Cannabis use in type 1 diabetes can mimic diabetic ketoacidosis but shows distinctly different lab values

Among 68 type 1 diabetes patients presenting with DKA-related codes, cannabis users had significantly higher pH (7.42 vs. 7.09) and bicarbonate (19.2 vs. 9.1), suggesting a distinct hyperglycemic ketosis from CHS rather than true DKA.

Akturk, Halis Kaan et al.·Diabetes care·2022·Moderate EvidenceRetrospective Cohort
RTHC-03659Retrospective CohortModerate Evidence2022RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Retrospective Cohort
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
N=68

What This Study Found

Cannabis users had dramatically different lab profiles than non-users: pH 7.42 vs. 7.09 and bicarbonate 19.2 vs. 9.1 mmol/L (both p<0.0001). The ROC curve for cannabis predicting hyperglycemic ketosis from CHS had an area of 0.9892, indicating near-perfect discrimination.

Key Numbers

Patients: 68. DKA events: 172. Cannabis users pH: 7.42 vs. 7.09 non-users. Bicarbonate: 19.2 vs. 9.1 mmol/L. ROC AUC: 0.9892. HK-CHS threshold: pH >=7.4, bicarbonate >=15.

How They Did This

Retrospective analysis of 68 adults with type 1 diabetes presenting with DKA-related ICD-10 codes (172 events). Cannabis use defined by positive urine test. Used linear mixed models and ROC analysis to distinguish hyperglycemic ketosis from CHS (pH >=7.4, bicarbonate >=15) from true DKA.

Why This Research Matters

Misdiagnosing CHS-related vomiting as DKA in type 1 diabetes leads to unnecessary aggressive treatment. This study provides clear lab criteria to differentiate the two conditions.

The Bigger Picture

As cannabis use increases among young adults with type 1 diabetes, clinicians need clear diagnostic tools to distinguish CHS-related ketosis from true metabolic decompensation.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Small sample. Retrospective design. Cannabis use based on urine testing (indicates recent use, not necessarily current intoxication). Single-center study.

Questions This Raises

  • ?How often is CHS misdiagnosed as DKA in type 1 diabetes?
  • ?Could a pH threshold of 7.4 be incorporated into DKA protocols for cannabis screening?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
ROC AUC of 0.99 for cannabis use predicting CHS-related ketosis vs. true DKA
Evidence Grade:
Small but well-analyzed cohort with near-perfect diagnostic discrimination.
Study Age:
Published in 2022.
Original Title:
Differentiating Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Ketosis Due to Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.
Published In:
Diabetes care, 45(2), 481-483 (2022)
Database ID:
RTHC-03659

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Looks back at existing records to find patterns.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Can cannabis use mimic diabetic ketoacidosis?

Yes. Cannabis users with type 1 diabetes can present with elevated blood sugar and ketones due to CHS vomiting, but their pH and bicarbonate levels are much closer to normal than in true DKA.

How can doctors tell the difference?

A pH of 7.4 or above with bicarbonate of 15 or higher in a cannabis-positive patient strongly suggests CHS-related ketosis rather than true DKA, with near-perfect diagnostic accuracy.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-03659·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-03659

APA

Akturk, Halis Kaan; Snell-Bergeon, Janet; Kinney, Gregory L; Champakanath, Anagha; Monte, Andrew; Shah, Viral N. (2022). Differentiating Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Ketosis Due to Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.. Diabetes care, 45(2), 481-483. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1730

MLA

Akturk, Halis Kaan, et al. "Differentiating Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Ketosis Due to Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.." Diabetes care, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1730

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Differentiating Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Keto..." RTHC-03659. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/akturk-2022-differentiating-diabetic-ketoacidosis-and

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.