Cannabis Mental Health Research

Prevalence and characteristics of prenatal cannabis use in Michigan, USA: A statewide population-based pregnancy cohort.

Al-Sahab, Ban · 2026

Weighted prevalence of prenatal cannabis use was 16.8% combining self-report and urinalysis; self-report alone captured 12.3% while urinalysis caught 13.3%, indicating neither method alone captures the full picture..

Changes in Cross-Sectional Associations Between Cannabis Use and Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidality in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadians From 2012 to 2022: Évolution des relations transversales entre la consommation de cannabis et la dépression, l'anxiété et les idées suicidaires au sein d'un échantillon représentatif de Canadiens à l'échelle nationale, de 2012 à 2022.

Halladay, Jillian · 2026

From 2012 to 2022, the prevalence ratio for weekly+ cannabis use (vs.

Cannabis Use Among Individuals With Psychosis After State-Level Commercial Cannabis Legalization.

Hyatt, Andrew S · 2026

Individuals with psychosis in recreational cannabis legalization states increased 30-day cannabis use by 9.53 percentage points (95% CI=3.05-16.00, p=0.004), with sensitivity analyses showing significant increases after retail outlets opened but not before, and no changes in higher-frequency use..

Prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder among patients with cannabis induced psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Javed, Mohammad Saad · 2026

Pooling data from 13 studies with a total of 7,515 patients diagnosed with cannabis-induced psychosis, this meta-analysis calculated the rates at which these individuals later received diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder. The conversion rates were substantial.

Adolescent cannabis use and psychological distress from 2013 to 2023: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada.

McDonald, André J · 2026

Distress rose from 10.7% to 27.4% while cannabis use declined from 23.1% to 17.6%.

Associations of Cannabis and Tobacco Use with Suicide Attempt, Suicide Death, and Overdose Death Among Veterans Prescribed Opioid Analgesics.

Nguyen, Nhung · 2026

Cannabis use: HR 1.11 for suicide attempts.

The prevalence of cannabis use pre-versus post-cannabis legalization in Canada by mental health status: findings from national repeat cross-sectional surveys.

Rundle, Samantha · 2026

Past 12-month cannabis use increased from pre-legalization among those with anxiety (AOR 1.33) in the year immediately following legalization.

Psychological and Psychosocial Interventions for People With Schizophrenia and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Salahuddin, Nurul Husna · 2026

A very small effect favoring interventions was observed for overall symptoms (SMD -0.11, 95% CI -0.27 to 0.05, low confidence), mainly driven by nicotine studies.

Growing Concerns: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of cannabis use and mental health risks in youth.

Sanz-Pérez, A · 2026

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for youth cannabis users: Depression OR 1.51 (aOR 1.28).

Cannabis Use Among US Adolescents.

Sultan, Ryan S · 2026

Compared to non-users, even noncurrent and monthly cannabis users had greater odds of poor academic performance (aOR 1.30-2.20), poor impulsivity and self-regulation (aOR 1.26-2.19), and adverse emotional states (aOR 1.1-1.42).

Alcohol Use, Cannabis Use, and Discrimination by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Within the All of Us Research Program.

Sunder, Gowri · 2026

Discrimination (measured by the Everyday Discrimination Scale) was positively associated with cannabis use at low-to-moderate levels but the association was not significant at very high discrimination levels.

Substance Use Patterns Across the Sexual Identity Spectrum Among U.S. Individuals.

Yang, Kevin H · 2026

Substance use was higher across all non-heterosexual identity groups compared to heterosexual individuals.

Adolescent Cannabis Use and Risk of Psychotic, Bipolar, Depressive, and Anxiety Disorders.

Young-Wolff, Kelly C · 2026

This large longitudinal cohort study followed adolescents aged 13–17 who were screened for past-year cannabis use during routine pediatric care at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 2016 to 2023, with follow-up through age 25. Adolescents who reported cannabis use had significantly higher rates of clinician-diagnosed psychiatric disorders compared to non-users.

Trends in the diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adolescents: analysis of German health insurance data from 2013 to 2022.

Zarour, Alexander · 2026

Cannabis-related disorder diagnoses increased from 0.08% to 0.10% (+22.4%) among German adolescents ages 12-17 from 2013 to 2022, with a COVID-19 pandemic dip.

Effects of legal access versus illegal market cannabis on use and mental health: A randomized controlled trial.

Baltes-Flueckiger, Lavinia · 2025

After 6 months, the legal cannabis group showed a trend toward lower cannabis misuse scores compared to the illegal market group (10.1 vs 10.9, p=0.052).

The association between cannabis use and paranoia: Meta-analysis of experimental and observational studies.

Belvederi Murri, Martino · 2025

Five experimental studies showed that cannabinoid recipients developed more severe paranoia than placebo (SMD=0.47).

Cannabis Use Cessation and the Risk of Psychotic Disorders: A Case-Control Analysis from the First Episode Case-Control EU-GEI WP2 Study: L'arrêt de l'utilisation du cannabis et le risque de troubles psychotiques: Une analyse cas-témoins tirée de l'étude cas-témoins EU-GEI WP2 centrée sur les premiers épisodes psychotiques.

Bond, Benjamin W · 2025

Ex-users who stopped 1-4 weeks prior had 6.9 times the psychosis odds of never-users.

The association of preconception and prenatal cannabis and tobacco exposure with autism symptoms in offspring: A population-based longitudinal study.

Cajachagua-Torres, Kim N · 2025

Maternal cannabis use before but not during pregnancy was associated with higher CBCL autism symptoms across childhood (beta: 0.33, CI: 0.02-0.63).

Prospective associations of alcohol and drug misuse with suicidal behaviors among US Army soldiers who have left active service.

Campbell-Sills, Laura · 2025

Cannabis use at baseline was significantly associated with subsequent suicidal ideation (AOR range: 1.42-2.60 across substance use measures) and suicide planning.

Depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and tobacco and marijuana use.

Carney-Knisely, Geoffrey · 2025

People under stay-at-home orders had 2.18 times the odds of moderate-to-severe depression.

Examining the Interactive Associations of Cannabis and Alcohol Outlets With Self-harm Injuries in California: A Spatiotemporal Analysis.

Charris, Rafael · 2025

Recreational cannabis outlets were not associated with fatal or nonfatal self-harm injuries; a hypothetical 20% reduction in alcohol outlets was associated with 1.59 fewer nonfatal self-harm injuries per 100,000; no interaction between cannabis and alcohol outlet densities..

Alcohol and Cannabis Use Trends Among Adolescents With and Without a History of Recent Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior: 1991-2023.

Cheek, Shayna M · 2025

Cannabis use prevalence decreased since 1995 for adolescents with no STB history but showed no significant decline for those with recent suicidal ideation or attempts; female adolescents with suicide attempt history showed plateauing cannabis use since the 1990s..

Deliberate self-harm and suicide in individuals with cannabis-related hospital contacts in Ontario, Canada.

Fabiano, Nicholas · 2025

Cannabis-related hospital contact was associated with a 5.35x risk of deliberate self-harm and 9.22x risk of death by suicide compared to the general population.

Taxonicity of cannabis use disorder: Findings from a large community sample and an inpatient clinical sample.

Garber, Molly L · 2025

Using three taxometric procedures across a large community sample (N=3,623) and a clinical inpatient sample (N=621), cannabis use disorder consistently showed dimensional rather than categorical structure, with mean CCFIs well below the 0.50 threshold for taxonicity..

Relations between adverse childhood experiences, racial and ethnic Identity, and cannabis use outcomes.

Gette, Jordan A · 2025

As ACEs increased, odds of lifetime CUD rose across all groups (aOR 1.45-3.03).

Binge Drinking, Cannabis, and Tobacco Use and Modifiable Social Risks Among Adults Who Used Health Care.

Glass, Joseph E · 2025

42.1% of past-month cannabis users and 42.6% of tobacco users had at least one social risk, compared to 30.9% overall.

Cannabis Use Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women of Childbearing Age: Findings From the 2021-2023 National Survey of Drug Use and Health.

Grigsby, Timothy J · 2025

Among 94,225 women of reproductive age (including 2,051 pregnant), cannabis use prevalence was 12.6% for nonpregnant and 6.8% for pregnant women.

Substance use and sexual orientation among adolescents: Differences by age group and sex in the 2023 National Survey of Drug Use and Health.

Grigsby, Timothy J · 2025

Among 10,361 adolescents aged 12-17, 11.2% reported past-year marijuana use.

Trends of Adolescent Substance Use by Type of Victimization: COVID-19 Interaction Effects in the United States Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2013-2023).

Gu, Hyejin · 2025

Among 52,679 US adolescents from the YRBS (2013-2023), 27.2% reported at least one form of victimization.

Cannabis legalization and cannabis use disorder in United States Veterans Health Administration patients with and without psychiatric disorders, 2005-2022: a repeated cross-sectional study.

Hasin, Deborah S · 2025

CUD prevalence among veterans with any psychiatric disorder rose from ~3.3% in 2005 to ~5.7-6.4% by 2022, depending on state legalization status.

Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder Among U.S. Adults with Psychiatric Disorders: 2001-2002 and 2012-2013.

Hasin, Deborah S · 2025

Across two nationally representative surveys (2001-2002 and 2012-2013), cannabis use, frequent use, and CUD all increased more among adults with psychiatric disorders.

Systematic review of risk factors for violence in psychosis: 10-year update.

Lagerberg, Tyra · 2025

Criminal history factors had the greatest risk (pooled OR 3.50, 95% CI: 2.37-5.16), followed by substance misuse (OR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.99-2.80).

Cannabis Use Trajectories Among People Living With HIV in the Decade Prior to Recreational Legalization in Ontario, Canada (2008-2017).

Lazor, Tanya · 2025

Four trajectories: Low/No Use (67%), Increased Use (4%), Decreased Use (2%), High Use (26%).

Association of childhood mental health and cognition with longitudinal patterns of cannabis problems in adolescence.

Lees Thorne, Rachel · 2025

Five trajectories identified: stable-no problems (85%), early-onset high (2%), late-onset high (3%), early-onset low (6%), late-onset low (5%).

Circuit mechanisms governing endocannabinoid modulation of affective behaviour and stress adaptation.

Loomba, Niharika · 2025

Endocannabinoid signaling modulates innate avoidance, conditioned fear, and stress responsivity through specific cortical-cortical and cortical-subcortical circuits.

Selective Personality-Targeted Intervention and the Escalation of Substance Use During Adolescence: A Secondary Analysis of A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial.

Lynch, Samantha J · 2025

Students receiving PreVenture, a brief personality-targeted cognitive-behavioral intervention, showed slower increases in cannabis use (OR=0.75), tobacco smoking (OR=0.79), alcohol use (OR=0.92), and illicit polysubstance use (OR=0.56) over 4 years compared to controls.

The role of depression in the relationship between cannabis use and suicidal behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Maffre Maviel, Gustave · 2025

Among adolescents, cannabis use was associated with suicidal ideation (OR=1.46) and suicide attempts (OR=2.17) in studies adjusting for depression.

Cannabis Withdrawal and Psychiatric Intensive Care.

Malik, Aliyah · 2025

Among 52,088 psychiatric admissions in London over 16 years, cannabis users were 44% more likely than non-users to require psychiatric intensive care overall.

Recreational cannabis use and sleep in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mao, Fangxiang · 2025

Across 102 observational studies, current recreational cannabis use was associated with poorer sleep quality, both short and long sleep duration, more insomnia symptoms, and a later chronotype compared to non-use.

Health Service Use Among Young Adults With a History of Adolescent Cannabis Use.

Martínez, Pablo · 2025

Three adolescent cannabis patterns were identified: nonuse (60%), late-onset after 15 (20%), and early/frequent before 15 (20%).

The adverse public health effects of non-medical cannabis legalisation in Canada and the USA.

Mekonen Yimer, Tesfa · 2025

The review found that cannabis legalization has been associated with several adverse public health outcomes including increased emergency department visits, cannabis-impaired driving incidents, and accidental pediatric exposures, though effects vary by jurisdiction and policy design..

Cognitive Difficulty Concentrating, Remembering, or Making Decisions According to Chronic Medical Conditions and Cannabis Use Among US Adults in 2022.

Merrill, Ray M · 2025

Among 94,918 U.S.

Cannabis use and suicide in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal, case control, and cross-sectional studies.

Mulligan, Lee D · 2025

Across 29 studies (36 samples), cannabis use was associated with 40% higher odds of attempted suicide (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.16-1.68) and 21% higher risk of suicide death (HR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.04-1.40).

Cannabis Use Disorder Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations and 5-Year Mortality.

Myran, Daniel T · 2025

Within 5 years of incident hospital-based CUD care, 3.5% of individuals died compared to 0.6% of matched general population members.

Changes in Incident Schizophrenia Diagnoses Associated With Cannabis Use Disorder After Cannabis Legalization.

Myran, Daniel T · 2025

The population-attributable risk fraction (PARF) for CUD associated with schizophrenia nearly tripled from 3.7% pre-legalization to 10.3% post-legalization.

Risk of Dementia in Individuals With Emergency Department Visits or Hospitalizations Due to Cannabis.

Myran, Daniel T · 2025

Individuals aged 45+ with acute care due to cannabis use had a 5.0% rate of dementia diagnosis within 5 years, compared to 3.6% for all-cause acute care and 1.3% in the general population.

Associations Between Violence and Unsafe Living Situations With Cannabis Use During Early Pregnancy.

Ogden, Shannon N · 2025

Past-year violence and unsafe/unstable living situations were associated with higher prenatal cannabis use in adjusted analyses.

Patterns of substance use and associations with mental health and interpersonal violence among adolescents.

Ogden, Shannon N · 2025

Five latent classes of substance use were identified: friends' use only (37%), alcohol use (21%), polysubstance use (20%), cannabis use/some polysubstance use (18%), and other substance use (5%).

Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms Before and After Adolescent Cannabis Use Initiation.

Osborne, K Juston · 2025

Adolescents who used cannabis at any point had more psychosis symptoms (B=0.86) and distress from symptoms (B=1.17) than never-users, consistent with shared vulnerability.

The Longitudinal Relationship of Loneliness With Frequency and Problematic Use of Alcohol and Cannabis Among Young Adults.

Rhew, Isaac C · 2025

Using marginal structural modeling to control for multiple confounders, loneliness at ages 21 and 23 predicted greater cannabis use frequency at subsequent waves (OR 1.13 per SD increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.20).

Co-occurrence between adverse childhood experiences and cannabis use in psychosis risk and course: A stratified systematic review.

Ricci, Valerio · 2025

Across 62 studies in five population categories, childhood adversity and cannabis use showed synergistic psychosis risk amplification: odds ratios up to 20.9 in community samples and 31.0 in first-episode samples.

Cannabis and suicide risk in first-episode psychosis: Mechanisms, interactions, and intervention strategies.

Ricci, Valerio · 2025

Across 50 studies (12,764 FEP patients), cannabis use consistently elevated suicide risk (OR 1.43-1.84), with daily use showing OR 2.73 (95% CI 1.89-3.94) and high-THC cannabis OR 3.12 (95% CI 2.11-4.62).

High-Concentration Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Cannabis Products and Mental Health Outcomes : A Systematic Review.

Rittiphairoj, Thanitsara · 2025

In non-therapeutic studies, high-concentration THC showed unfavorable associations with psychosis/schizophrenia (70% of studies) and cannabis use disorder (75%).

An integrated behavioral approach to understanding sociocognitive determinants and risk profiles of cannabis use in adolescents.

Torrejón-Guirado, María-Carmen · 2025

Four trajectories emerged: non/minimal users, late-onset moderate users, early-onset moderate users, and early-onset escalating users.

Cannabis and mental health in adolescents: changes in associations over 15 years.

Valter, R · 2025

The association between regular cannabis use and suicidal ideation in 17-year-olds increased from OR 1.44 in 2008 to OR 2.52 in 2022, while the association with antidepressant use rose from OR 2.57 to OR 4.47 over the same period..

Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Diagnoses in Mental Health Treatment 2013 to 2022: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study.

Ware, Orrin D · 2025

Of 3.95 million cases with alcohol or cannabis use disorder in mental health treatment, 1.63 million had CUD.

Moderating Effect of Participation in Organized College Sports on Mental Health and Frequency of Cannabis Use in a National Cohort.

Zeiger, Joanna S · 2025

Higher cannabis use frequency was associated with greater likelihood of depression, anxiety, and PTSD diagnoses.

Concurrent Use of Tobacco and Cannabis and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in US Youths.

Do, Vuong V · 2024

Concurrent tobacco and cannabis users had significantly higher odds of externalizing problems compared to tobacco-only use (AOR 1.83) and cannabis-only use (AOR 1.85).

Substance addictions and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: Evidence from a multi-wave epidemiological study.

Giugovaz, Angela · 2024

Addictions to alcohol, pain relievers, marijuana, and cocaine were stable and reliable predictors of all three STB outcomes (ideation, planning, attempt) across 12 years.

Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Distress in Young People: A Longitudinal Study.

Gripe, Isabella · 2024

Using fixed-effects models (which control for all stable individual characteristics), increasing cannabis use from none to 10+ times/year was associated in males with anxiety (RR 1.72, p=0.009), depressed mood (RR 1.49, p<0.001), and suicidal ideation (RR 3.43, p=0.012).

Trends in the co-occurrence of substance use and mental health symptomatology in a national sample of US post-secondary students from 2009 to 2019.

Halladay, Jillian · 2024

Cannabis use was associated with greater odds of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among US post-secondary students.

Cannabis use and trauma-focused treatment for co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis of individual patient data.

Hill, Melanie L · 2024

A common clinical concern is that cannabis use might interfere with PTSD treatment — either by numbing emotions needed for therapeutic processing or by signaling lower motivation for change.

Development of an anxiety disorder following an emergency department visit due to cannabis use: a population-based cohort study.

Myran, Daniel T · 2024

Within 3 years of a cannabis ER visit, 12.3% were diagnosed with anxiety (ED/hospital) vs 1.2% general population (aHR 3.69).

Cannabis-involvement in emergency department visits for self-harm following medical and non-medical cannabis legalization.

Myran, Daniel T · 2024

Among 158,912 self-harm ER visits, cannabis co-diagnosis increased 90.1% (3.6 to 6.9/100,000) while alcohol declined 17.3%.

Cannabis use and mood disorders: a systematic review.

Sorkhou, Maryam · 2024

Cannabis use was associated with increased depressive and manic symptoms in the general population, elevated likelihood of developing both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and unfavorable prognosis in people already diagnosed with either condition.

Effectiveness of the Minder Mobile Mental Health and Substance Use Intervention for University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Vereschagin, Melissa · 2024

The Minder app produced significant reductions in anxiety (GAD-7: d=-0.17, p<0.001) and depression (PHQ-9: d=-0.11, p=0.007).

Associations of cannabis use, use frequency, and cannabis use disorder with violent behavior among young adults in the United States.

Volkow, Nora D · 2024

For males, only daily cannabis use (with or without CUD) was associated with violent behavior (adjusted PRs: 1.7-1.8).

Association of psychiatric and substance use disorders with cannabis use and cannabis use disorder during early pregnancy in northern California.

Young-Wolff, Kelly C · 2024

All psychiatric disorders studied were associated with elevated cannabis use and CUD during pregnancy.

Association between cannabis use and symptom dimensions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an individual participant data meta-analysis on 3053 individuals.

Argote, Mathilde · 2023

Cannabis use was associated with higher positive symptom severity (aMD=0.38), lower negative symptom severity (aMD=-0.50), and higher excitement (aMD=0.16) using the 5-factor PANSS model.

Cannabis use, cannabis use disorder and mental health disorders among pregnant and postpartum women in the US: A nationally representative study.

Brown, Qiana L · 2023

Among 1,316 pregnant and postpartum women, past-year cannabis use prevalence was 9.8% and cannabis use disorder (CUD) was 3.2%.

The relationship between cannabis use, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder: a genetically informed study.

Cheng, Weiqiu · 2023

Genome-wide genetic correlations between psychotic disorders and cannabis phenotypes ranged from 0.22-0.35.

Transition to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Following Emergency Department Visits Due to Substance Use With and Without Psychosis.

Myran, Daniel T · 2023

Among 9.8 million people without prior psychosis, those with ER visits for substance-induced psychosis had a 163-fold increased risk of transitioning to schizophrenia (3-year risk: 18.5% vs 0.1%).

Association between non-medical cannabis legalization and emergency department visits for cannabis-induced psychosis.

Myran, Daniel T · 2023

Across 6,300 ER visits for cannabis-induced psychosis, restricted legalization showed no change relative to pre-legalization.

Prevalence and correlates of cannabis use among individuals with DSM-5 social anxiety disorder: Findings from a nationally representative sample.

Patel, Tapan A · 2023

In both lifetime (N=1,255) and past-year (N=980) SAD samples, weekly+ cannabis use was significantly related to fear or avoidance of social situations interfering with relationships.

Risk of readmission among individuals with cannabis use disorder during a 15-year cohort study: the impact of socio-economic factors and psychiatric comorbidity.

Rabiee, Rynaz · 2023

About 80% of CUD visits were outpatient.

Cannabis use disorder in relation to socioeconomic factors and psychiatric comorbidity: A cluster analysis of three million individuals born in 1970-2000.

Rabiee, Rynaz · 2023

Of 3,307,759 individuals born 1970-2000, 14,046 (0.42%) received a CUD diagnosis.

Suicidality risk after using cannabis and cannabinoids: An umbrella review.

Shamabadi, Ahmad · 2023

25 systematic reviews were included (24 on recreational use, 1 on therapeutic).

Association between formal thought disorder and cannabis use: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Argote, Mathilde · 2022

Cannabis users had higher FTD severity overall (SMD 0.21, 95% CI 0.12-0.29, p=0.00009).

Disparities in functioning from alcohol and cannabis use among a racially/ethnically diverse sample of emerging adults.

D'Amico, Elizabeth J · 2022

Greater frequency and increased frequency of alcohol and cannabis use were associated with poorer outcomes across groups.

Cannabis smoking increases the risk of suicide ideation and suicide attempt in young individuals of 11-21 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fresán, Ana · 2022

Across 20 studies with 34,859 youth, cannabis smokers had significantly higher risk of suicide attempt (OR 2.33), suicidal ideation (OR 2.04), and suicide planning (OR 1.67) compared to non-users.

A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Youth Cannabis Use: Alterations in Executive Control, Social Cognition/Emotion Processing, and Reward Processing in Cannabis Using Youth.

Hammond, Christopher J · 2022

Cannabis-using youth showed greater activation in the rostral medial prefrontal cortex during executive control tasks and decreased activation in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate during social cognition and emotion processing, compared to non-using peers..

Cannabis use among U.S. military veterans with subthreshold or threshold posttraumatic stress disorder: Psychiatric comorbidities, functioning, and strategies for coping with posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Hill, Melanie L · 2022

Veterans with PTSD who used cannabis more than weekly were significantly more likely to screen positive for depression (OR 3.4-3.8), anxiety, and suicidal ideation compared to non-users.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and cannabis use after one year among students of the i-Share cohort.

Jean, François Arnaud Matthieu · 2022

Higher ASRS scores were associated with greater probability of cannabis use after one year (OR 1.24 for occasional use, OR 1.43 for frequent use).

Marijuana Use Is Associated With Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among US Adolescents at Rates Similar to Tobacco and Alcohol.

Kahn, Geoffrey D · 2022

Marijuana was more strongly associated with suicide attempts than with suicidal ideation.

Does marijuana use among African American adolescent males differ based on school factors?

King, Keith A · 2022

Those at highest risk were 16-17 years old, in grades 9-12, did not like going to school, and believed most or all students in their grade used marijuana.

Elevated social anxiety symptoms across childhood and adolescence predict adult mental disorders and cannabis use.

Krygsman, Amanda · 2022

Three social anxiety trajectories emerged: high increasing (15.5%), moderate (37.3%), and low (47.2%).

Cannabis use and posttraumatic stress disorder: prospective evidence from a longitudinal study of veterans.

Metrik, Jane · 2022

Using cross-lagged panel modeling, baseline cannabis use significantly predicted worse intrusion symptoms at 6 months (beta=0.46).

A Nationwide Study of Inpatient Case Rate Incidence of Cannabis-Related Diagnoses in Switzerland.

Pfeifer, Philippe · 2022

Cannabis-related psychiatric hospitalization rates increased significantly from 1998 to 2020.

Comorbidity and Coaggregation of Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder in a Controlled Family Study.

Quick, Courtney R · 2022

CUD in probands was associated with increased CUD in relatives (aOR 2.64).

The association of cannabis use with quality of life and psychosocial functioning in psychosis.

Bruins, J · 2021

Cannabis users (11.4%) had significantly lower quality of life (B=-2.93) and worse psychosocial functioning (B=1.03) than non-users.

Associations of Suicidality Trends With Cannabis Use as a Function of Sex and Depression Status.

Han, Beth · 2021

Cannabis use disorder was associated with substantially higher suicidality regardless of depression status.

Prevalence of cannabis use, disorder, and medical card possession in U.S. military veterans: Results from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.

Hill, Melanie L · 2021

Cannabis use prevalence among veterans was estimated at 11.9%, up from 9% in 2014.

Comparative associations of problematic alcohol and cannabis use with suicidal behavior in U.S. military veterans: A population-based study.

Hill, Melanie L · 2021

Among veterans with AUD, 8.7% also had CUD, while 33.3% of those with CUD also had AUD.

Burden of cannabis use and disorder in the U.S. veteran population: Psychiatric comorbidity, suicidality, and service utilization.

Hill, Melanie L · 2021

Compared to veterans who never used cannabis, those with any lifetime use had elevated odds (ORs 1.5-8.3) of current and lifetime PTSD, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and mental health treatment use.

Demographic risk factors for co-occurring suicidality and cannabis use disorders: Findings from a nationally representative United States sample.

Kelly, Lourah M · 2021

Men had twice the odds of co-occurring suicidal ideation and CUD (AOR=2.06).

Role of sex on the relationship between sexual minority status and past 30-day marijuana use among high school students (YRBS, 2015-2019).

Mantey, Dale S · 2021

The association between sexual minority status and marijuana use differed significantly by sex.

Cannabis use disorder trajectories and their prospective predictors in a large population-based sample of young Swiss men.

Marmet, Simon · 2021

Four trajectories were identified: stable-low (88.2%), decreasing (5.2%), stable-high (2.6%), and increasing (4.0%).

How High? Trends in Cannabis Use Prior to First Admission to Inpatient Psychiatry in Ontario, Canada, between 2007 and 2017.

McGuckin, Taylor · 2021

Cannabis use within 30 days of first psychiatric admission rose from 16.7% in 2007 to 25.9% in 2017.

Potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoid products in adult psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

McKee, Kyle A · 2021

Of 31 RCTs (10 for cannabis use disorder, 6 for schizophrenia, 5 for opioid/tobacco use, 3 for anxiety, 2 each for Tourette's and anorexia, 1 each for ADHD, PTSD, and OCD), the review found limited evidence for acute symptom management in select conditions.

Adult Gambling Problems and Histories of Mental Health and Substance Use: Findings from a Prospective Multi-Wave Australian Cohort Study.

Merkouris, Stephanie S · 2021

Persistent cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood predicted gambling problems in the early 30s (OR 2.30-3.42).

Precursors of self-reported subclinical hypomania in adolescence: A longitudinal general population study.

Nielsen, Louise Gunhard · 2021

Cannabis use by age 15 was a strong independent predictor of self-reported subclinical hypomania at age 16 (RR 3.14, 95% CI 1.93-5.10), after adjusting for age 11 psychopathology and other precursors.

Comorbid Cannabis Use Disorder with Major Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Nationally Representative Epidemiological Surveys.

Onaemo, Vivian N · 2021

Cannabis use disorder was strongly associated with major depressive episodes (OR 3.22; 95% CI 2.31-4.49) and with generalized anxiety disorder (OR 2.99; 95% CI 2.14-4.16).

Associations Between Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Childhood Outcomes: Results From the ABCD Study.

Paul, Sarah E · 2021

Children exposed to cannabis prenatally showed greater psychotic-like experiences, internalizing, externalizing, attention, thought, and social problems, more sleep difficulties, higher BMI, and lower cognitive performance.

The Behavioral Sequelae of Cannabis Use in Healthy People: A Systematic Review.

Sorkhou, Maryam · 2021

Across 124 studies of cannabis effects in people without psychiatric or medical conditions, frequency of use, THC content, age of onset, and cumulative exposure all contributed to adverse behavioral outcomes including impaired cognition, motivation, mood, anxiety, psychosis risk, and psychosocial functioning..

Schizophrenia and the Environment: Within-Person Analyses May be Required to Yield Evidence of Unconfounded and Causal Association-The Example of Cannabis and Psychosis.

van Os, Jim · 2021

In the fixed-effects model, prior cannabis use predicted subsequent psychotic experiences (adjusted OR = 7.03, 95% CI: 2.39-20.69), but prior psychotic experiences did not predict subsequent cannabis use (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.21-1.71)..

Cannabis, schizophrenia genetic risk, and psychotic experiences: a cross-sectional study of 109,308 participants from the UK Biobank.

Wainberg, Michael · 2021

Cannabis ever-use was associated with 67% greater adjusted odds of delusions of reference among individuals in the top fifth of schizophrenia polygenic risk, but only 7% greater adjusted odds among the bottom fifth.

Premorbid Adjustment and IQ in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis: A Multisite Case-Control Study of Their Relationship With Cannabis Use.

Ferraro, Laura · 2020

Psychosis patients who used cannabis occasionally or daily had better premorbid social adjustment than patients who never used.

Relationship between cannabis use frequency and major depressive disorder in adolescents: Findings from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2012-2017.

Gukasyan, Natalie · 2020

Adolescents with any cannabis use history had significantly higher rates of major depressive disorder and past-year suicide attempts.

Cannabis use and psychosis: a review of reviews.

Hasan, Alkomiet · 2020

Across 26 reviews, the evidence consistently showed: psychosis occurs more frequently in cannabis users than non-users; risk increases with dose; cannabis users develop psychosis earlier; and cannabis use is associated with increased relapse, more hospitalizations, and more pronounced positive symptoms in those with psychotic disorders..

Psychiatric symptoms caused by cannabis constituents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hindley, Guy · 2020

THC produced large effect sizes for total symptoms (SMC 1.10), positive/psychotic symptoms (SMC 0.91), and negative symptoms (SMC 0.78) compared to placebo.

Cannabis use, cognitive performance, and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in community adults.

Petker, Tashia · 2020

After controlling for age, income, sex, alcohol, and tobacco use, cannabis use severity predicted greater hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive ADHD symptom endorsement in 1,008 adults, but was not associated with other neurocognitive measures.

The role of perceived discrimination in substance use trajectories in Hispanic young adults: A longitudinal cohort study from high school through emerging adulthood.

Rogers, Christopher J · 2020

Among 1,457 Hispanic youth in Southern California followed from 2006-2017, perceived discrimination in high school significantly predicted marijuana use initiation that was discontinued (RRR 1.464) and marijuana use that continued into emerging adulthood (RRR 1.249), compared to never using.

Greater delay discounting and cannabis coping motives are associated with more frequent cannabis use in a large sample of adult cannabis users.

Sofis, Michael J · 2020

Latent class analysis identified three use groups: low (23%, 1-9 days/month), moderate (41%, 10-29 days/month, 2-3 times/day), and high (36%, daily, 4+ times/day).

Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Black, Nicola · 2019

Pharmaceutical THC (with or without CBD) produced only a very small improvement in anxiety among patients with other medical conditions (SMD -0.25).

Cannabis use and suicide attempts among 86,254 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 21 low- and middle-income countries.

Carvalho, Andre F · 2019

Past 30-day cannabis use was significantly associated with suicide attempts (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.42-2.91) after multivariable adjustment.

Increasing Depression and Substance Use Among Former Smokers in the United States, 2002-2016.

Cheslack-Postava, Keely · 2019

Among former smokers, past-year marijuana use rose from 5.35% to 10.09% (2002-2016), depression increased from 4.88% to 6.04% (2005-2016), and binge alcohol use rose from 17.22% to 22.33% (2002-2016).

Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Gobbi, Gabriella · 2019

Adolescent cannabis use was associated with depression in young adulthood (OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.16-1.62), suicidal ideation (OR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.11-2.03), and suicide attempt (OR 3.46, 95% CI: 1.53-7.84).

Tempering aversive/traumatic memories with cannabinoids: a review of evidence from animal and human studies.

Lisboa, Sabrina F · 2019

Direct or indirect CB1 receptor activation consistently facilitated extinction of aversive/traumatic memories across animal and human studies.

Predictors of future suicide attempt among adolescents with suicidal thoughts or non-suicidal self-harm: a population-based birth cohort study.

Mars, Becky · 2019

Cannabis use at age 16 predicted first suicide attempt by 21 in both high-risk groups: OR 2.61 (95% CI 1.11-6.14) among those with suicidal thoughts and OR 2.14 (95% CI 1.04-4.41) among those with non-suicidal self-harm.

Substance use and suicidal ideation and behaviour in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Breet, Elsie · 2018

Researchers systematically reviewed 108 studies examining the relationship between substance use and suicidal ideation and behavior in low- and middle-income countries, where 75% of global suicides occur. The association between substance use and suicidal behavior was remarkably consistent across all substances studied (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, illicit drugs, prescription drug misuse), all dimensions of substance use (intoxication, use, and pathological use), and all dimensions of suicidal behavior (ideation, non-fatal attempts, and completed suicide). However, the review revealed significant gaps.

Marijuana use among adults: Initiation, return to use, and continued use versus quitting over a one-year follow-up period.

Choi, Namkee G · 2018

Using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, researchers tracked marijuana use transitions over one year in over 26,000 US adults. Among people who had never used marijuana, 2.36% initiated use.

GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal influence of schizophrenia.

Pasman, Joëlle A · 2018

In the largest GWAS of lifetime cannabis use to date, researchers analyzed 184,765 individuals and identified eight genome-wide significant SNPs in six genomic regions. All measured genetic variants combined explained 11% of the variance in cannabis use. Gene-based tests revealed 35 significant genes in 16 regions.

Major depressive disorder, suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and cannabis involvement in discordant twins: a retrospective cohort study.

Agrawal, Arpana · 2017

Among nearly 14,000 twins from the Australian Twin Registry, the identical twin who used cannabis frequently (100+ times) was significantly more likely to report major depressive disorder (odds ratio 1.98) and suicidal ideation (odds ratio 2.47) compared to their genetically identical co-twin who used less. These associations persisted even after adjusting for early alcohol and nicotine use, early mood symptoms, conduct disorder, and childhood sexual abuse.

20-year outcomes in adolescents who self-harm: a population-based cohort study.

Borschmann, Rohan · 2017

In a population-based cohort of 1,671 Australians followed from adolescence to age 35, those who self-harmed during adolescence (8% of the cohort) had significantly worse outcomes across multiple domains: social disadvantage, mental health, and substance use. Most of these associations were explained by concurrent adolescent mental health disorders and substance use.

Predicting Persistent, Limited, and Delayed Problematic Cannabis Use in Early Adulthood: Findings From a Longitudinal Study.

Hill, Sherika · 2017

Following 1,229 people from childhood through age 30, this study identified four distinct patterns of problematic cannabis use (cannabis use disorder or daily use) in early adulthood. The persistent pattern (6.7% of the sample) characterized people with problematic use in both late adolescence (19-21) and early adulthood (26-30).

Evidence for the Risks and Consequences of Adolescent Cannabis Exposure.

Levine, Amir · 2017

This comprehensive review examined four neuropsychiatric outcomes most vulnerable to adolescent cannabis exposure: cognition, emotional functioning, psychosis risk, and addiction. The clinical literature showed strong correlations between early, frequent, heavy adolescent cannabis use and poor cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in adulthood.

Marijuana and acute health care contacts in Colorado.

Wang, George Sam · 2017

Analyzing Colorado health data from 2000-2015, the study documented escalating marijuana-related healthcare contacts across three measures. Hospitalizations with marijuana-related billing codes increased from 274 per 100,000 in 2000 to 593 per 100,000 in 2015, more than doubling over the period.

Cannabis Use and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders: Prospective Evidence From a US National Longitudinal Study.

Blanco, Carlos · 2016

Researchers followed a nationally representative sample of over 34,000 US adults over three years to examine whether cannabis use predicted the development of psychiatric disorders. After adjusting for a comprehensive set of confounders (demographics, family history, childhood adversity, prior psychiatric disorders, and more), cannabis use was strongly associated with subsequent substance use disorders: 6.2x for any substance use disorder, 9.5x for cannabis use disorder, 2.7x for alcohol use disorder, 2.6x for other drug use disorder, and 1.7x for nicotine dependence. However, cannabis use was not significantly associated with developing any mood disorder (OR 1.1) or any anxiety disorder (OR 0.9).

A literature review and meta-analyses of cannabis use and suicidality.

Borges, Guilherme · 2016

This review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between cannabis use and suicidality across three outcomes: suicide death, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. For chronic cannabis use, the pooled odds ratios from meta-analyses were: suicide death (2.56, based on 4 studies), suicidal ideation with any use (1.43, from 6 studies) and heavy use (2.53, from 5 studies), and suicide attempt with any use (2.23, from 6 studies) and heavy use (3.20, from 6 studies). For acute cannabis use, the evidence was mostly limited to toxicology reports finding cannabis in approximately 9.5% of suicide decedents, with higher detection rates among those who died by non-overdose methods.

The association between cannabis use and anxiety disorders: Results from a population-based representative sample.

Feingold, Daniel · 2016

This study followed thousands of Americans over three years to test whether cannabis use leads to anxiety disorders or vice versa.

Prevalence and Correlates of DSM-5 Cannabis Use Disorder, 2012-2013: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.

Hasin, Deborah S · 2016

This study provided the first nationally representative prevalence data for cannabis use disorder using the updated DSM-5 criteria.

The association between cannabis use and suicidality among men and women: A population-based longitudinal study.

Shalit, Nadav · 2016

Using data from over 30,000 participants followed over 3 years, researchers found strikingly different patterns between men and women in the cannabis-suicidality relationship. In men, cannabis use predicted the development of new suicidal ideation.

Anxiety, depression and risk of cannabis use: Examining the internalising pathway to use among Chilean adolescents.

Stapinski, Lexine A · 2016

Researchers followed 2,508 ninth-graders from low-income schools in Santiago, Chile, for 18 months.

Trajectories of perceived discrimination from adolescence to emerging adulthood and substance use among Hispanic youth in Los Angeles.

Unger, Jennifer B · 2016

Researchers identified four distinct trajectories of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination among Hispanic youth from ages 14 to 23: 1.

The association between cannabis use and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Lev-Ran, Shaul · 2014

When researchers combined results from 22 longitudinal studies that adjusted for baseline depression, cannabis users had higher odds of later depression than non‑users.

The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial.

Morley, Kirsten C · 2014

Over 6 months, there were no completed suicides and only 2 suicide attempts among 185 participants, which is a positive outcome regardless of treatment group.

Universal Internet-based prevention for alcohol and cannabis use reduces truancy, psychological distress and moral disengagement: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Newton, Nicola C · 2014

Students who received the Internet-based Climate Schools: Alcohol and Cannabis course showed significant reductions in three key risk factors compared to controls.

Childhood trajectories of inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional behaviors and prediction of substance abuse/dependence: a 15-year longitudinal population-based study.

Pingault, J-B · 2013

Researchers tracked behavioral trajectories of 1,803 children from age 6 to 12 using yearly parent and teacher reports, then assessed substance dependence at age 21.

Cannabis use and suicidal ideation.

van Ours, Jan C · 2013

Using data from a 30-year birth cohort study, researchers examined the directional relationship between cannabis use and suicidal ideation.

The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: a population-based cohort study.

Moran, Paul · 2012

A population-based cohort of 1,943 Australian adolescents was followed from age 15.9 to 29 with seven waves of assessment.

Cannabis and suicide: longitudinal study.

Price, Ceri · 2009

Researchers followed 50,087 men conscripted for Swedish military service over 33 years, during which 600 suicides or deaths from undetermined causes occurred. Cannabis use measured at conscription was associated with increased suicide risk in the crude analysis (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.28-2.07). However, after adjusting for confounding factors, including markers of pre-existing psychological and behavioral problems, the association was completely eliminated (adjusted OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.65-1.20). The authors concluded that cannabis use is unlikely to have a strong direct effect on suicide risk.

A latent class analysis of illicit drug abuse/dependence: results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Agrawal, Arpana · 2007

Using latent class analysis of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (43,093 participants), researchers identified five distinct patterns of illicit drug abuse/dependence. The largest class (92.5%) had no drug abuse/dependence.

Cannabis use and expression of mania in the general population.

Henquet, Cécile · 2006

Researchers followed 4,815 individuals aged 18-64 years in a longitudinal population-based study with assessments at baseline, one year, and three years.

Cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood.

Fergusson, David M · 2002

Across annual assessments from ages 14 to 21, more frequent cannabis use was significantly associated with property and violent crime, depression, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and other illicit drug use.

Multidimensional influences on prenatal cannabis use: A reflexive thematic analysis of low-income birthing people.

Alaniz, Kristine · 2026

Five themes emerged: pregnancy as a turning point for cannabis use, cannabis for emotional regulation, complex cannabis-mental health ties, relational influences on use, and contextual barriers to informed decision-making — with emotional regulation and mental health as the most cited drivers..

Driving after cannabis consumption among US adults ages 50 years and older: A short communication.

Bonar, Erin E · 2026

20.2% of past-year cannabis users aged 50+ reported driving within 2 hours of consumption; daily use (OR=3.31), male sex (OR=1.72), and mental health motives (OR=1.93) were independent predictors of cannabis-impaired driving..

People with psychotic disorders are the most vulnerable to cannabis adverse health outcomes: a study in WA State, USA.

Carlini, Beatriz H · 2026

People with psychotic disorders were more likely than those with other MH or no MH diagnoses to report adverse events from cannabis (p<.001), including nausea/vomiting, heart/blood pressure problems, fainting, acute psychosis, flashbacks, CHS, and high-risk cannabis use screening positive..

Cannabidiol blood metabolite levels after cannabidiol treatment are associated with broadband EEG changes and improvements in visuomotor and non-verbal cognitive abilities in boys with autism requiring higher levels of support.

Cazares, Christian · 2026

This study analyzed EEG data from 24 boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and higher support needs, drawn from a Phase II clinical trial of pharmaceutical-grade CBD (Epidiolex, up to 20 mg/kg/day). The EEG analysis went beyond traditional approaches, examining both periodic (oscillatory) and aperiodic components of brain activity.

Cannabis vaping and mental health: The association of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol with anxiety and depressive symptoms-Findings from the United States National Youth Tobacco Survey (2021-2023).

Chung, Jack · 2026

Adolescents who vaped THC only (aOR=1.40) or dual CBD/THC (aOR=1.51) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms.

Problematic social media use among recreational cannabis users in Québec: A Cross-Sectional study.

Deli-Houssein, Roni · 2026

27.9% of cannabis-using participants exhibited problematic social media use (PSMU).

Prenatal Cannabis Exposure Shaping Altered Brain Connectivity: Neural Correlates of Cognitive and Mental Health Variability in Offspring.

Fu, Zening · 2026

Drawing on the massive Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study — which enrolled 11,875 children across 22 research sites — this analysis examined how prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) relates to brain network organization, cognitive performance, and mental health in children. Using resting-state functional MRI and the NeuroMark framework to identify individualized brain connectivity networks, researchers found that children with PCE showed altered patterns of intrinsic connectivity compared to unexposed children.

Inequities in blunt use across multiple socio-demographic intersections among US adults.

Glasser, Allison M · 2026

Compared to non-Black adults with high SES, those identifying as Black/African American with low SES had 5.1 times higher odds of blunt use (aOR=5.10, 95% CI=4.16-6.26), with similar magnitudes for those with internalizing (aOR=4.83) or externalizing conditions (aOR=4.74)..

Problematic cannabis use and attachment insecurities as Joint predictors of Depression: Cross-Sectional and longitudinal models.

Gliksberg, Or · 2026

Attachment anxiety significantly moderated the cannabis-depression association at both timepoints (p=0.013 at T1, p=0.002 at T2), and a longitudinal three-way interaction (p=0.014) showed that depression increases were greatest among individuals high in both attachment anxiety and avoidance..

Nicotine and cannabis vaping among U.S. emerging young adults: Findings from 2022 and 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Kim, Nayoung · 2026

Among emerging adults, 16% reported exclusive nicotine vaping, 4.3% exclusive cannabis vaping, and 8.1% co-vaping.

Cannabis Use Among Individuals Treated with Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: Correlates, Patterns, and Motivations for Use.

Leyde, Sarah E · 2026

47.5% of MOUD patients used cannabis, 27% frequently (≥3 days/week).

Developmental windows of vulnerability: Substance-specific effects of prenatal exposure timing on child psychopathology.

Li, Qiaojun · 2026

Analyzing data from 7,777 children in the ABCD Study, researchers found that the timing of prenatal substance exposure relative to when mothers became aware of their pregnancy produced strikingly different risk patterns for each substance. For cannabis, post-awareness exposure (continued use after the mother knew she was pregnant) was specifically linked to childhood psychopathology symptoms.

Sexual diversity, adolescent mental health, and adult cannabis use: Longitudinal associations through cannabis use motives.

London-Nadeau, Kira · 2026

Depression symptoms at 17 predicted cannabis use problems at 23 among sexually diverse participants only, and this was fully mediated by coping motives.

Understanding the interplay between alcohol use, cannabis use and mental health across the lifespan: A network analysis.

Macedo, Inês · 2026

Alcohol-cannabis co-users had higher severity on all mental health symptoms vs.

Effectiveness and clinical predictors of a virtual based combined cognitive behavioral and motivational enhancement group therapy for adults with cannabis use disorder.

Mehta, Dhvani D · 2026

Among the 79 participants who completed the program (68% retention), significant reductions were observed in cannabis use frequency, quantity, craving, depression (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAD-7).

Pre-Trauma THC Use Is Associated With a Positive Posttraumatic Adjustment Scale Screening.

Miller, Jeremy · 2026

THC-positive patients were more likely to screen positive on the Posttraumatic Adjustment Scale (19.6% vs.

Tailored psychotherapy and AI-enhanced contingency management for co-occurring disorders in cannabis use disorder: a systematic review.

Mishra, Sidharth · 2026

Integrated cognitive-behavioral therapies improved psychiatric symptoms and reduced cannabis use, particularly for co-occurring depression and PTSD.

Pathways from racial/ethnic discrimination experience to cannabis use intentions: a longitudinal study of the mediating roles of perceived accessibility and harm among preteens.

Ou, Tzung-Shiang · 2026

Using structural equation modeling with data from 2,690 preteens (ages 9–13) in the ABCD Study, researchers traced a pathway from racial/ethnic discrimination to cannabis use intention. The direct effect was significant: experiencing discrimination was associated with higher cannabis use intention (β = 0.068).

Developmental Cascades From Prenatal Tobacco, Tobacco-cannabis Co-exposure to Early school-age externalizing Problems.

