Systematic review finds cannabis may negatively affect male fertility

A systematic review found the strongest evidence that cannabis reduces sperm count and concentration, induces abnormal sperm morphology, reduces motility, and inhibits fertilizing capacity, though testosterone effects remain unclear.

Payne, Kelly S et al.·The Journal of urology·2019·Moderate EvidenceSystematic Review
RTHC-02220Systematic ReviewModerate Evidence2019RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Systematic Review
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
Not reported

What This Study Found

Cannabis was associated with reduced sperm count and concentration, abnormal morphology, reduced motility and viability, and inhibited capacitation and fertilizing capacity. Animal models showed testicular atrophy and reduced libido, but these have not been replicated in humans. Effects on testosterone were inconclusive.

Key Numbers

Cannabis associated with reduced sperm count and concentration, abnormal morphology, reduced motility and viability. Luteinizing hormone levels were lowered. Follicle-stimulating hormone unchanged. Testosterone effects inconclusive.

How They Did This

Systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE literature examining cannabis effects on male fertility, covering human and animal studies.

Why This Research Matters

Cannabis use is prominent among males of reproductive age, and many users may be unaware of potential fertility effects. This consolidation of evidence provides a clearer picture of what is and is not established.

The Bigger Picture

Male fertility has been declining globally for decades. If cannabis contributes to this trend, it is a modifiable risk factor that men trying to conceive could address.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Many findings are from animal studies that have not been replicated in humans. Human studies varied in design and cannabis exposure measures. The review did not conduct a meta-analysis.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Are the sperm effects reversible with cessation?
  • ?Does CBD-only use affect fertility differently than THC?
  • ?What level of cannabis use begins to impact sperm parameters?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Cannabis linked to reduced sperm count, motility, and fertilizing capacity
Evidence Grade:
Moderate: systematic review of multiple study types, but many key findings from animal models only.
Study Age:
Published in 2019.
Original Title:
Cannabis and Male Fertility: A Systematic Review.
Published In:
The Journal of urology, 202(4), 674-681 (2019)
Database ID:
RTHC-02220

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic ReviewCombines many studies into one answer
This study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-Control
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Analyzes all available research on a topic using a structured method.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Does cannabis definitely cause infertility?

The evidence suggests cannabis can negatively affect several sperm parameters, but it does not necessarily cause infertility outright. The effects may depend on frequency and amount of use.

Are the effects reversible?

The review did not conclusively answer this, but some individual studies suggest sperm parameters may improve after cannabis cessation. More research is needed.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-02220·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-02220

APA

Payne, Kelly S; Mazur, Daniel J; Hotaling, James M; Pastuszak, Alexander W. (2019). Cannabis and Male Fertility: A Systematic Review.. The Journal of urology, 202(4), 674-681. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000000248

MLA

Payne, Kelly S, et al. "Cannabis and Male Fertility: A Systematic Review.." The Journal of urology, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000000248

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Cannabis and Male Fertility: A Systematic Review." RTHC-02220. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/payne-2019-cannabis-and-male-fertility

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.