Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Is Becoming More Common in Emergency Departments

CHS is characterized by cyclical nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in chronic cannabis users, paradoxically caused by a drug known for anti-nausea effects. It is frequently misdiagnosed as cyclic vomiting syndrome. Hot showers/baths provide temporary relief. There has been a steady increase in CHS diagnoses in emergency departments. The pathogenesis is not fully understood but several mechanisms have been proposed.

Narrative review summarizing the symptoms, pathogenesis, treatments, and differential diagnoses of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, with attention to its increasing prevalence in emergency settings.

As cannabis use increases globally, CHS is becoming a more common reason for emergency department visits. Many patients cycle through multiple ER visits and diagnostic workups before receiving the correct diagnosis, leading to unnecessary costs and continued suffering.

CHS represents one of the clearest examples of how chronic cannabis use can produce paradoxical health effects. The condition challenges the popular perception of cannabis as universally anti-emetic and highlights the importance of clinician awareness as cannabis use becomes more prevalent.

Narrative review without systematic search methodology. The pathogenesis of CHS remains incompletely understood. Prevalence data are limited and likely underestimate the true burden of disease.