Perry, Kristin J · 2026

Prenatal tobacco-cannabis co-exposure (PTCE) was associated with externalizing problems through an emotion regulation pathway, while prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) alone was associated through a combined maternal negative mood and temperament pathway.

Developmental Trajectories of Positive Expectancies of Cannabis Use Effects Among Early Adolescents: Longitudinal Observational Study Using Latent Class Growth Analysis.

Qin, Weisiyu Abraham · 2026

Using three waves of longitudinal data from the ABCD Study, researchers identified distinct developmental trajectories in how early adolescents (ages 10–13) formed positive expectations about cannabis — beliefs about anticipated benefits of use that are known predictors of actual cannabis initiation. Latent class growth analysis revealed that not all adolescents follow the same path.

Parental sociodemographic profiles in relation to mental health, cannabis use motives, and cannabis use behaviors among a sample of US young adult parents.

Romm, Katelyn F · 2026

Four distinct parent profiles emerged.

Cannabis Use in a Community-Based Sample of Adults Diagnosed With ADHD: Prevalence, Impact on Symptoms, and Stimulant Side Effects.

Ryan, Jennie E · 2026

Cannabis use was highly prevalent: 75% ever used, 41% past-30-day use.

Evidence-based therapist guided introduction to online heavy cannabis use treatment in Canadian adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).

Rysen, Karli K · 2026

All participants reduced cannabis consumption frequency and problems at end of treatment (6 weeks) and follow-up (10 weeks).

Medical Cannabis Use in Autism: Insights from an Israeli HMO on Patient Characteristics and Alignment with National Guidelines.

Sadeh, Hadar · 2026

Only 1.2% of autistic individuals received medical cannabis prescriptions.

Cannabis use among Canadian veterans: associations with the use of other substances, chronic pain conditions, mental disorders, suicide behaviours, and help-seeking.

Taillieu, Tamara L · 2026

Regular cannabis use was associated with increased odds of tobacco smoking, arthritis, any chronic pain, several mental disorders, and suicidal ideation (AOR 1.61-3.99).

New treatments for OCD? Evidence for cannabinoids and psychedelics.

Van Ameringen, Michael · 2026

The evidence for cannabinoids in OCD consists of cross-sectional surveys, case reports, and very few controlled trials, and appears to indicate a lack of efficacy for both synthetic and natural cannabinoids.

Child Behavioral Scores Correlate With Prenatal Tobacco and Marijuana Exposure, Sociodemographic Variables and Interactions of Default Mode and Dorsal Attention Networks.

Vishnubhotla, Ramana V · 2026

Using data from 6,674 children in the ABCD Study, researchers examined how prenatal substance exposure related to both behavioral outcomes and brain functional connectivity. Both prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and prenatal marijuana exposure were associated with worse behavioral scores on the Child Behavior Checklist.

Household cannabis cessation and adolescent mental health outcomes in a prospective cohort study.

Wang, Ming · 2026

Using longitudinal data from the ABCD Study, researchers identified adolescents (ages 10–13) living in households where someone used cannabis, then tracked what happened to the teens' mental health when household members stopped. After propensity score matching to control for demographic and psychological differences, household cannabis cessation was associated with improvements in adolescents' internalizing problems (anxiety, depression), externalizing problems (conduct, aggression), and psychotic-like experiences. The study went further to identify potential pathways.

Cannabis use in pregnancy: Key findings from 2021-2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data.

Wysota, Christina N · 2026

Nearly 7% of pregnant participants reported current (past 30-day) cannabis use.

Adding Nuance to Understanding the Effects of Cannabis Legalization by Using Policy Bundles: A Study of Youth Mental Health.

Altaf, Shazib · 2025

Analysis of Youth Risk Behavior Survey data using a novel "policy bundles" measurement approach found that both pharmaceutical and permissive cannabis policy bundles were associated with mental health improvements in youth, while greater fiscalization (revenue-focused policy design) had a negative impact on youth mental health.

Social Determinants of Substance Use in Black Adults with Criminal Justice Contact: Do Sex, Stressors, and Sleep Matter?

Archibald, Paul · 2025

In sex-stratified analyses, lifetime marijuana use among males was associated with family stressors (APR=2.31) and sleep problems (APR=2.07).

Does Stress Explain the Effects of Sexual/Gender Minority Status on Children's Behavioral and Emotional Risk?

Assari, Shervin · 2025

SGM youth had higher odds of past suicide attempts, major depressive disorder, and future marijuana use, but not future nicotine use.

Childhood Depression, Hopelessness, and Suicidal Attempt Predict Earlier Tobacco and Marijuana Use Initiation During Adolescence.

Assari, Shervin · 2025

Baseline hopelessness, depression, and suicide attempts at ages 9-10 were all significant predictors of tobacco and marijuana use initiation at ages 14-15.

Assessing anxiety longitudinally among medical cannabis patients in Pennsylvania.

Ataiants, Janna · 2025

Latent class growth analysis identified three anxiety profiles: Minimal (43%), Moderate (36%), and Severe (21%).

Investigating the Polygenic Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Schizophrenia in the All of Us Research Program.

Austin-Zimmerman, Isabelle · 2025

Both cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia polygenic scores independently predicted schizophrenia diagnosis.

Cumulative Adverse Childhood Experiences and Frequency of Substance Use Among US High School Students.

Azagba, Sunday · 2025

Cumulative ACE scores were positively associated with cannabis use frequency among US high school students.

Neurodevelopmental effects of perinatal exposure to cannabis on progeny: A narrative review.

Azubuike, Chidimma Doris · 2025

Children exposed to cannabis prenatally consistently showed higher ADHD risk compared to unexposed children.

Perceived discrimination and coping with substance use among Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis.

Bacong, Adrian Matias · 2025

Racial/ethnic discrimination was associated only with cannabis use among Asian Americans during the pandemic, not with alcohol or tobacco.

Association of Lifetime Psychiatric Comorbidity and Current Substance Use in Methadone-Treated Individuals with Opioid Use Disorders.

Barbaglia, M Gabriela · 2025

Among 588 patients receiving opioid agonist treatment with methadone, 63.5% had a lifetime dual diagnosis and 83.5% reported past-month substance use.

Loneliness among emerging adults in rural reservation-based communities: longitudinal effects of 12th grade substance use and mental health symptoms.

Barry, Caroline M · 2025

Cannabis use in 12th grade was associated with a 21-24% increased risk of loneliness post-high school, similar to alcohol, binge drinking, and vaping.

Adolescent cannabis use and onset of bipolar disorder: gaining causal clarity by viewing the evidence through the Bradford Hill lens.

Bartoli, Francesco · 2025

Evaluation of longitudinal studies using Bradford Hill criteria found the cannabis-bipolar disorder relationship shows a dose-response gradient, strong effect size, coherence, biological plausibility, and clear temporality.

Prevalence and Patterns of Substance Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults Assigned Male at Birth and Their Relationship With Mental Health Problems.

Belloir, Joseph · 2025

Cannabis was among the most commonly used substances (alongside alcohol and tobacco) in this population.

Cannabis use characteristics and associations with problematic use outcomes, quitting-related factors, and mental health among US young adults.

Berg, Carla J · 2025

Four cannabis use classes emerged: infrequent-herb/edibles (41.4%), moderate-herb (28.0%), frequent-herb (16.8%), and moderate-oil/other (13.8%).

Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol and substance use among secondary school adolescents in central and Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

Bing, Wentrell · 2025

Male adolescents had 2.2 times the odds of marijuana use compared to females (AOR 2.21).

Racism and cannabis-related problems among Black adults who smoke cigarettes: The role of negative emotions in responses to experiencing racism.

Buckner, Julia D · 2025

More frequent racism predicted greater cannabis-related problems.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cannabis Use Among US Adults: Do Poor Health and Disability Influence Types of Cannabis Use?

Chapple, Constance L · 2025

ACEs were significantly associated with cannabis use overall; however, disability and poor health fully accounted for the association between ACEs and medical cannabis use specifically..

Investigating the Relationship Between Cannabis Expectancies and Anxiety, Depression, and Pain Responses After Acute Flower and Edible Cannabis Use.

Chen, Margy Y · 2025

More positive health expectancies correlated with greater tension reduction in both flower and edible users; edible users with stronger expectancies also showed greater elation increases and pain reductions; domain-specific expectancies predicted corresponding outcomes..

Polysubstance use and mental health among young adults.

Chopra, Rajit · 2025

No dose-response between substance count and mental health; cannabis-nicotine had strongest negative associations (anxiety b=2.58, PMH b=-5.90); alcohol-nicotine also linked to lower positive mental health..

Examining the Relationship of Cannabis use Patterns, Mental Health, and Sociodemographic Factors: A Focus on Cannabis Vaping, Smoking and Dual-Use.

Chung, Jack Y C · 2025

Dual-use (20% of users) associated with severe externalizing symptoms (OR 1.89); vaping-only (9.1%) associated with White race (OR 3.90) and higher income (OR 2.56) vs smoking-only; over 56% smoked only..

Seeking relief or fueling the fire? Understanding the complex role of cannabis in PTSD, stress, and sleep dysregulation.

Davis, Jordan P · 2025

Day-to-day analysis showed elevated PTSD symptoms and poor sleep predicted greater stress the next day.

Daily associations between sleep quality, stress, and cannabis or alcohol use among veterans.

Davis, Jordan P · 2025

Within-day: higher cannabis use was associated with lower stress and better sleep quality that same night.

The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.

de Bode, Nora · 2025

High doses of CBD provided some acute relief in anxiety disorders.

Cannabis Use During Pregnancy Correlates With Adverse Maternal Mental Health Outcomes: A Retrospective Study.

Dereschuk, Kypros J · 2025

Cannabis use during pregnancy was associated with significantly elevated risks across all four mental health outcomes: depression (RR 2.66), panic disorder (RR 5.47), suicidal ideation (RR 10.67), and alcohol abuse (RR 13.57).

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and suicide risk in individuals with diabetes and Cannabis use disorder.

Dhruva, Yesh · 2025

GLP-1 RA use was associated with lower suicide attempt risk (aHR 0.63).

Associations of maternal peripregnancy cannabis use with behavioral and developmental outcomes in children with and without symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: Study to Explore Early Development.

DiGuiseppi, Carolyn · 2025

Preconception-only cannabis use was associated with more aggressive behavior, emotional reactivity, and sleep problems specifically in children with ASD symptoms, but not in children without.

Changes in cannabis attitudes and perceptions in the five years following recreational legalization in Canada: Findings from an observational cohort study of community adults.

Doggett, Amanda · 2025

Social acceptability of any recreational use (OR 1.06) and trying cannabis (OR 1.02) increased over time.

Safety considerations for patients using cannabis.

Dugan, Sara E · 2025

The review identifies four major safety domains: (1) cannabis effects on mood symptoms beyond the well-known psychoactive effects, (2) associations with suicidal ideation that are still being uncovered, (3) cardiovascular system effects that extend beyond the central nervous system, and (4) clinically significant drug interactions that may affect patients on other medications..

Regular cannabis use and promotive attitudes among diverse adolescents in the United States: The role of age and intersecting social positions.

Eisenberg, Marla E · 2025

24.8% of 8th graders who identified as American Indian/Alaska Native or multiracial, gay/lesbian/bisexual/queer, and living in high poverty reported regular cannabis use, compared to 1.8% of 8th graders overall..

Cannabis use and binge eating among young adults: The role of depressive symptoms.

Elran-Barak, Roni · 2025

Female cannabis users had a 24% binge eating rate compared to 13% among non-users (p<0.001).

Patterns of substance use and initiation among LGBTQIAPN+ youth in Brazil: Evidence from a population-based cohort.

Figueiredo, Caio Petrus Monteiro · 2025

LGBTQ+ adolescents in Brazil had significantly higher lifetime prevalence of cannabis use (OR=1.94) and tobacco use (OR=1.66) compared to cisgender heterosexual peers.

Family incarceration and adolescent nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use: A coarsened exact matching approach.

Forster, Myriam · 2025

Using coarsened exact matching, family incarceration was associated with higher odds of early cannabis initiation (OR=1.63), past 30-day cannabis (OR=1.71), early alcohol initiation (OR=2.54), current alcohol (OR=2.11), and nicotine (OR=1.72)..

A quantitative projection of the net health effects of cannabis legalization in Germany.

Gandjour, Afschin · 2025

Projected 400,000-800,000 new users and ~2,300 additional severe mental health cases.

Cannabis Use and Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Cancer Survivors.

Gao, May Z · 2025

Among nearly 8,000 cancer survivors, those with four or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) had 4.1 times greater odds of cannabis use compared to those with zero ACEs, with a clear dose-response pattern..

Multi-level socioeconomic modifiers of the comorbidity of post-traumatic stress and tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use: the importance of income.

Garrison-Desany, Henri M · 2025

Among nearly 3,000 trauma survivors, PTS symptoms were significantly associated with tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use.

Sex-dependent effects of stress on aIC-NAc circuit neuroplasticity: Role of the endocannabinoid system.

Gauthier, Manon · 2025

Under basal conditions, males showed equal proportions of LTP and LTD in the insular cortex-to-NAc pathway, while females predominantly showed LTP.

Rasch Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in an Adult Inpatient Sample.

Gendy, Marie N S · 2025

The DSM-5 CUD criteria fit the Rasch model well overall, supporting unidimensionality.

Coordinated epigenetic dysregulation of CNR1 and FAAH genes drives endocannabinoid system dysfunction in anorexia nervosa.

Gilardini, Federica · 2025

A novel bidirectional epigenetic dysregulation was discovered: CNR1 (cannabinoid receptor 1) promoter hypermethylation coupled with FAAH (endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme) promoter hypomethylation.

Examining the Role of Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty in Terms of Cannabis Use and Coping Motives for Cannabis Use in College Students With Clinically Elevated Worry.

Goldblum, Rachel S · 2025

Greater anxiety sensitivity was significantly associated with more frequent past-month cannabis use (explaining 4.4% of variance) and stronger coping motives for use (4.9% of variance).

Psychedelic risks and benefits: A cross-sectional survey study.

Goldy, Sean P · 2025

Psychedelic experiences had greater acute challenging effects and persisting negative effects compared to cannabis, but also greater positive acute and persisting effects.

Impulsivity traits moderate the longitudinal association between mental health and hazardous cannabis use in emerging adults.

González-Roz, Alba · 2025

In a sample of 2,762 college students tracked over one year, anxiety at the midpoint predicted hazardous cannabis use at the final assessment.

The role of bias-based bullying in regular cannabis use among adolescents.

Gower, Amy L · 2025

Among 82,933 Minnesota students, regular cannabis use prevalence was dramatically higher among youth with minoritized identities who experienced bias-based bullying compared to peers with the same identities who did not.

An Analysis of 16-Year Trends in Cannabis Use Disorder Treatment: Predictors, Barriers, and Utilization Patterns.

Graves, Brian D · 2025

Across three national survey time points (2003, 2011, 2019), CUD treatment utilization decreased while most individuals meeting diagnostic criteria did not receive treatment.

Hazardous Drinking and Cannabis Use in Military Veterans: Comparative Associations with Risk for Suicidal and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury.

Grove, Jeremy L · 2025

Veterans who used both cannabis and alcohol hazardously had greater odds of suicidal ideation and elevated suicide risk than any other group, including those who used either substance alone.

Examining bidirectional associations between cannabis use and internalizing symptoms among high-risk emerging adults: A prospective cohort study.

Halladay, Jillian · 2025

Using seven assessments over two years, significant bidirectional within-person relationships were found between cannabis consequences and internalizing symptoms, but the primary direction was from cannabis consequences to increased depressive symptoms, not from depression to increased cannabis use.

Racial Trauma among Multi-Ethnic Minority Young Adults Affects Nicotine, Alcohol, and Cannabis Use Differently than among Mono-Ethnic Minority Young Adults.

