Synthetic cannabinoids contaminated with rat poison caused 174 cases and 5 deaths in Illinois

A 2018 outbreak in Illinois linked synthetic cannabinoids contaminated with the rodenticide brodifacoum to 174 cases of severe bleeding disorder and 5 deaths.

Navon, Livia et al.·Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP·2020·Strong EvidenceObservational
RTHC-02747ObservationalStrong Evidence2020RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Observational
Evidence
Strong Evidence
Sample
Not reported

What This Study Found

From March to July 2018, 174 confirmed and probable cases of severe coagulopathy (bleeding disorder) were identified among synthetic cannabinoid users in Illinois, including 5 deaths. Toxicology confirmed exposure to brodifacoum, a long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide. The outbreak required unprecedented coordination between public health and law enforcement.

Key Numbers

174 confirmed/probable cases; 5 deaths; March-July 2018; brodifacoum (long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide) identified as contaminant.

How They Did This

Public health outbreak investigation and response documenting 174 confirmed and probable cases of brodifacoum-contaminated synthetic cannabinoid exposure in Illinois, March-July 2018.

Why This Research Matters

This was one of the largest poisoning outbreaks from contaminated illicit substances in US history. It illustrates the extreme and unpredictable dangers of unregulated synthetic cannabinoids, which can contain any number of toxic adulterants.

The Bigger Picture

Synthetic cannabinoids are already more dangerous than cannabis due to their high potency, but contamination with industrial poisons adds an entirely different category of risk. This outbreak highlights why harm reduction experts advocate for regulated, tested cannabis products.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Outbreak investigation, not a designed study; actual number of exposed individuals likely higher than 174 documented cases; specific supply chain not fully mapped; retrospective identification of cases.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Was the contamination intentional or accidental?
  • ?How can public health systems better prepare for outbreaks involving illicit substances?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
174 cases, 5 deaths from rat poison-contaminated synthetic cannabinoids
Evidence Grade:
Strong: well-documented public health outbreak with toxicological confirmation and comprehensive case identification.
Study Age:
Published 2020.
Original Title:
The Public Health Response to a Large Poisoning Outbreak Involving an Illicit Substance: Synthetic Cannabinoids Contaminated With a Long-Acting Anticoagulant Rodenticide, Illinois, March-July, 2018.
Published In:
Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP, 26(6), E1-E7 (2020)
Database ID:
RTHC-02747

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-Control
Cross-Sectional / ObservationalSnapshot without intervening
This study
Case Report / Animal Study

Watches what happens naturally without intervening.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

How were synthetic cannabinoids contaminated with rat poison?

The exact mechanism was not determined, but toxicology confirmed brodifacoum (a long-acting rodenticide) in patients who used synthetic cannabinoids. Whether contamination was intentional or accidental remains unclear.

Can you get rat poison from K2/Spice?

This 2018 Illinois outbreak proved it is possible. 174 people developed severe bleeding disorders and 5 died from synthetic cannabinoids contaminated with brodifacoum.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-02747·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-02747

APA

Navon, Livia; Moritz, Erin; Austin, Connie; Wahl, Michael; Aks, Steven; Layden, Jennifer. (2020). The Public Health Response to a Large Poisoning Outbreak Involving an Illicit Substance: Synthetic Cannabinoids Contaminated With a Long-Acting Anticoagulant Rodenticide, Illinois, March-July, 2018.. Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP, 26(6), E1-E7. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001002

MLA

Navon, Livia, et al. "The Public Health Response to a Large Poisoning Outbreak Involving an Illicit Substance: Synthetic Cannabinoids Contaminated With a Long-Acting Anticoagulant Rodenticide, Illinois, March-July, 2018.." Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001002

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "The Public Health Response to a Large Poisoning Outbreak Inv..." RTHC-02747. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/navon-2020-the-public-health-response

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.