adherence (n=997), high abstinence/moderate adherence (n=613), and high abstinence/high adherence (n=445). The high abstinence/high adherence group had 80% relapse-free rates at two years, compared to 24.3% in the moderate/moderate group. Education level, employment status, and substance use patterns at treatment entry differed significantly across profiles.

Key Numbers

2,055 outpatients; 3 profiles identified; 80% relapse-free at 2 years in high adherence group; 24.3% relapse-free in moderate group; education chi2(8)=121.70, p<.001

How They Did This

Retrospective observational study of 2,055 CUD outpatients beginning treatment at multiple sites. Latent profile analysis was conducted on appointment attendance ratio and percentage of negative cannabis tests. Two-year follow-up monitored relapse outcomes.

Why This Research Matters

Identifying which patients will struggle early in treatment could allow clinicians to intervene before dropout occurs, rather than waiting for treatment failure.

The Bigger Picture

Treatment for cannabis use disorder is not one-size-fits-all. Early indicators like education level and consumption patterns at intake could help clinicians identify patients who need more intensive support from the start.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Retrospective design. Profile membership was determined post-hoc, limiting prospective prediction. Treatment approaches across sites may have varied. Self-selection into treatment limits generalizability to untreated populations.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Could early identification of profile membership guide treatment intensity adjustments?
  • ?Would more intensive early intervention shift moderate-adherence patients into better trajectories?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
80% relapse-free at 2 years for high-adherence patients vs. 24.3% for moderate
Evidence Grade:
Large multisite sample with two-year follow-up and robust latent profile methodology, though retrospective design limits causal conclusions.
Study Age:
Published 2023
Original Title:
Monitoring adherence and abstinence of cannabis use disorder patients: Profile identification and relationship with long-term treatment outcomes.
Published In:
Journal of substance use and addiction treatment, 148, 209019 (2023)
Database ID:
RTHC-04479

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-Control
Cross-Sectional / ObservationalSnapshot without intervening
This study
Case Report / Animal Study

Watches what happens naturally without intervening.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Can treatment adherence patterns predict cannabis recovery success?

Yes. This study found three distinct profiles among 2,055 patients, with the most adherent group showing 80% relapse-free rates at two years, compared to just 24% in the least adherent group.

What predicts which treatment profile a patient falls into?

Education level, employment status, and substance use patterns at the start of treatment differed significantly across profiles, suggesting these early indicators could help identify patients needing more support.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-04479·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-04479

APA

Dacosta-Sánchez, Daniel; Fernández-Calderón, Fermín; Blanc-Molina, Andrea; Díaz-Batanero, Carmen; Lozano, Oscar M. (2023). Monitoring adherence and abstinence of cannabis use disorder patients: Profile identification and relationship with long-term treatment outcomes.. Journal of substance use and addiction treatment, 148, 209019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.josat.2023.209019

MLA

Dacosta-Sánchez, Daniel, et al. "Monitoring adherence and abstinence of cannabis use disorder patients: Profile identification and relationship with long-term treatment outcomes.." Journal of substance use and addiction treatment, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.josat.2023.209019

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Monitoring adherence and abstinence of cannabis use disorder..." RTHC-04479. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/dacosta-sanchez-2023-monitoring-adherence-and-abstinence

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.