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Study breakdown

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome in Teenagers Is Underrecognized and Growing

Narrative ReviewModerate evidence
The takeaway

A review finds that cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is increasingly diagnosed in adolescents, with diagnostic challenges leading to delays and unnecessary medical investigations in pediatric patients.

Pediatricians, pediatric emergency physicians, parents of teenage cannabis users

CHS in adolescents is growing but remains underrecognized in pediatric practice

What the researchers found

CHS is increasingly being diagnosed in adolescents despite limited data in the pediatric population. The review highlights diagnostic challenges specific to younger patients, the limited efficacy of standard anti-emetic therapies (which often fail in CHS), and the central role of cannabis cessation as the only definitive treatment. Awareness among pediatricians and emergency physicians remains low.

Why it matters

With high rates of cannabis use among teenagers and increasing potency of cannabis products, CHS in adolescents is likely to become more common. The review highlights that pediatric cases often go through extensive and unnecessary diagnostic workups before CHS is recognized, adding cost and delay.

The numbers in context

CHS first described in 2004. Increasing incidence parallels cannabis legalization. High rate of cannabis use among youth. Standard anti-emetics often ineffective. Cannabis cessation is the definitive treatment.

How the study worked

Narrative review synthesizing epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of CHS specifically in the pediatric population.

What this study cannot tell us

Narrative review with no new data. Pediatric-specific data on CHS remain scarce. The pathophysiology is still not fully understood. Cannot estimate true prevalence in the adolescent population.

How to read the evidence

Moderate evidence for CHS as a clinical entity, though pediatric-specific data remain limited.

When this study was published

2025 narrative review focused on CHS in the pediatric population.

The bigger picture

CHS in adolescents represents a growing intersection between youth cannabis use trends and pediatric emergency medicine. As cannabis products become more potent and accessible, pediatricians and ER doctors need to include CHS in their differential diagnosis for adolescents presenting with cyclic vomiting, especially those who report cannabis use.

Questions still open

  • What is the actual incidence of CHS in adolescents? Does higher-potency cannabis increase CHS risk in younger users? Are adolescents able to achieve sustained cannabis cessation needed for symptom resolution?

Common questions

Can teenagers get cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?
Yes, and it appears to be increasingly common. Adolescents who use cannabis regularly can develop CHS, but the diagnosis is often delayed because pediatricians may not consider it, leading to unnecessary tests and treatments.
How is CHS treated in teenagers?
The only definitive treatment is stopping cannabis use. Standard anti-nausea medications are often ineffective for CHS. Hot showers or baths provide temporary relief. For adolescents, achieving sustained cessation may require additional support and counseling.

Read the original research

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome in Adolescents: A Narrative Review.

Pediatric reports, 17(4)

Citation

Pietrantoni, Camilla; Margiotta, Gaia; Marano, Giuseppe; Mazza, Marianna; Proli, Francesco; Stella, Giuseppe; Cherubino, Alessia; Viozzi, Francesca; Guida, Fabiana Rita; Rendeli, Claudia; Pola, Roberto; Gaetani, Eleonora; Giorgio, Valentina. (2025). Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome in Adolescents: A Narrative Review.. Pediatric reports, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17040075

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