Huh, Jimi · 2025

Among 59,529 racial/ethnic minority young adults, psychological well-being (PWB) was associated with fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms and lower substance use counts.

Diversity in adversity: Racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between domains of adverse childhood experiences and nicotine, cannabis, and opioids use in young adults.

Jacobs, Wura · 2025

Among 2,207 young adults, significant racial/ethnic differences existed in overall ACE scores and household dysfunction.

Associations between big five personality dimensions and lifetime use of cannabis.

Jain, Tanya · 2025

Patients with lifetime CUD scored significantly lower on conscientiousness and agreeableness and higher on open-mindedness compared to those without CUD, after controlling for age, sex, and other substance use disorders.

The Association Between Substance Use and Suicidality Among Women Veterans, 2015 to 2019: A Secondary Analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Kameg, Brayden · 2025

Women veterans had increased odds of suicidality compared to peers.

Wisconsin Young Adults' Attitudes, Beliefs, Motivations, and Behaviors Surrounding E-Cigarette Use and Cessation.

Kaye, Jesse T · 2025

This survey of 480 Wisconsin residents ages 18–24 who vaped nicotine reveals a population that is motivated to quit but deeply divided on how. The headline: 80% wanted support to quit vaping.

Recent cannabis use affects the association between baseline immune markers and long-term outcomes in psychosis.

Kreis, Isabel · 2025

Only sTNFR1 independently predicted lower risk of psychiatric readmission and psychotic episodes over 10 years.

Back on track: Feasibility and efficacy randomized trial of a two-week online self-guided intervention for cannabis use reduction.

Kroon, E · 2025

The MCII group achieved objective reduction goals at 69%, vs.

High-Potency Cannabis Use and Health: A Systematic Review of Observational and Experimental Studies.

Lake, Stephanie · 2025

Of 42 eligible studies, most addressed mental health, problematic cannabis use, and other substance use.

Proportions and correlates of high-risk cannabis use in Australia-A cross-sectional analysis of the 2022-2023 National Drug Strategy Household Survey.

Leung, Janni · 2025

Among 1,504 recent cannabis users, 71.6% were low/no risk, 22.2% were moderate risk, and 6.2% were high risk.

Time Spent on Social Media and the Risk of Substance Use Among US Adolescents.

Li, Xiao · 2025

Among 4,769 adolescents followed over multiple years, social media time predicted later substance use.

Exploring Factors Shaping Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Sexual Minority Adolescents.

Lin, Meng-Yun · 2025

Exposure to e-cigarette or cigarette use at home or in vehicles was the leading factor associated with smoking and vaping across all groups, explaining up to 44% of predicted variance.

Cannabis Policies, Cannabis, and Opioids in Suicide and Undetermined Intent Death.

Lira, Marlene C · 2025

Cannabis involvement in death was associated with increased odds of opioid involvement (AOR=1.29).

Brief mindfulness intervention for adults with cannabis use disorder: A randomised clinical trial.

Lorenzetti, Valentina · 2025

There were no significant intervention-by-time effects on the primary outcome of cannabis use frequency, nor on secondary outcomes including quantity, cravings, relaxation, or mindfulness scores.

Comparing the prevalence of substance use disorders between persons with and without autism spectrum disorders.

Lushin, Victor · 2025

By 2016, 7% of Medicaid beneficiaries with autism and no intellectual disability had at least one substance use disorder diagnosis, up from 1.75% in 2012 data.

Suicidal Ideation in Medicinal Cannabis Patients: A 12-Month Prospective Study.

Lynskey, M T · 2025

At treatment entry, 25% of patients reported suicidal ideation.

The Causal Effect of Social Isolation on Cannabis Use Disorder and the Mediating Role of Depression: Evidence From a Mendelian Randomization Study.

Ma, Tao · 2025

Mendelian randomization analysis showed social isolation was causally associated with a 4.29-fold increased risk of cannabis use disorder (OR=4.29, 95% CI: 1.35-13.64).

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with overdose among patients with a substance-related diagnosis in the emergency department of Southern California.

Maila, Brian · 2025

Cannabis-related diagnosis was associated with 21% higher odds of overdose (aOR=1.21, p<0.05), similar to opioid-related diagnosis (aOR=1.14).

Effects of Cannabinoids on Emotional States and Alcohol Use Among Underrepresented Groups: Moderation by Perceived Discrimination.

Martin-Willett, Renée · 2025

Participants using CBD showed greater decreases in DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) scores compared to THC users over 4 weeks.

Gender differences in circumstances associated with cannabis use.

Martin, Erin L · 2025

Women scored higher on four of eight IDTS subscales related to negative affect: conflict with others, testing personal control, physical discomfort, and unpleasant emotions.

Cannabis Use and Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy Are Associated with Poorer Postpartum Mental Health.

Marvin, Matthew J · 2025

Cannabis use during pregnancy was significantly associated with elevated postpartum PTSD (beta = 0.25) and depression symptoms, independent of IPV victimization.

Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health in Patients Accessing Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.

Matheson, Justin · 2025

Cannabis use was significantly associated with trauma history and several psychiatric diagnoses including anxiety and depression, with the highest prevalence in current users.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Cannabis-Related Mental Disorders and an Examination of Factors Influencing Their Access to Medical and Nonmedical Resources: Comparison of Methamphetamine-Related Mental Disorders.

Matsumoto, Toshihiko · 2025

Cannabis patients (n=82) were younger than methamphetamine patients (n=208), had fewer drug-related criminal offences, less incarceration history, fewer comorbid psychiatric disorders, and less severe substance use disorder.

Substance use and mental health factors associated with self-reported higher risk cannabis use among people with HIV screened in primary care.

Mian, Maha N · 2025

Of 973 people with HIV, 35.9% screened positive for higher risk of cannabis use disorder.

Understanding the Relationships between ADHD Symptoms and Cannabis-Related Consequences among Young Adults.

Minister, Claire · 2025

In 160 young adult cannabis users, inattentive symptoms directly predicted occupational/academic problems, self-care deficits, and blackouts from cannabis, independent of consumption amount.

Correlates of Recreational and Medicinal Cannabis Use Among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Men with Chronic Conditions.

Montemayor, Benjamin N · 2025

Of 1,982 non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions, 21.3% reported past 30-day cannabis use.

Risk of Cannabis Use Disorder in Chronic Pain: Longitudinal Links to Pain Outcomes.

Mun, Chung Jung · 2025

Among 1,453 chronic pain patients followed for 2 years, 36.3% used cannabis and 39.8% of users showed high CUD risk.

Age-Related Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids on Brain and Behavior.

Murray, Conor H · 2025

Recent epidemiological data suggest a potential reversal in escalating cannabis use rates among pregnant women and adolescents, but use among older adults continues to climb with low risk perception.

Prenatal Cannabis and Tobacco Co-Exposure and Its Association with Behavioural Outcomes in Middle Childhood: Co-exposition prénatale au cannabis et au tabac et son association avec les résultats comportementaux au cours de l'enfance intermédiaire.

Nadler, Emma · 2025

Prenatal co-exposure to cannabis and tobacco was associated with significantly greater externalizing behavior problems (aggression, rule-breaking) compared to either substance alone.

Cannabis expectancies mediate the association between social media use and cannabis experimentation in early adolescents: A prospective cohort study.

Nagata, Jason M · 2025

Daily social media time at Year 2 (around age 12) was significantly associated with cannabis experimentation at Year 4 (around age 14).

Cyberbullying, mental health, and substance use experimentation among early adolescents: a prospective cohort study.

Nagata, Jason M · 2025

Cyberbullying victimization at ages 11-12 was prospectively associated with cannabis experimentation one year later (AOR 4.65, 95% CI 2.46-8.77), along with alcohol (AOR 1.98) and nicotine experimentation (AOR 3.37).

Prospective association between screen use modalities and substance use experimentation in early adolescents.

Nagata, Jason M · 2025

Each additional hour of social media (AOR 1.20) and texting (AOR 1.18) was associated with higher odds of any substance experimentation one year later.

Gender Differences in Cannabis as a Mediator Between Distress Factors and Non-Fatal Suicidal Behaviors.

Nayeem, Nawar · 2025

Cannabis use mediated 2.3% of the effect of depression on suicidal ideation in women versus 1.2% in men, and 1.7% versus 1.0% for suicide attempts.

Gender differences in non-fatal suicidal behaviors linked to concurrent use of cannabis and opioids.

Nayeem, Nawar · 2025

Cannabis and opioid co-use was associated with a smaller-than-expected (sub-additive) increase in non-fatal suicidal behaviors overall (interaction beta=-0.58, p<0.001) and especially in women (beta=-0.87, p<0.001).

Recreational Marijuana Laws and suicide deaths in the US.

Nayeem, Nawar · 2025

RMLs were associated with a statistically significant increase of 0.68 suicide deaths per 100,000 population overall.

Cannabis use in adolescence and young adulthood and its effects on brain structure and function: a scoping review.

Nosko, Lilith · 2025

Of 99 studies meeting inclusion criteria (from 3,901 initially screened), 84 (85%) found differences in brain structure, function, and/or metabolite concentrations in cannabis users aged 14-25 compared to non-using controls.

Chronic Disease Symptoms Self-Managed by Cannabis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study.

O'Dell, Nicole · 2025

Of 1,466 cannabis users with chronic conditions, 90.9% reported using cannabis medicinally.

The association between cannabis use and suicidal intensity in psychiatric inpatients.

Oladunjoye, Adeolu Funso · 2025

Cannabis use was associated with lower suicidal ideation intensity for females (p=.026) but not males (p=.525).

Cannabis and tobacco use in bipolar disorder: Associations with early onset, psychotic symptoms, and relapse risk (2015-2019).

Olivier, Luis · 2025

Cannabis was associated with earlier onset of bipolar disorder, current manic polarity, presence of psychotic symptoms, and higher likelihood of discontinuing treatment.

Mental Health, Substance Use, and Related Factors Associated with Recent Use of Cannabis for Sleep: A Co-Twin Control Study.

Panchal, Zoë · 2025

In co-twin control analyses that account for genetic and shared environmental factors, using cannabis for sleep remained significantly associated with more cannabis use problems, higher cannabis frequency, worse sleep quality, and more frequent use of alcohol and sleep medications.

Suicide Attempts in an Italian Population with Cannabis Use Disorders: Results of a Follow-Up Study.

Pavarin, Raimondo Maria · 2025

The crude suicide attempt rate among people with cannabis use disorder was 2.5 per 1,000 person-years, over 22 times higher than the general population.

Alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and eating disorder symptoms among male and female college students.

Pedersen, Eric R · 2025

About one-third (32.4%) of the sample screened positive for an eating disorder.

Discrimination experiences and problematic alcohol and cannabis use in young adulthood.

Perez, Lilian G · 2025

Race-based and gender-based discrimination, as well as experiencing multiple types of discrimination, were associated with worse cannabis use outcomes including more consequences, higher use disorder scores, and more solitary use.

Examining dynamic patterns of problematic cannabis use: Results from a multilevel network analysis.

Piccirillo, Marilyn L · 2025

Multilevel network analysis of 3,230 daily observations revealed consistent, clinically meaningful associations between socioenvironmental triggers (being around other users, availability) and cannabis cravings, use, and intoxication.

Prenatal Cannabis Use and Depressive Symptoms.

Pitt, Taylor L · 2025

Among 8,424 pregnant women in the nuMoM2b study, any cannabis exposure was not significantly associated with later depressive symptoms (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 0.97-1.6).

What are the factors associated with alcohol, cigarette and marijuana use among adolescents in Africa? Evidence from the Global School-based Health Survey.

Pokothoane, Retselisitsoe · 2025

Among school-going adolescents (ages 11-16) across 25 African countries, marijuana use prevalence was 3.4% (95% CI 2.7-4.2%).

The Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Schizophrenia As a Risk Factor or For Its Therapeutic Potential: A Systematic Review of Evidence.

Rajput, Jaisingh · 2025

The cannabis-schizophrenia relationship is one of the most polarized debates in psychiatric research.

Self-disturbance in first-episode psychosis: Theoretical framework and potential cannabis interactions - a systematic review.

Ricci, Valerio · 2025

Among 3,847 participants across 22 studies, daily high-potency cannabis use was associated with 3.21-fold increased odds of clinically significant dissociation (95% CI 2.14-4.82) and more severe anomalous self-experiences.

Effects of persistent cannabis use on depression, psychosis, and suicidality following cannabis-induced psychosis: A longitudinal study.

Ricci, Valerio · 2025

Among 44 patients (22 cannabis users, 22 non-users) followed for 9 months after cannabis-induced FEP, continued cannabis users had persistently higher depression scores (p=0.0000001 at 9 months), suicidality (p<0.001), and PANSS positive scores (p<0.0002) compared to those who stopped.

Cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences: A systematic review of biological vulnerability, potency effects, and clinical trajectories.

Ricci, Valerio · 2025

Across 38 studies, four major risk factor categories emerged for psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in non-clinical populations: biological vulnerabilities (metabolic profiles, genetics, neurobiology), substance use patterns (especially high-potency cannabis), socio-demographic factors (digital media, ethnic density, gender), and downstream consequences (suicidal behavior, cognitive impairment).

High-Intensity Exercise and Hippocampal Integrity in Adults With Cannabis Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Richardson, Karyn E · 2025

Hippocampal integrity (a composite of brain volume, structural connectivity, and neurochemistry) did not improve after 12 weeks of HIIT compared to strength training in adults with moderate to severe CUD.

Associations Between Moderately Severe to Severe Depression and Marijuana Usage Among Black Male Collegians: Results from the Healthy Minds Study.

Richardson, Terrell T · 2025

Logistic regression analysis of 1,599 Black male collegians found that recent marijuana use increased the likelihood of experiencing moderately severe to severe depression by 77%.

Medicinal cannabis in the management of anxiety disorders: A systematic review.

Roberts, Leah · 2025

This review examined 57 studies on medicinal cannabis for diagnosed anxiety disorders.

Polygenic and Polyenvironment Interplay in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder and Affective Psychosis; the EUGEI First Episode Study.

Rodriguez, Victoria · 2025

In 573 first-episode psychosis cases and 1,005 controls, polygenic risk for schizophrenia was the strongest genetic predictor of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, with a notably larger effect in people not exposed to strong environmental risks like frequent cannabis use (OR 2.43 unexposed vs 1.35 exposed).

Adverse childhood experiences, resilience, and cannabis use in early motherhood.

Roland, Alysa · 2025

In 126 predominantly low-income mothers followed through three years postpartum, the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cannabis use depended on resilience level.

Endocannabinoids, depression, and treatment resistance: Perspectives on effective therapeutic interventions.

Rosa, Ilenia · 2025

This review synthesizes evidence that diverse non-monoaminergic treatments for treatment-resistant depression all influence the endocannabinoid system.

Patients' Health-Related Quality of Life and Use of Medicinal Cannabis: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Rosenbæk, Frederik · 2025

Among 9,265 Danish patients, medical cannabis users had a QALY score of 0.44 compared to 0.74 for non-users (general adult population: 0.87).

"Those pot heads" - perceived external stigma and self-stigma among cannabis users in Germany: prevalence and associations with socio-demographics, cannabis use patterns and psychological distress.

Rosenkranz, Moritz · 2025

Among 684 regular cannabis users in Germany (surveyed before legalization), 30.6% perceived external stigmatization and 22.1% reported self-stigma.

The Complex Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health: Considering the Influence of Cannabis Use Patterns and Individual Factors.

Sagar, Kelly A · 2025

This review highlights that seemingly contradictory findings in cannabis-mental health research are largely explained by unmeasured variables.

Validation of the Spanish version of the multifaceted empathy test: comparison between cannabis use effects and controls in social cognition.

Sainz-Cort, Alberto · 2025

116 participants from a Cannabis Social Club completed empathy tests under the effects of cannabis and were compared to 86 sober university students.

Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences among individuals in treatment for substance use disorder: are ACE associated differently across type of abuse and quantity of consumption?

