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Study breakdown

Hidden Cannabis Use Caused Repeated Diabetic Emergencies in Type 1 Diabetes Patient

Case ReportPreliminary evidence
The takeaway

A patient with type 1 diabetes was treated for diabetic ketoacidosis six times in one year before clinicians discovered that cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome from undisclosed cannabis use was triggering the repeated episodes.

Clinicians managing diabetic emergencies and cannabis users with diabetes

6 DKA episodes in 1 year

What the researchers found

The patient experienced 6 DKA episodes in one year with persistent GI symptoms even after DKA resolved. Unusual lab findings (unexpectedly high pH and bicarbonate levels) eventually prompted screening for illicit drug use, revealing cannabis use and leading to a diagnosis of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). The vomiting from CHS caused dehydration and poor insulin absorption, triggering repeated ketoacidosis.

Why it matters

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome can masquerade as a diabetic emergency, leading to repeated hospitalizations and delayed diagnosis. In patients with type 1 diabetes, the vomiting from CHS creates a dangerous cycle of dehydration and ketoacidosis.

The numbers in context

6 DKA episodes in 1 year; persistent GI symptoms after DKA resolution; unusually high pH and bicarbonate for ketoacidosis; diagnosis of CHS upon drug screening

How the study worked

Single case report documenting a type 1 diabetes patient with 6 DKA episodes over one year. Chart review of laboratory findings, clinical course, and eventual diagnosis.

What this study cannot tell us

Single case report cannot establish frequency of CHS-triggered DKA. Patient may have had other contributing factors. The diagnosis of CHS itself relies on clinical criteria after excluding other causes. No follow-up data on outcomes after cannabis cessation.

How to read the evidence

Single case report highlighting a diagnostic pitfall, but cannot quantify how common this presentation is

When this study was published

2023 study

The bigger picture

As cannabis use increases, clinicians need to consider CHS in diabetic patients with recurrent DKA, especially when presentations are atypical. Routine screening for cannabis use in patients with unexplained recurrent DKA could prevent repeated hospitalizations.

Questions still open

  • How common is CHS among people with type 1 diabetes? Would routine cannabis screening in recurrent DKA reduce hospitalizations? Does cannabis use affect insulin sensitivity independently of CHS?

Common questions

Can cannabis use cause diabetic emergencies?
In this case, cannabis caused severe repeated vomiting (cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome), which led to dehydration and poor insulin absorption, triggering diabetic ketoacidosis six times in one year.
What is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?
CHS is a condition in which chronic cannabis use causes cyclical episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. It typically resolves with cannabis cessation. In diabetic patients, the vomiting can trigger dangerous metabolic emergencies.

Read the original research

Unexpected cause of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes: a case report.

BMC endocrine disorders, 23(1), 137

Citation

Alduraibi, Rabia Khalid; Altowayan, Yosef Fahad; AlMharwal, Bader Tha'ar. (2023). Unexpected cause of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes: a case report.. BMC endocrine disorders, 23(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01394-3

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