Reports of adverse events from recreational cannabis tripled in France between 2012 and 2017

Adverse event reports from recreational cannabis tripled in France over six years, with psychiatric effects (51.2%) most common and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome emerging as a new concern.

Bouquet, Emilie et al.·British journal of clinical pharmacology·2021·Moderate EvidenceRetrospective Cohort
RTHC-03020Retrospective CohortModerate Evidence2021RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Retrospective Cohort
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
N=2,217

What This Study Found

Cannabis adverse event reports tripled from 179 (2012) to 562 (2017), totaling 2,217 cases. Psychiatric effects were most common (51.2%), followed by neurological (15.6%), cardiac (7.8%), and gastrointestinal (7.7%). Dependence ranged from 10-20% of reports. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (87 cases) emerged from 2015. Seven deaths were reported.

Key Numbers

2,217 total cases; 76.4% male; 18-34 age group most common; 71.6% inhaled; 64.2% chronic use; dependence 10-20%; 87 hyperemesis cases; 34 unexpected AEs; 7 deaths

How They Did This

Analysis of adverse events from recreational cannabis use reported to the French Addictovigilance Network from 2012 to 2017, excluding CBD and synthetic cannabinoids.

Why This Research Matters

This surveillance data provides one of the more comprehensive pictures of cannabis adverse events from a national reporting system, documenting the full spectrum of harms including the emergence of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.

The Bigger Picture

The tripling of adverse event reports likely reflects both increasing cannabis use and better reporting. The emergence of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome as a recognized condition illustrates how surveillance systems can identify new health concerns.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Voluntary reporting systems underestimate true adverse event rates. Increase in reports may partly reflect improved awareness and reporting rather than increased harm. Cannot determine causation from surveillance data alone.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Is the increase in reports proportional to increased cannabis use or are adverse events becoming more common per user?
  • ?How does the French adverse event profile compare to countries with legal cannabis?
  • ?What is the true incidence of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Adverse event reports tripled from 179 to 562 per year
Evidence Grade:
National surveillance data from a formal pharmacovigilance network over six years
Study Age:
Published in 2021 using 2012-2017 French surveillance data. Cannabis remains illegal for recreational use in France.
Original Title:
Adverse events of recreational cannabis use reported to the French addictovigilance network (2012-2017).
Published In:
British journal of clinical pharmacology, 87(10), 3925-3937 (2021)
Database ID:
RTHC-03020

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Looks back at existing records to find patterns.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common adverse effects of cannabis?

In this French surveillance study, psychiatric effects were most common (51.2%), followed by neurological problems (15.6%), cardiac issues (7.8%), and gastrointestinal effects (7.7%). Dependence was reported in 10-20% of cases.

What is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

A condition involving severe cyclic vomiting associated with chronic cannabis use. It emerged in the French reporting system from 2015, with 87 cases documented through 2017.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-03020·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-03020

APA

Bouquet, Emilie; Pain, Stéphanie; Eiden, Céline; Jouanjus, Emilie; Richard, Nathalie; Fauconneau, Bernard; Pérault-Pochat, Marie-Christine. (2021). Adverse events of recreational cannabis use reported to the French addictovigilance network (2012-2017).. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 87(10), 3925-3937. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14812

MLA

Bouquet, Emilie, et al. "Adverse events of recreational cannabis use reported to the French addictovigilance network (2012-2017).." British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14812

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Adverse events of recreational cannabis use reported to the ..." RTHC-03020. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/bouquet-2021-adverse-events-of-recreational

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.