Brand imagery on cannabis packaging increased appeal among young people

An experimental survey of 870 young Canadians found that branded cannabis packaging was rated more appealing than plain packaging, while health warnings reduced appeal.

Leos-Toro, Cesar et al.·Drug and alcohol review·2021·Moderate EvidenceCross-Sectional
RTHC-03287Cross SectionalModerate Evidence2021RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Cross-Sectional
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
N=870

What This Study Found

Presence of brand imagery on cannabis packaging significantly increased appeal ratings among 16-30 year olds, while health warning labels significantly decreased appeal. Celebrity sponsors, music references, and party references all increased perceptions that the product targeted younger consumers.

Key Numbers

870 participants aged 16-30; brand presence increased appeal (P = 0.027); health warnings decreased appeal (P = 0.010); celebrity/music/party references all P < 0.001 for targeting younger consumers

How They Did This

Researchers conducted an online experimental survey of 870 Canadian cannabis users and non-users aged 16-30, with eight between-group experiments comparing different packaging designs, brand imagery, and health warning labels.

Why This Research Matters

As cannabis legalization expands, packaging regulations matter. This study provides evidence that marketing restrictions and plain packaging requirements could reduce the appeal of cannabis products to young people, similar to what has been observed with tobacco.

The Bigger Picture

These findings parallel decades of tobacco marketing research and suggest that cannabis packaging regulations could meaningfully influence how young people perceive these products.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Online experimental design may not fully capture real-world purchasing decisions. Data collected in 2017, before Canadian legalization. Self-reported perceptions may differ from actual behavior.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Have post-legalization plain packaging requirements in Canada actually reduced youth appeal?
  • ?Do these effects persist over time as consumers become accustomed to plain packaging?
  • ?How do online and social media marketing circumvent packaging restrictions?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Brand imagery significantly increased appeal (P = 0.027) among 16-30 year olds
Evidence Grade:
Well-designed experimental survey with a solid sample size, though online setting and pre-legalization timing introduce some limitations.
Study Age:
Published in 2021 using data from October 2017.
Original Title:
The efficacy of health warnings and package branding on perceptions of cannabis products among youth and young adults.
Published In:
Drug and alcohol review, 40(4), 637-646 (2021)
Database ID:
RTHC-03287

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-Control
Cross-Sectional / ObservationalSnapshot without intervening
This study
Case Report / Animal Study

A snapshot of a population at one point in time.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Did health warnings actually work?

Yes. When health warning labels were present on cannabis packaging, respondents rated the products as significantly less appealing.

Did it matter if someone already used cannabis?

Yes. People who had used cannabis were more likely to find branding elements appealing than non-users.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-03287·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-03287

APA

Leos-Toro, Cesar; Fong, Geoffrey T; Hammond, David. (2021). The efficacy of health warnings and package branding on perceptions of cannabis products among youth and young adults.. Drug and alcohol review, 40(4), 637-646. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13240

MLA

Leos-Toro, Cesar, et al. "The efficacy of health warnings and package branding on perceptions of cannabis products among youth and young adults.." Drug and alcohol review, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13240

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "The efficacy of health warnings and package branding on perc..." RTHC-03287. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/leos-toro-2021-the-efficacy-of-health

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.