When Cannabis Hyperemesis Was Mistaken for an Eating Disorder

A case report described a 22-year-old woman whose cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome was initially confused with eating disorder purging, complicated by her actual history of anorexia nervosa and her initial denial of cannabis use.

Brewerton, Timothy D et al.·The International journal of eating disorders·2016·Preliminary EvidenceCase Report
RTHC-01112Case ReportPreliminary Evidence2016RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Case Report
Evidence
Preliminary Evidence
Sample
Not reported

What This Study Found

This case report highlighted a diagnostic overlap between cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) and eating disorders. A 22-year-old woman with a documented history of anorexia nervosa (binge-purge type), major depression, and OCD presented with episodic vomiting that was initially attributed to her eating disorder.

The correct diagnosis of CHS was complicated by three factors: her genuine history of an eating disorder made clinicians attribute the vomiting to purging behavior; she initially denied cannabis use; and the episodic nature of CHS can mimic cyclic vomiting patterns seen in eating disorders.

Collateral history from family and a positive drug screen ultimately confirmed the CHS diagnosis.

Key Numbers

Patient age: 22. Diagnoses: anorexia nervosa (binge-purge type), major depressive disorder, OCD, migraine, and CHS.

How They Did This

This was a clinical case report published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders, describing the diagnostic process, clinical presentation, and implications for eating disorder clinicians.

Why This Research Matters

As both cannabis use and eating disorder awareness increase, clinicians may encounter patients where these conditions overlap or mimic each other. Missing a CHS diagnosis in an eating disorder patient could lead to inappropriate treatment, while missing an eating disorder in a CHS patient could delay needed care.

The Bigger Picture

This case represents a growing awareness that CHS can present in clinical contexts where other explanations for vomiting are readily available, leading to missed diagnoses. The increasing prevalence of both cannabis use and eating disorders makes this overlap clinically relevant.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Single case reports cannot establish diagnostic guidelines or generalize to all patients. The coexistence of anorexia nervosa and CHS in this case may be uncommon. The case does not clarify whether CHS and eating disorder behaviors can mutually reinforce each other.

Questions This Raises

  • ?How common is the co-occurrence of eating disorders and CHS?
  • ?Should all patients presenting with episodic vomiting be screened for cannabis use?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
CHS was initially attributed to the patient's known eating disorder history
Evidence Grade:
This is a single case report illustrating a diagnostic pitfall. It provides awareness but cannot establish prevalence or diagnostic guidelines.
Study Age:
Published in 2016. Both CHS awareness and eating disorder screening have evolved since then.
Original Title:
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome masquerading as an eating disorder.
Published In:
The International journal of eating disorders, 49(8), 826-9 (2016)
Database ID:
RTHC-01112

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-Control
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal StudyOne case or non-human subjects
This study

Describes what happened to one person or a small group.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

How can doctors tell CHS apart from an eating disorder?

Key distinguishing features of CHS include relief from hot bathing (pathognomonic), failure of standard antiemetics, episodic pattern not linked to body image concerns, and resolution with cannabis cessation. Drug screening and honest disclosure of cannabis use are essential for correct diagnosis.

Can someone have both an eating disorder and CHS?

Yes, as this case demonstrates. A patient can have a genuine eating disorder history and also develop CHS from cannabis use. The conditions can coexist and complicate each other's diagnosis and treatment.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-01112·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-01112

APA

Brewerton, Timothy D; Anderson, Odette. (2016). Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome masquerading as an eating disorder.. The International journal of eating disorders, 49(8), 826-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22515

MLA

Brewerton, Timothy D, et al. "Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome masquerading as an eating disorder.." The International journal of eating disorders, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22515

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome masquerading as an eating d..." RTHC-01112. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/brewerton-2016-cannabinoid-hyperemesis-syndrome-masquerading

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.