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Study breakdown

Cannabis-related ER visits in kids and teens are rising, from accidental toddler ingestions to chronic hyperemesis

ReviewModerate evidence
The takeaway

A review found growing pediatric ER visits for cannabis spanning accidental ingestions in young children (causing hyperkinesis or coma), acute intoxication and injuries in teens, and chronic conditions like hyperemesis and psychosis.

Pediatric emergency physicians, toxicologists, and pediatricians.

Rising pediatric ER visits

What the researchers found

Cannabis-related pediatric ED visits are rising with changing legislation. Presentations range from GI, psychiatric, and cardiorespiratory effects to trauma from impaired psychomotor function. Young children may present with hyperkinesis or coma from accidental ingestion. Chronic complications include cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, depression, psychosis, and cognitive impairment.

Why it matters

As cannabis becomes more available, emergency clinicians need to recognize the full spectrum of cannabis presentations in children and adolescents, from acute ingestion to chronic use complications.

The numbers in context

ED presentations span gastrointestinal, psychiatric, cardiorespiratory, and trauma categories. Young children: hyperkinesis and coma. Teens: acute intoxication, hyperemesis, depression, injuries. Cannabis-related pediatric ED visits increasing.

How the study worked

Review of current literature on the spectrum of cannabis-related emergency department presentations in pediatric populations.

What this study cannot tell us

Review without meta-analytic pooling. Exact incidence rates are difficult to determine. Clinical presentation overlap with other conditions may lead to under-recognition.

How to read the evidence

Rated moderate because the review synthesizes growing literature on a clinically important trend.

When this study was published

Published in 2019.

The bigger picture

The pediatric cannabis presentation spectrum is wider than many clinicians realize, ranging from toddler ingestions mimicking other toxic exposures to chronic conditions in teens that may not be immediately attributed to cannabis use.

Questions still open

  • What screening protocols would improve cannabis detection in pediatric ED? How should cardiorespiratory presentations be managed? Will continued legalization further increase pediatric presentations?

Common questions

What happens when young children accidentally eat cannabis?
Presentations range from hyperkinesis (excessive movement) to coma. Cardiorespiratory effects are also possible. These differ from typical adult cannabis intoxication.
What chronic cannabis problems bring teens to the ER?
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (severe vomiting), depression, psychosis, cognitive impairment, and injuries from impaired psychomotor function.

Read the original research

Cannabis-related emergencies in children and teens.

Current opinion in pediatrics, 31(3), 291-296

Citation

Chen, Yih-Chieh; Klig, Jean E. (2019). Cannabis-related emergencies in children and teens.. Current opinion in pediatrics, 31(3), 291-296. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000752

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