Sandgård Poulsen, Helena · 2025

Among women in treatment, parental cannabis abuse and physical abuse during childhood were significantly associated with high cannabis use.

The association of witnessing violence with alcohol and cannabis expectancies among Black, Latinx, and White youth: considering neighborhood context.

Sartor, Carolyn E · 2025

Across all neighborhood types, youth who witnessed violence had elevated positive cannabis expectancies (betas: 0.20-0.38).

The associations between traumatic experiences and trajectories of substance use in adolescence and young adulthood - the role of acute neuroendocrine and subjective stress reactivity.

Schmengler, Heiko · 2025

Traumatic experiences before age 16 increased the risk of cannabis use trajectories characterized by early initiation and escalation, as well as consistently low-level use and later-escalation patterns, compared to no use.

Evaluating the relationship between marijuana use, aggressive behaviors, and victimization: an epidemiological study in colombian adolescents.

Scoppetta, Orlando · 2025

Exclusive marijuana users had higher odds of aggression compared to non-drug users, but lower odds than polydrug users.

Mood instability as a transdiagnostic predictor of cannabis use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression: A natural language processing analysis of electronic health records from 13,025 adolescents.

Seker, Asilay · 2025

Mood instability was associated with increased cannabis use in both ADHD (aOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.41-1.84) and depression (aOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.57) after adjustment for covariates.

Cannabis use, risk of cannabis use disorder, and anxiety and depression among bisexual patients: A comparative study of sex and sexual identity differences in a large health system.

Setrakian, Naira · 2025

Bisexual patients had higher odds of cannabis use than gay/lesbian patients (females: aOR 1.67; males: aOR 1.47).

Cannabis use and suicide: a case-control study based on integrative data analysis.

Shi, Qiongyu · 2025

Toxicology-verified cannabis use was associated with 83% increased odds of suicide (aOR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.36-2.31), independent of alcohol use, which showed a 20-fold increase in suicide odds..

Pre-trauma insomnia and posttraumatic alcohol and cannabis use in the AURORA observational cohort study of trauma survivors.

Short, Nicole A · 2025

Pre-trauma insomnia symptoms significantly predicted heavy cannabis use at 8 weeks post-trauma, even after controlling for pre-trauma substance use, demographics, and trauma severity.

Anxiety sensitivity and cannabis use: A systematic review and conceptualization of research findings.

Short, Nicole A · 2025

Elevated anxiety sensitivity was directly associated with greater coping-oriented and potentially problematic cannabis use, but not with lifetime cannabis use or overall use frequency.

Associations of Local Cannabis Policy and Retail Availability in Northern California with Adverse Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes.

Silver, Lynn D · 2025

Banning storefront cannabis retail was associated with 48% lower prevalence of psychotic disorders (aPR 0.52).

Understanding the role of cannabis in patients with suicidal ideation presenting to the emergency department: systematic chart review.

Simmons, Maria · 2025

The number of ED encounters and suicidality-related ED encounters following the index visit were significantly higher in the immediate post-legalization cohort compared to the two-years-later cohort.

Exploring Pathways from Childhood Adversity to Substance Use in Young Adults.

Sinkevicius, Liudas Vincentas · 2025

Sexual abuse predicted higher levels of cannabis, alcohol, nicotine, and heavy psychoactive substance use.

Longitudinal study of risk factors predicting cannabis use disorder in UK young adults and adolescents.

Skumlien, Martine · 2025

Adolescent age (OR 3.26, p<0.001) and baseline CUD (OR 45.15, p<0.001) predicted higher CUD levels at 12-month follow-up.

Alcohol and substance use differentially impact suicidal ideation in a longitudinal cohort of bipolar disorder.

Smith, Julia L · 2025

When a person had more frequent and intense cannabis use compared to their average, they had higher suicidal ideation at the next timepoint.

Self-administered complementary and alternative methods of treating mental disorders among students in Wrocław: a cross-sectional study.

Sobieraj, Jakub · 2025

31.3% of students used marijuana as a complementary therapy.

Are reasons for first using cannabis associated with subsequent cannabis consumption (standard THC units) and psychopathology?

Spinazzola, Edoardo · 2025

Starting cannabis for anxiety, depression, or because family members used it was associated with higher weekly THC consumption.

Protective factors for psychological wellbeing: A cross-sectional study of young people attending an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare service.

Spurling, Geoffrey K P · 2025

72.1% of youth were not experiencing depression.

Associations between cannabis use frequency and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A clinical longitudinal sibling study.

Stern, Elisa F · 2025

Cannabis use was not associated with suicidality (all p's > 0.05) in cross-sectional or prospective models accounting for within-family clustering.

Comorbid Cannabis Use and Mood Disorders Among Adolescents.

Strong, Stephane J · 2025

Adolescents with mood disorders have higher rates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder.

Correlates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder among adolescents with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).

Sultan, Alysha A · 2025

Cannabis use was most prevalent in adolescents with MDD, followed by BD, then controls.

Maternal perinatal cannabis use disorder and the risk of anxiety disorders in offspring: Insights from a longitudinal data-linkage cohort study.

Tadesse, Abay Woday · 2025

Offspring exposed to maternal CUD prenatally had 79% increased risk of any anxiety disorder (aRR 1.79), with specific increases for PTSD (aRR 2.46), GAD (aRR 2.18), and childhood anxiety disorders (aRR 1.91).

Maternal cannabis use disorder and offspring behavioral outcomes: findings from a linked data cohort study.

Tadesse, Abay Woday · 2025

Maternal CUD during pregnancy was associated with significantly higher risk of disruptive behavioral disorders in offspring: antenatal CUD (RR 3.56, CI 2.42-5.05), perinatal CUD (RR 3.55, CI 2.45-4.98), and postnatal CUD (RR 2.95, CI 1.23-6.16).

Predictors of perinatal cannabis use in colorado and the association with depression during pregnancy.

Teano, Valerie J · 2025

13.3% (15,585) reported perinatal cannabis use.

Understanding Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among LGBTQ + Youth: Differential Associations Between Bullying and Substance Use.

Tiedge, Cayson W · 2025

Bullied LGBTQ+ youth had 2.71 times higher odds of planning suicide attempts.

The impact of childhood trauma and cannabis use on paranoia: a structural equation model approach.

Trotta, Giulia · 2025

Cannabis use alone was not significantly associated with paranoia (p=0.18).

Psychosocial correlates of alcohol and substance use in college youth with type 1 diabetes.

Tsevat, Rebecca K · 2025

41.3% reported marijuana use.

Associations of Disability and Social Support with Cannabis Use Among Adults with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms.

Vogel, Erin A · 2025

A significant interaction between disability and social support showed that social support was associated with lower odds of medical cannabis use among those without disability (p=0.038), but had no effect on medical cannabis use among those with disability (p=0.525).

Concurrent Experience of Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms and Problematic Substance Use During the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Canadian Adults: Evidence from a Repeated Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.

Ahmed, Md Sabbir · 2024

Concurrent poor mental health and problematic substance use were prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Substance Use Disorder and Suicidal Ideation in Rural Maryland.

Ahuja, Manik · 2024

Cannabis use disorder was positively associated with suicidal ideation in rural Maryland emergency department visits (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.37-5.18), though its association was smaller than that of major depressive disorder (OR 79.3), alcohol use disorder (OR 6.87), or opioid use disorder (OR 5.39)..

Clinical and lifestyle predictors of loneliness: A two-year longitudinal study.

Antonelli-Salgado, Thyago · 2024

Cannabis use was significantly associated with higher loneliness risk (RR 1.750, 95% CI 1.25-2.39, p<0.001) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

Cannabis Use and Its Impact on Mental Health in Youth in Australia and the United States: A Scoping Review.

Baral, Aayush · 2024

Cannabis use in youth was associated with depression, psychosis, suicide, cannabis use disorder, cognitive decline, and externalizing behaviors (particularly ADHD).

Cannabis Laws and Utilization of Medications for the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders.

Bradford, Ashley C · 2024

Medical cannabis laws were associated with a 12.4% reduction in benzodiazepine fill rates, and recreational laws with a 15.2% reduction.

Sex Moderates Associations Between Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation and Problematic Cannabis Use.

Cavalli, Jessica M · 2024

Male cannabis users reported greater emotion dysregulation across almost all dimensions.

Mental and Physical Health-Related Cannabis Motives Mediate the Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Problematic Cannabis Use over Time among Emerging Adult Cannabis Users.

Conn, Bridgid M · 2024

Cannabis use to cope with nausea, sleep, pain, and emotional distress mediated relationships between childhood abuse types and problematic cannabis use at follow-up.

Does medicinal cannabis affect depression, anxiety, and stress in people with cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies.

Crichton, Megan · 2024

No clinically significant effects on depression, anxiety, or stress.

The Relationship Between Rates of Cannabis Use and Covid-19 Infection Rates During the Pandemic: An Analysis of Canada's National Cannabis Survey.

Cullen, Greggory · 2024

Higher regional COVID-19 infection rates were independently associated with both greater likelihood of cannabis use and higher frequency of use, even after controlling for age, gender, SES, mental health, cannabis store density, and pre-pandemic use prevalence.

Longitudinal associations between insomnia, cannabis use and stress among US veterans.

Davis, Jordan P · 2024

Higher prior insomnia levels predicted greater increases in perceived stress.

Marijuana use among community-dwelling older adults: A population-based study.

De Genna, Natacha M · 2024

Cannabis research in older adults has mostly relied on convenience samples — people recruited from dispensaries or cannabis clinics who are already enthusiastic users.

Cannabis use influences disorganized symptoms severity but not transition in a cohort of non-help-seeking individuals at-risk for psychosis from São Paulo, Brazil.

de Medeiros, Matheus Wanderley · 2024

In a community sample of 109 at-risk individuals and 197 controls from Sao Paulo, Brazil, cannabis use patterns did not differ between the two groups and did not predict transition to psychiatric disorders.

The company you keep: The neglected role of affiliating with delinquent friends in the development of the cannabis-violence link.

Dugré, Jules R · 2024

Both cannabis use and delinquent peer affiliation were independently associated with aggression in GEE models.

Psychosocial Effects of Frequent Cannabis Smoking in Adolescent Women of Color: Results from a Prospective Cohort of Inner-City Youth.

Duroseau, Nathalie · 2024

Using cannabis 20+ times monthly was associated with 2.71 times higher odds of school suspension, increased depressive symptoms, and increased delinquent behaviors.

Depression screening outcomes among adolescents, young adults, and adults reporting past 30-day tobacco and cannabis use.

Gaiha, Shivani Mathur · 2024

Co-use of tobacco and cannabis was associated with higher odds of depression screening positive compared to tobacco-only (aOR 1.32) and cannabis-only (aOR 1.94) use.

Post-traumatic stress and future substance use outcomes: leveraging antecedent factors to stratify risk.

Garrison-Desany, Henri M · 2024

The link between PTSD and substance use is well-established, but most studies look backward — asking people who already have both conditions about their history.

Avatar Intervention in Virtual Reality for Cannabis Use Disorder in Individuals With Severe Mental Disorders: Results From a 1-Year, Single-Arm Clinical Trial.

Giguere, Sabrina · 2024

Significant reductions in cannabis quantity were maintained through 12-month follow-up (d=0.804, p<0.001), confirmed by urine quantification.

Adolescent-onset cannabis use and parenting young children: an investigation of differential effectiveness of a digital parenting intervention.

Hails, Katherine A · 2024

Among 356 parents of children ages 1.5-5, those who began regular cannabis use as adolescents had higher anxiety and depression symptoms regardless of current use.

Latent Class Groups of Concurrent Substance Use Among Adolescents in an Urban Community: Correlates With Mental Health, Access to Drugs and Alcohol, and Risk Perception.

Lardier, David T · 2024

Five latent classes were identified: predominant alcohol use (11.9%), concurrent drug and alcohol use with methamphetamine and marijuana (4.2%), concurrent drug and alcohol use without marijuana (11.4%), high concurrent drug and alcohol use (11.4%), and concurrent drug use without alcohol (61.5%).

Light Cannabis Use and the Adolescent Brain: An 8-years Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health, Cognition, and Reward Processing.

Macedo, Inês · 2024

Teens who used cannabis weekly or monthly between ages 19 and 22 showed more conduct problems than non-users, but no differences in cognitive performance or reward-related brain activity.

Can the THC concentration predict the number of patients with cannabis-related diagnoses?

Manthey, Jakob · 2024

Using health insurance data from 2009-2021 and THC data from law enforcement, each one percentage point increase in median THC concentration predicted a higher proportion of cannabis users receiving an F12 diagnosis.

High Risk or Risky Highs: Understanding the Links Between Alcohol and Cannabis Use on the Transition From Suicidal Ideation to Attempts in Australian Men.

Mason, Andre · 2024

In 7,464 Australian men, cannabis use significantly predicted transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt.

Co-morbid cannabis use disorder and chronotype are associated with mood symptom onset in people with bipolar disorder.

Miranda, Alannah · 2024

Lower morningness (evening chronotype) and CUD were independently associated with earlier age of mood symptom onset in bipolar disorder.

Relationships Between Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, Cannabis-Use Onset and Emotional and Related Characteristics in Young/Emerging Adults.

Morie, Kristen P · 2024

Individuals with prenatal cocaine exposure used cannabis at younger ages, had greater cannabis use severity, and showed higher impulsivity, state anxiety, and alexithymia.

Cannabis use and its association with psychopathological symptoms in a Swiss adult population: a cross-sectional analysis.

Mosandl, Christoph Felix · 2024

After adjusting for age, gender, education, alcohol, and other substance use, only depression and ADHD remained significantly associated with both frequency (p=.006, p=.034) and quantity (p=.037, p=.019).

Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Selected Mental Illnesses: Practical Approach and Overview of the Literature.

Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R · 2024

Increasing evidence supports cannabinoids for ASD, Tourette syndrome, anxiety disorders, and PTSD.

Clinical outcome analysis of patients with multiple sclerosis - Analysis from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry.

Murphy, Matthew · 2024

At 6 months, significant improvements in MSQoL-54 subscales: cognitive function, mental health composite, physical health, role limitations, social and sexual function.

Clinical and public safety risks associated with cannabis legalization and frequency of cannabis use among forensic mental health patients.

Penney, Stephanie R · 2024

One-third of forensic patients used cannabis over the study period, with frequency increasing significantly after legalization.

The Association Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use via Emotional Psychopathology and Coping Motives in Argentinian College Students.

Pilatti, Angelina · 2024

Three mindfulness facets (describing, acting with awareness, non-judging) were associated with less cannabis quantity consumed and fewer negative consequences through a pathway of lower emotional psychopathology (depression/anxiety symptoms) and lower endorsement of using cannabis to cope.

Prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors based on the diurnal cortisol pattern and THC dosage in continued cannabis users, a 5 year population-based matched cohort study.

Pirnia, Bijan · 2024

Cannabis users with a blunted cortisol awakening response (CAR), flattened diurnal cortisol slope (DCS), and higher cortisol area under the curve who reported heavy cannabis use had 3.2 times higher odds of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (OR 3.2, 95% CI: 2.4-4.1) compared to controls..

Cannabis use in youth is associated with chronic inflammation.

Power, Emmet · 2024

Among 914 participants from the ALSPAC cohort, daily/near-daily cannabis use at age 24 was strongly associated with elevated suPAR (a chronic inflammation biomarker implicated in neurodegenerative processes).

The Indirect Influence of Cannabis Use Disorder Symptoms on PTSD Symptom Severity Through Psychological Inflexibility.

Russell, Patricia D · 2024

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) and PTSD frequently co-occur, but what connects them? This study identifies a specific psychological mechanism: psychological inflexibility (PI) — the tendency to get stuck in rigid thought patterns and avoidant behaviors rather than adapting flexibly to situations. Among 336 college students, the researchers tested whether CUD symptoms → psychological inflexibility → worse PTSD formed a mediation pathway.

