Bisexual women had the highest rates of polysubstance use combinations involving cannabis and binge drinking

Using national survey data, bisexual women were disproportionately represented in nearly every polysubstance combination involving binge alcohol drinking, cannabis, or both.

Mestre, Luis M et al.·PloS one·2026·Moderate EvidenceCross-Sectional
RTHC-08487Cross SectionalModerate Evidence2026RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Cross-Sectional
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
N=66,634

What This Study Found

The most commonly used substances in polysubstance combinations were binge alcohol drinking, cannabis, cigarettes, and nicotine vaping. Bisexual women used most of the assessed polysubstance combinations at higher rates than other groups. Sex differences in polysubstance patterns varied among heterosexual and bisexual adults but not among gay/lesbian adults.

Key Numbers

66,634 adults surveyed; 8.59% identified as LGB. Cannabis and binge alcohol drinking were the most common substances in polysubstance combinations. Bisexual women had elevated rates across most multi-substance patterns involving 3 or 4 substances.

How They Did This

Analysis of the 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), including 66,634 adults (8.59% LGB). Survey-weighted multinomial logistic regression assessed polysubstance combinations by sexual identity and sex.

Why This Research Matters

Bisexual individuals, especially women, face elevated substance use risks that are often invisible in data that groups all LGB people together. This study provides the granularity needed to design targeted prevention efforts.

The Bigger Picture

Public health campaigns often treat substance use risks as uniform across populations. This research underscores that sexual identity and sex intersect to create distinct risk profiles, and interventions should reflect that specificity.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Cross-sectional design. Self-reported data. Past-30-day use window may miss episodic patterns. NSDUH does not capture frequency or quantity within substance categories.

Questions This Raises

  • ?What drives the elevated polysubstance use among bisexual women specifically?
  • ?Would interventions tailored to this population reduce these disparities?
  • ?How do these patterns change with age?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Bisexual women used most polysubstance combinations involving cannabis at higher rates than all other groups
Evidence Grade:
Large nationally representative sample with robust survey-weighted analyses, though cross-sectional design limits causal interpretation.
Study Age:
2026 publication using 2021-2022 NSDUH data
Original Title:
Disproportionate use of polysubstance combinations varies by sexual identity among US adults.
Published In:
PloS one, 21(2), e0340454 (2026)
Database ID:
RTHC-08487

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-Control
Cross-Sectional / ObservationalSnapshot without intervening
This study
Case Report / Animal Study

A snapshot of a population at one point in time.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

What counts as polysubstance use?

Using two or more substances in the same time period, such as cannabis plus binge drinking, or cannabis plus cigarettes plus nicotine vaping.

Why are bisexual women at higher risk?

The study documented the pattern but did not test mechanisms. Minority stress, dual stigma, and social factors have been proposed in other research.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-08487·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-08487

APA

Mestre, Luis M; White, Marney A; Lee, Juhan; Parker, Maria A; Bold, Krysten W. (2026). Disproportionate use of polysubstance combinations varies by sexual identity among US adults.. PloS one, 21(2), e0340454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0340454

MLA

Mestre, Luis M, et al. "Disproportionate use of polysubstance combinations varies by sexual identity among US adults.." PloS one, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0340454

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Disproportionate use of polysubstance combinations varies by..." RTHC-08487. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/mestre-2026-disproportionate-use-of-polysubstance

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.