Cannabis Hyperemesis ER Visits Rose 13-Fold in Ontario, Driven by Commercialization

Emergency department visits for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome increased 13-fold over 7.5 years in Ontario, with cannabis commercialization (not legalization itself) associated with the sharpest increase.

Myran, Daniel Thomas et al.·JAMA network open·2022·Strong EvidenceRetrospective Cohort
RTHC-04091Retrospective CohortStrong Evidence2022RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Retrospective Cohort
Evidence
Strong Evidence
Sample
N=8,140

What This Study Found

CHS ED visits increased from 0.26 to 3.43 per 100,000 population over 7.5 years (13-fold). Legalization alone was not associated with an immediate change, but commercialization (expanded retail and product variety) was associated with a 49% immediate increase (IRR=1.49). Women showed larger increases than men during commercialization (IRR 1.49 vs 1.08).

Key Numbers

12,866 ED visits from 8,140 individuals; 13-fold increase; mean age 27.4; 51.5% female; 8.8% hospitalized; commercialization IRR 1.49; 16.6% had prior mental health visits

How They Did This

Interrupted time-series analysis of linked health administrative databases covering all Ontario residents 15+ from January 2014 to June 2021, examining CHS ED visits across three periods: pre-legalization, legalization, and commercialization.

Why This Research Matters

This is the first study to distinguish the effects of legalization from commercialization on CHS. The finding that retail expansion and product variety drove the increase has direct regulatory implications.

The Bigger Picture

The distinction between legalization and commercialization is critical for policy. Simply making cannabis legal did not spike CHS rates, but making it commercially accessible with diverse products did.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Commercialization period coincided with COVID-19, which may have independently affected cannabis use and ED visits. ICD coding for CHS may have improved over the study period.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Would regulating product potency or limiting retail density reduce CHS rates?
  • ?Is the gender shift (more women during commercialization) related to product type preferences?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
13-fold increase; commercialization drove the jump
Evidence Grade:
Large population-based interrupted time-series using linked administrative data covering all Ontario residents.
Study Age:
Published in 2022
Original Title:
Changes in Emergency Department Visits for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome Following Recreational Cannabis Legalization and Subsequent Commercialization in Ontario, Canada.
Published In:
JAMA network open, 5(9), e2231937 (2022)
Database ID:
RTHC-04091

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Looks back at existing records to find patterns.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Did cannabis legalization increase emergency visits for hyperemesis?

Legalization alone was not associated with an immediate increase. However, commercialization (expanded retail stores and product variety) was associated with a 49% jump in CHS ED visits.

How common is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

In Ontario, CHS ED visits increased 13-fold from 0.26 to 3.43 per 100,000 population. The condition resulted in 12,866 ED visits from 8,140 individuals over 7.5 years, with 8.8% requiring hospitalization.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-04091·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-04091

APA

Myran, Daniel Thomas; Roberts, Rhiannon; Pugliese, Michael; Taljaard, Monica; Tanuseputro, Peter; Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo. (2022). Changes in Emergency Department Visits for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome Following Recreational Cannabis Legalization and Subsequent Commercialization in Ontario, Canada.. JAMA network open, 5(9), e2231937. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31937

MLA

Myran, Daniel Thomas, et al. "Changes in Emergency Department Visits for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome Following Recreational Cannabis Legalization and Subsequent Commercialization in Ontario, Canada.." JAMA network open, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31937

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Changes in Emergency Department Visits for Cannabis Hypereme..." RTHC-04091. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/myran-2022-changes-in-emergency-department

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.