A mixed method study exploring similarities and differences in general and social services-specific barriers to treatment-seeking among individuals with a problematic use of alcohol, cannabis, or gambling.

Schettini, Greta · 2024

Cannabis users shared similar treatment barriers with alcohol and gambling users, including privacy concerns, stigma, and fear of consequences.

Association between gender diversity and substance use experimentation in early adolescents.

Shao, Iris Y · 2024

More gender-diverse responses on gender identity, felt gender, gender non-contentedness, and gender expression were associated with higher odds of both lifetime and new cannabis experimentation.

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among untreated illicit substance users: a population-based study.

Shiraly, Ramin · 2024

Regular cannabis use was not associated with increased odds of current suicidal thoughts in multiple logistic regression.

Cannabis use and social anxiety disorder in emerging adulthood: Results from a nationally representative sample.

Single, Alanna · 2024

The prevalence of co-occurring cannabis use and social anxiety disorder was 1.10%.

Changes in Cannabis Use Patterns in Psychiatric Populations Pre- and Post-Legalization of Recreational Cannabis Use in Canada: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey.

Sorkhou, Maryam · 2024

The odds of daily/near-daily cannabis use increased nine-fold (aOR=9.19) among people with schizophrenia between pre-legalization (2018) and two years post (2020).

The impact of substance use on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and treatment discontinuation.

Stevenson, Brittany L · 2024

A major clinical question for therapists treating veterans with both PTSD and addiction: does ongoing cannabis use during treatment sabotage the results? This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial with 183 veterans provides a reassuring — if nuanced — answer. Substance use was measured at 4-week intervals throughout treatment.

Cannabis Vaping Is Associated With Past 30-Day Suicide Attempts and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents in a Psychiatric Inpatient Setting.

Thomas, Sarah A · 2024

Vaping as the most frequent cannabis method was associated with 2.38 times higher odds of past 30-day suicide attempt (p=0.002) and greater suicidal ideation.

Patterns and determinants of cannabis use in youth visiting an urban emergency department in France.

Touali, Rdah · 2024

Of 460 participants, 105 (22.8%) were in the cannabis use group.

A systematic review of evidence on integrated management of psychiatric disorders in youth who use cannabis.

Vidal, Carol · 2024

Of 989 studies screened, only 5 RCTs met all criteria for integrated treatment of psychiatric disorders in cannabis-using youth.

Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation, cannabis, and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan: findings from a joint-effect modeling.

Adeyinka, Daniel A · 2023

Suicidal ideation prevalence was highest among dual substance users (25.8%) compared to alcohol-only (23.2%) or cannabis-only (18.7%) problematic use.

Induced negative affect's impact on self-reported cannabis use, expectancies, and problems.

Altman, Brianna R · 2023

Participants assigned to the negative affect induction reported significantly greater negative cannabis expectancies and more cannabis problems compared to the control group, after controlling for age and education.

Inpatients in substance use treatment with co-occurring psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study of characteristics and relapse predictors.

Andersson, Helle Wessel · 2023

Patients with co-occurring disorders (COD) had a 39.8% relapse rate vs 26.4% for those without.

Substance use, socio-demographic characteristics, and self-rated health of people seeking alcohol and other drug treatment in New South Wales: baseline findings from a cohort study.

Black, Emma · 2023

Of 14,087 treatment entrants, alcohol was the primary concern for 43%, opioids for 22%, amphetamine-type stimulants for 18%, cannabis for 15%, and cocaine for 2%.

Medicinal cannabis for psychiatry-related conditions: an overview of current Australian prescribing.

Cairns, Elizabeth A · 2023

Of approximately 300,000 Special Access Scheme B approvals for medical cannabis in Australia (2016-2022), 33.9% were for psychiatric conditions.

Influence of cannabis use on incidence of psychosis in people at clinical high risk.

Chester, Lucy A · 2023

Among 334 clinical high-risk individuals followed for 2 years, 16.2% developed psychosis.

An interrupted time series evaluation of the effect of cannabis legalization on intentional self-harm in two Canadian provinces: Ontario and Alberta.

Cusimano, Michael D · 2023

Using population-based data from January/April 2010 to February 2020, cannabis legalization and regulation in Canada was not significantly associated with changes in ED visits for intentional self-harm in Ontario (level=0.58, 95% CI -1.14 to 2.31) or Alberta (level=-0.06, 95% CI -2.25 to 2.12).

Marijuana use and its correlates among school-going Jamaican adolescents: a finding from a national survey.

Dadras, Omid · 2023

Among Jamaican adolescents aged 13-17, older age and male sex predicted higher marijuana use.

Exploring the associations between serious psychological distress and the quantity or frequency of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among pregnant women in the United States.

David, Ayomide T · 2023

Among 3,373 pregnant women aged 18-44, approximately 6% experienced serious psychological distress in the past 30 days.

Genome-wide DNA methylation association study of recent and cumulative marijuana use in middle aged adults.

Nannini, Drew R · 2023

At examination year 15 (n = 1,023), 22 and 31 methylation markers were associated with recent and cumulative marijuana use.

Ecological investigation of the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and cannabis use among community women experiencing intimate partner violence.

Newberger, Noam G · 2023

Externalizing behavior (OR 1.37) and dysphoric arousal (OR 1.27) PTSD symptom clusters were associated with cannabis use reported in the same survey period.

Association of maternal exposure to Superstorm Sandy and maternal cannabis use with development of psychopathology among offspring: the Stress in Pregnancy Study.

Nomura, Yoko · 2023

Among 163 children tracked from ages 2-5, those exposed to both Superstorm Sandy and maternal cannabis use (8% of sample) had a 31-fold increased risk of disruptive behavioral disorders and a 7-fold increased risk of anxiety disorders compared to those exposed to neither.

CANNABIS USE AND SUICIDE IN NON-AFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS: A MINI-REVIEW OF RECENT LITERATURE.

Ricci, Valerio · 2023

Three cohort studies agreed that cannabis use was associated with increased suicide risk in schizophrenia patients.

Aberrant salience in cannabis-induced psychosis: a comparative study.

Ricci, Valerio · 2023

SPICE users had more severe and persistent positive symptoms than THC users and non-users.

First episode psychosis with and without the use of cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids: Psychopathology, global functioning and suicidal ideation and antipsychotic effectiveness.

Ricci, Valerio · 2023

THC users and especially SPICE users displayed more severe positive symptoms than non-users.

Association Between Suicidal Behaviour and Cannabis and Tranquilizer use, Depression, Aggression and Other Borderline Personality Traits Among Students in Sincelejo, Colombia.

Romero-Acosta, Kelly · 2023

Cannabis use (t=2.83, P<.05) and tranquilizer use (t=2.37, P<.05) had significant independent relationships with suicidal behavior.

Associations of Momentary Mindfulness With Affect and Cannabis Desire in a Trial of Cannabis Use Interventions With and Without Momentary Assessment.

Shrier, Lydia A · 2023

Momentary mindful awareness (MAA) increased from baseline to follow-up in the counseling + EMA group (beta=0.237) but not in counseling alone.

The beneficial effect of sleep on behavioral health problems in youth is disrupted by prenatal cannabis exposure: A causal random forest analysis of Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development data.

Spechler, Philip A · 2023

Sleep improvements reduced internalizing and externalizing problems in children overall, but prenatal cannabis exposure moderated this relationship, significantly diminishing the protective effect of sleep on internalizing symptoms..

The association between reasons for first using cannabis, later pattern of use, and risk of first-episode psychosis: the EU-GEI case-control study.

Spinazzola, Edoardo · 2023

Starting cannabis use "to feel better/cope" was associated with higher odds of first-episode psychosis (FEP) compared to starting "because of friends." Path analysis showed reasons for first use influenced later patterns (frequency, potency, duration) which in turn affected psychosis risk..

Patterns of Substance Use During Early Pregnancy and Associations With Behavioral Health Characteristics.

Sujan, Ayesha C · 2023

Four prenatal substance use patterns emerged: predominantly alcohol (9.3%), predominantly cannabis (4.9%), predominantly nicotine with some opioids (1.1%), and high-polysubstance (0.4%).

Nondisordered Cannabis Use Among US Adolescents.

Sultan, Ryan S · 2023

Nondisordered cannabis use (NDCU) was 4 times more prevalent than cannabis use disorder (10.2% vs.

Cannabis use as a potential mediator between childhood adversity and first-episode psychosis: results from the EU-GEI case-control study.

Trotta, Giulia · 2023

Cannabis use acted as a partial mediator between childhood adversity and first-episode psychosis.

Cannabis Use Associations with Adverse Psychosocial Functioning among North American College Students.

Vidal, Carol · 2023

Cannabis use among college-enrolled young adults was associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes across multiple domains.

Cannabis and Psychosis.

West, Michelle L · 2023

Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychotic symptoms (both subthreshold and full), exacerbation of psychosis in vulnerable youth, and worse outcomes in established psychotic disorders.

Risk of depressive disorders associated with medical cannabis authorization: A propensity score matched cohort study.

Yana, Jerry Liwono · 2023

Medical cannabis users had significantly higher rates of ED visits and hospitalization for depressive disorders than propensity-matched controls who did not receive medical cannabis authorization..

Cannabis Use in Adults Who Screen Positive for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: CANreduce 2.0 Randomized Controlled Trial Subgroup Analysis.

Ahlers, Joachim · 2022

Both ADHD-positive (n=94) and ADHD-negative (n=273) groups significantly reduced cannabis use days, severity scores, anxiety, and depression.

Early Age of Cannabis Initiation and Its Association With Suicidal Behaviors.

Ahuja, Manik · 2022

Early cannabis use (age 14 or younger) was associated with higher risks of suicide ideation (AOR 3.32) and attempt (AOR 4.38) than later initiation (AOR 2.15 and 2.56 respectively).

Early versus late risk factors for deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.

Alabaf, Setareh · 2022

Deficit schizophrenia patients had significantly lower cannabis use at first psychotic episode (p=0.005), less physical/sexual abuse (p=0.033), and less crime-related trauma (p=0.012).

Is the effect of cognitive reserve in longitudinal outcomes in first-episode psychoses dependent on the use of cannabis?

Amoretti, Silvia · 2022

Cognitive reserve was associated with better cognitive performance regardless of cannabis use.

Clinical practice guideline on pharmacological and psychological management of adult patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a comorbid substance use.

Arranz, Belen · 2022

For schizophrenia with cannabis use: no antipsychotic (olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol, or clozapine) could be recommended over another (weak recommendation).

Moral injury and cannabis use disorder among Israeli combat veterans: The role of depression and perceived social support.

Ashwal-Malka, Aviya · 2022

Moral injury from self-perpetration and betrayal were positively associated with CUD.

Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of cannabis dependence among Israeli combat veterans.

Asper, Ariel · 2022

Veterans with cannabis dependence used significantly more cannabis per week and scored higher on moral injury "other" and "betrayal" subscales.

Developments and Changes in Primary Public Health Outcome Indicators Associated with the Legalization of Non-Medical Cannabis Use and Supply in Canada (2018): A Comprehensive Overview.

Boury, Himani · 2022

Cannabis use increased in select population groups, with a shift away from smoking toward other consumption methods.

Coping Motives Mediate the Association of Trauma History with Problematic Cannabis Use in Young Adult Medical Cannabis Patients and Non-Patient Cannabis Users.

Brammer, Whitney A · 2022

Coping motives uniquely mediated the association between multiple types of childhood trauma (physical abuse, neglect, sexual trauma) and problematic cannabis use one year later.

Association between cannabis use and suicidal behavior: A systematic review of cohort studies.

Carvalho, João Victor · 2022

Twenty-two cohort articles were identified with no clear consensus on the cannabis-suicide relationship, regardless of outcome type (ideation, attempt, or completion) or study quality.

Examining Risk Factors in the Cannabis-Suicide Link: Considering Trauma and Impulsivity among University Students.

Daneshmend, Ayeila Z B · 2022

Problematic cannabis use was moderately associated with suicidal ideation and attempts.

Long-term effects of prenatal cannabis exposure: Pathways to adolescent and adult outcomes.

De Genna, Natacha M · 2022

Across longitudinal studies, prenatal cannabis exposure showed remarkably consistent associations with externalizing behaviors like delinquency and substance use that persisted into adulthood.

The Association between Recent Cannabis Use and Suicidal Ideation in Adults: A Population-based Analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018.

Diep, Calvin · 2022

After adjusting for potential confounders, recent cannabis users (past 30 days) had significantly higher odds of suicidal ideation (aOR 1.54), depression (aOR 1.53), and having recently seen a mental health professional, compared to those without recent cannabis use..

Impact of Housing First on Psychiatric Symptoms, Substance Use, and Everyday Life Skills Among People Experiencing Homelessness.

Ferreiro, Inés Campo · 2022

The Housing First group (n=46) showed significantly lower alcohol and cannabis use at 21 months compared to the treatment-as-usual group (n=41).

Construct validity of DSM-5 cannabis use disorder diagnosis and severity levels in adults with problematic substance use.

Fink, David S · 2022

DSM-5 CUD and all severity levels were associated with cannabis use validators (days used, self-reported problem use, craving).

Co-use of Tobacco Products and Cannabis among Veterans: A Preliminary Investigation of Prevalence and Associations with Mental Health Outcomes.

Fitzke, Reagan E · 2022

Past 30-day co-users of tobacco and cannabis endorsed significantly higher levels of stress, PTSD, depression, and anxiety compared to singular product users.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders in Young Adulthood: Findings from a Canadian Nationally Representative Survey.

Fuller-Thomson, Esme · 2022

After adjusting for sociodemographics, childhood adversities, and mental health, young adults with ADHD had higher odds of alcohol use disorders (OR 1.38), cannabis use disorders (OR 1.46), other drug use disorders (OR 2.07), and any substance use disorder (OR 1.69).

Suicidal ideation among Canadian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of psychosocial factors and substance use behaviours.

Geda, Nigatu · 2022

Those who reported increased cannabis use during the pandemic had 1.97 times higher odds of suicidal ideation.

Children and adolescents with ASD treated with CBD-rich cannabis exhibit significant improvements particularly in social symptoms: an open label study.

Hacohen, Micha · 2022

Significant improvements in social communication were observed on the ADOS (clinical assessment), SRS (parent report), and Vineland (adaptive behaviors).

Varied Presentations of Pediatric Patients With Positive Cannabinoid Tests.

Harvey, Taylor · 2022

71% of cases with positive cannabinoid drug screens presented after cannabis legalization in November 2016.

Safety and Efficacy of Medical Cannabis in Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared with Commonly Used Medications.

Holdman, Richard · 2022

Commonly prescribed ASD medications display varying efficacy, safety, and tolerability, with some causing side effects (aggression, anxiety, irritability, cognitive effects) that mirror the very symptoms they target.

Racial/Ethnic Bullying Subtypes and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Among US Adolescents.

Hong, Jun Sung · 2022

African American adolescents who were both bullying perpetrators and victims were more likely to use marijuana.

An exploration of multivariate symptom clusters of cannabis use disorder in young adults.

Howe, Lindy K · 2022

Five classes emerged: "No problems," "Moderate consumption," "Consumption with moderate loss of control," "Consumption with moderate withdrawal," and "High consumption, loss of control, withdrawal." The classes differed in which DSM-5 CUD criteria were endorsed, especially among those with moderate-to-severe problems, and showed some differences in co-occurring psychopathology..

Typologies of Canadian young adults who drive after cannabis use: A two-step cluster analysis.

Huỳnh, Christophe · 2022

Four subgroups emerged: (1) frequent cannabis users who regularly drive after using; (2) individuals with generalized deviance, diverse risky road behaviors, and high psychological distress; (3) alcohol and drug-impaired drivers who were also heavy drinkers; and (4) well-adjusted youths with mild depressive-anxious symptoms..

