Cannabis-Related Hospitalizations Rose in Arizona Between 2016 and 2021

Arizona saw a significant increase in cannabis-related hospital visits from 2016 to 2021, spanning the period before and after recreational legalization.

Meier, Madeline H et al.·Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs·2025·Moderate EvidenceRetrospective Cohort
RTHC-07110Retrospective CohortModerate Evidence2025RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Retrospective Cohort
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
Not reported

What This Study Found

Cannabis-related hospitalizations in Arizona increased notably over a six-year period that included the transition from medical-only to recreational cannabis legalization.

Key Numbers

Analysis covered Arizona hospital data from 2016 to 2021; specific rates and trends in full text.

How They Did This

Retrospective analysis of hospital discharge data in Arizona from 2016 to 2021, tracking cannabis-related diagnoses over time.

Why This Research Matters

Tracking hospitalization trends helps quantify the health system impact of cannabis legalization and informs resource planning for emergency departments and public health agencies.

The Bigger Picture

Multiple states have reported increases in cannabis-related emergency visits following legalization. Whether this reflects more use, higher-potency products, better diagnostic coding, or reduced stigma around reporting remains debated.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Hospital coding changes over time may inflate apparent trends. Cannot distinguish between increased use, increased potency, and changes in reporting. Ecological design limits individual-level inference.

Questions This Raises

  • ?How much of the increase reflects actual health harms versus changes in coding and reporting?
  • ?Which specific cannabis products or use patterns drive hospitalizations?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Cannabis-related hospitalizations increased in Arizona from 2016 to 2021
Evidence Grade:
Large administrative dataset provides trend data but cannot control for coding changes or establish causation with legalization.
Study Age:
2025 study analyzing 2016-2021 hospital data in Arizona.
Original Title:
Trends in Cannabis-Related Hospitalizations in Arizona From 2016 to 2021 and Associations With Mental Health-Related Hospitalizations.
Published In:
Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 86(3), 436-445 (2025)
Database ID:
RTHC-07110

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Looks back at existing records to find patterns.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Did cannabis hospitalizations go up after legalization in Arizona?

Yes, the study found a rising trend in cannabis-related hospital visits from 2016 to 2021, though separating the effect of legalization from other factors like coding changes is difficult.

What causes cannabis-related hospitalizations?

Common reasons include cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, psychiatric episodes, accidental pediatric ingestion, and cardiovascular events, though this study tracked overall trends rather than specific causes.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-07110·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-07110

APA

Meier, Madeline H; Hummel, Haley M; Miller, Matt L. (2025). Trends in Cannabis-Related Hospitalizations in Arizona From 2016 to 2021 and Associations With Mental Health-Related Hospitalizations.. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 86(3), 436-445. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.23-00379

MLA

Meier, Madeline H, et al. "Trends in Cannabis-Related Hospitalizations in Arizona From 2016 to 2021 and Associations With Mental Health-Related Hospitalizations.." Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.23-00379

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Trends in Cannabis-Related Hospitalizations in Arizona From ..." RTHC-07110. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/meier-2025-trends-in-cannabisrelated-hospitalizations

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.