Predictors of admission to an assertive outreach service for psychosis in Lebanon.

Kassir, Ghida · 2022

Cannabis use disorder was a significant predictor of enrollment in the Psychosis Recovery Outreach Program (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.25-6.37).

Cannabis use and suicidal ideation among youth: Can we democratize school policies using digital citizen science?

Katapally, Tarun Reddy · 2022

Cannabis use was significantly associated with increased suicidal ideation among youth.

A scoping review of the use of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders.

Kirkland, Anna E · 2022

Only 16 randomized controlled trials or within-subject studies met inclusion criteria.

Effect of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and cannabis use on pregnancy outcomes.

Klasner, Carson · 2022

Cannabis use at delivery was associated with 10% lower birthweight (2665g vs.

Changes in sexual identity and substance use during young adulthood.

Krueger, Evan A · 2022

Consistently LGBQ+ individuals had higher frequency of cannabis use (OR 1.36) compared to consistently heterosexual peers.

Characteristics of Adults Who Use Both Marijuana and E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products: A Cross-Sectional Study, Utah, 2018.

Lewis, Nathaniel M · 2022

Dual users of marijuana and e-cigarettes had dramatically higher odds of being aged 18-29 (aOR 12.44), being male (aOR 3.29), reporting 14+ days of poor mental health (aOR 2.30), having asthma (aOR 2.09), COPD (aOR 2.94), currently smoking cigarettes (aOR 4.56), and using prescribed pain medications (aOR 2.13)..

Safety and efficacy of a digital therapeutic for substance use disorder: Secondary analysis of data from a NIDA clinical trials network study.

Maricich, Yuri A · 2022

Among 399 patients with alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, or stimulant use disorders, those receiving the digital therapeutic plus treatment-as-usual (with reduced counseling) achieved significantly higher abstinence at weeks 9-12 (40.3% vs 17.6%, P<0.001) and better treatment retention (P=0.004).

The moderating role of sex and self-, teacher-, and father-reported ADHD hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, on the association between early adolescent internalizing symptoms and substance use.

Pocuca, Nina · 2022

A significant three-way interaction between internalizing symptoms, ADHD hyperactivity-impulsivity, and sex was found for cigarette use (BF=48.40) and supported for cannabis use (BF=3.54-9.08).

Gender Differences in Dual Diagnoses Associated with Cannabis Use: A Review.

Prieto-Arenas, Laura · 2022

Studies consistently show gender differences in cannabis-associated psychiatric symptoms, but the direction varies across studies and conditions.

Controlled Trial Examining the Strength-Based Grit Wellbeing and Self-Regulation Program for Young People in Residential Settings for Substance Use.

Quinn, Catherine A · 2022

Both groups improved on all outcomes at 3 months, maintained through 12 months.

Contingency Management for Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder in Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Rodas, Justyne D · 2022

Contingency management produced cannabis use reductions and periods of abstinence in individuals with psychotic-spectrum disorders or major depressive disorder.

Changes in young adult substance use during COVID-19 as a function of ACEs, depression, prior substance use and resilience.

Romm, Katelyn F · 2022

49.4% used marijuana at either timepoint, with 27.2% increasing and 21.2% decreasing frequency during COVID-19.

The associations of cannabis and methamphetamine use with cognitive performance over the first 2 years of treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Scheffler, Freda · 2022

In 81 patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated over 24 months, positive methamphetamine tests predicted less cognitive improvement, but positive cannabis tests did not..

Cannabis and cannabinoid use in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.

Silva, Estácio Amaro da · 2022

Across 9 studies, cannabis products reduced the number or intensity of multiple ASD symptoms including hyperactivity, self-mutilation, anger, sleep problems, anxiety, irritability, and depression.

Does cannabis use predict aggressive or violent behavior in psychiatric populations? A systematic review.

Sorkhou, Maryam · 2022

Cross-sectional associations between cannabis use and aggression/violence were found in PTSD samples.

Self-Reported Effects of Cannabis on ADHD Symptoms, ADHD Medication Side Effects, and ADHD-Related Executive Dysfunction.

Stueber, Amanda · 2022

Participants with ADHD reported cannabis had acute beneficial effects on many ADHD symptoms including hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Cannabis-based medicine in treatment of patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

Szejko, Natalia · 2022

Two small RCTs using THC (dronabinol) demonstrated safety and efficacy for tic treatment in Tourette syndrome.

A large Australian longitudinal cohort registry demonstrates sustained safety and efficacy of oral medicinal cannabis for at least two years.

Vickery, Alistair W · 2022

Statistically significant improvements sustained over 2+ years across all outcomes: clinical impression (+39-52%), pain interference and severity (22-26%), depression/anxiety/stress (24-28%), insomnia (35%), and physical/emotional functioning (34-37%).

Impact of cannabis legalization on healthcare utilization for psychosis and schizophrenia in Colorado.

Wang, George Sam · 2022

As recreational dispensaries per 10,000 residents increased, psychosis ED visits increased 24% (IRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02-1.49) while schizophrenia ED visits showed no significant change (IRR 0.95).

Premorbid characteristics of patients with DSM-IV psychotic disorders.

Widing, Line · 2022

17.5% of PNOS participants and 11.5% of schizophrenia spectrum participants used cannabis before age 16, compared to only 5.3% of psychotic bipolar participants.

Targeting maladaptive reactivity to negative affect in emerging adults with cannabis use disorder: A preliminary test and proof of concept.

Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate · 2022

Affect Management Treatment (AMT) was more effective than standard CBT at reducing negative affect and maladaptive reactivity to negative emotions through post-treatment and 6-month follow-up.

Cultural and psychosocial moderators of the association between adverse childhood experiences and alcohol and marijuana use among Latinx college students on the U.S./Mexico border.

Woloshchuk, Claudia J · 2022

For female participants, insecure attachment style strengthened the link between childhood adversity and substance use, while stronger marianismo beliefs and higher bicultural self-efficacy altered this relationship.

Catatonic Episodes Related to Substance Use: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Electronic Healthcare Records.

Yeoh, Su Ying · 2022

Of 108 substance-related catatonic episodes, cannabis was linked to 31 of 54 intoxication-related episodes and 37 of 50 chronic use-related episodes.

Long-term and serious harms of medical cannabis and cannabinoids for chronic pain: a systematic review of non-randomised studies.

Zeraatkar, Dena · 2022

Overall adverse event prevalence was 26.0% (95% CI: 13.2-41.2%).

Developmental Relations Between Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Ideation in Middle Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Do Internalizing Problems and Substance Use Mediate Their Links?

Zhu, Xinxin · 2022

At the within-person level, cannabis use and suicidal ideation were positively and reciprocally related over time (ages 15-20).

Incidence and Predictors of Cannabis-Related Poisoning and Mental and Behavioral Disorders among Patients with Medical Cannabis Authorization: A Cohort Study.

Zongo, Arsene · 2022

During a median follow-up of 240 days, only 14 patients visited the ER or were hospitalized for cannabis poisoning (8.06 per 10,000 person-years) and 26 for cannabis-related mental and behavioral disorders (15.0 per 10,000 person-years).

Substance Use Disorders and Psychoactive Drug Poisoning in Medically Authorized Cannabis Patients: Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Zongo, Arsène · 2022

Among 18,653 medical cannabis patients matched to 51,243 controls, poisoning incidence was 4.71 per 1,000 person-years for cannabis patients vs 1.73 for controls (adjusted HR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.56-3.84).

Genomic relationships across psychiatric disorders including substance use disorders.

Abdellaoui, Abdel · 2021

Alcohol and nicotine dependence showed significant genetic correlations with multiple psychiatric disorders including ADHD, schizophrenia, and major depression.

The Impact of THC and CBD in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.

Ahmed, Saeed · 2021

Intravenous THC increased psychosis in stable patients.

Cannabinoid treatment for autism: a proof-of-concept randomized trial.

Aran, Adi · 2021

The primary outcome (HSQ-ASD Total Score) showed no significant difference between groups.

From an Alternative Medicine to a New Treatment for Refractory Epilepsies: Can Cannabidiol Follow the Same Path to Treat Neuropsychiatric Disorders?

Bitencourt, Rafael M · 2021

Strong evidence supports CBD's anticonvulsant properties for epilepsy, and accumulating research suggests promising effects for depression, anxiety, PTSD, addiction, neurodegenerative disorders, and autism.

Are psychotic-like experiences related to a discontinuation of cannabis consumption in young adults?

Daedelow, Laura S · 2021

Mean cannabis use increased from age 19 to 22.

Typologies of illicit drug use in mid-adulthood: a quasi-longitudinal latent class analysis in a community-based sample of twins.

Dash, Genevieve F · 2021

Five drug use classes emerged: no/low use (50%), desistant cannabis use (23%), desistant party drug use (18%), persistent prescription drug misuse (4%), and persistent polydrug use (5%).

Cannabis Use, Schizotypy and Kamin Blocking Performance.

Dawes, Christopher · 2021

Neither lifetime nor current cannabis use was associated with changes in Kamin blocking scores.

Cannabidiol (CBD) and other drug use among young adults who use cannabis in Los Angeles.

Fedorova, Ekaterina V · 2021

CBD-dominant users were more likely female, used cannabis at lower frequency and amount (except edibles), cited medical motivations, used cannabis for pain, and reported more health problems.

Sex Differences in Comorbidity Between Substance Use and Mental Health in Adolescents: Two Sides of the Same Coin.

Fernández-Artamendi, Sergio · 2021

Girls presented significantly more mental health problems and higher prevalence of comorbidity between substance use and mental health disorders.

Detachment, peer pressure, and age of first substance use as gateways to later substance use.

Gallegos, Martin I · 2021

Earlier first use of alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco predicted more emotional detachment, greater susceptibility to peer pressure, and higher likelihood of illicit substance use.

Alcohol Use Disorders among Slovak and Czech University Students: A Closer Look at Tobacco Use, Cannabis Use and Socio-Demographic Characteristics.

Gavurova, Beata · 2021

Tobacco and cannabis use were positively associated with alcohol use disorders in both Czech and Slovak student samples.

Exploring the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Daily Cannabis Consequences in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Cannabis Motives.

Goldstein, Abby L · 2021

Higher past-6-month ADHD symptoms predicted more daily cannabis consequences overall.

Bipolar disorder and cannabis use: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Jefsen, Oskar Hougaard · 2021

Genetic liability to bipolar disorder was significantly associated with increased risk of lifetime cannabis use across all three MR methods (inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and Egger regression).

The Relationship between Alcohol-Cannabis Use and Stressful Events with the Development of Incident Clinical Psychosis in a Community-Based Prospective Cohort.

Kirli, Umut · 2021

Heavy alcohol drinking and cannabis use during follow-up each independently predicted incident clinical psychosis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in cannabis use disorder amongst people with comorbid mental illness.

Kozak, Karolina · 2021

In the CUD-only group, males were twice as likely as females to have CUD (OR=2.0).

Psychiatric Comorbidity and Addiction Severity Differences in Patients With ADHD Seeking Treatment for Cannabis or Cocaine Use Disorders.

Martínez-Luna, Nieves · 2021

In multivariate analysis, the cannabis group had significantly higher rates of lifetime anxiety disorder and younger age at onset of any substance use disorder.

Cannabis use among early adolescents and transdiagnostic mental health risk factors.

Moreno-Mansilla, Sara · 2021

Cannabis users scored significantly higher on anomalous reality perception (d = 0.60), hopelessness (d = 0.85), depression symptoms (d = 0.80), rumination (d = 0.48), and anxiety (d = 0.39).

The Role of Cannabis Use in Suicidal Ideation Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder.

Naji, Leen · 2021

Current cannabis use was associated with suicidal ideation (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.11-1.80, P = 0.005) in multivariable analysis.

Medicinal cannabis: knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of Colombian psychiatrists.

Orjuela-Rojas, Juan Manuel · 2021

82% of psychiatrists agreed medical cannabis should be available, and 73.1% wanted prescribing authority.

Daily, but not occasional, cannabis use is selectively associated with more impulsive delay discounting and hyperactive ADHD symptoms in binge-drinking young adults.

Petker, Tashia · 2021

Daily cannabis users showed significantly more impulsive delay discounting and more hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms compared to both occasional users and non-users.

Cannabis use disorder and dissociation: A report from a prospective first-episode psychosis study.

Ricci, V · 2021

Cannabis-using FEP patients showed higher positive symptoms, higher dissociative experiences (DES-II), and worse functioning (GAF) than non-users at onset.

The relationship between alcohol and cannabis use with nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescent inpatients: Examining the 90 days prior to psychiatric hospitalization.

Sellers, Christina M · 2021

While neither cannabis nor alcohol use independently predicted nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) on a daily level, co-occurring alcohol and cannabis use on the same day increased the odds of NSSI by 30.5 times (OR=30.5, p<0.05) in the 90 days prior to hospitalization..

Impact of cannabis use on outcomes of patients admitted to an involuntary psychiatric unit: A retrospective cohort study.

Soler, Stephan · 2021

Of 370 involuntarily admitted psychiatric patients, 130 tested THC-positive.

Evidence for Use of Cannabinoids in Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and PTSD: A Systematic Review.

Stanciu, Corneliu N · 2021

Of 8 identified RCTs, CBD pretreatment showed promise for social anxiety in laboratory settings, but THC showed no benefit for depression and actually worsened anxiety and psychotic symptoms in over 50% of hospitalized depression patients.

Examining motivational pathways from adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms to cannabis use: Results from a prospective study of veterans.

Stevens, Angela K · 2021

Sleep motives mediated the prospective relationship between ADHD symptoms and cannabis use frequency, while coping with negative affect was the only significant mediator of the ADHD-to-cannabis-problems pathway, controlling for demographics, other substance use, and psychopathology..

Predictors of cannabis use among first-time justice-involved youth: A cohort study.

Tolou-Shams, Marina · 2021

Of 391 first-time justice-involved youth, 48.1% had lifetime cannabis use and 14.8% initiated during 12-month follow-up.

Cannabis use among military veterans: A great deal to gain or lose?

Turna, Jasmine · 2021

Across 86 included studies, cannabis use in veterans was consistently associated with other substance use, psychiatric disorders, and self-harm/suicidality.

Relationship between cannabis use and psychotic experiences in college students.

Wright, Abigail C · 2021

Greater weekly cannabis use was associated with increased hallucinatory experiences (persisting after controlling for depression) and delusional ideation (not persisting after depression adjustment).

Young Adults With Higher Motives and Expectancies of Regular Cannabis Use Show Poorer Psychosocial Functioning.

Amiet, Danielle · 2020

Two distinct user classes emerged: Low Motives/Expectancies (n=158) and High Motives/Expectancies (n=171).

Is the Adolescent Brain at Greater Vulnerability to the Effects of Cannabis? A Narrative Review of the Evidence.

Blest-Hopley, Grace · 2020

Adolescent cannabis users show altered functional connectivity within established brain circuits, with largely increased functional activation compared to controls.

Cannabis use, depression and suicidal ideation in adolescence: direction of associations in a population based cohort.

Bolanis, Despina · 2020

Depression at age 15 predicted weekly cannabis use at age 17 (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.19-4.43), even after adjusting for other substance use.

Do-It-Yourself medicine? The impact of light cannabis liberalization on prescription drugs.

Carrieri, Vincenzo · 2020

Using the staggered rollout of light cannabis shops across Italian provinces, the study documented significant substitution effects between CBD products and five prescription drug categories: anxiolytics, sedatives, opioids, antidepressants, and antipsychotics..

The endocannabinoidome as a substrate for noneuphoric phytocannabinoid action and gut microbiome dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders
.

Di Marzo, Vincenzo · 2020

The endocannabinoidome extends beyond classical CB1/CB2 to include numerous lipid mediators, receptors, and enzymes involved in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Cannabis use disorder among veterans: Comorbidity and mental health treatment utilization.

Ecker, Anthony H · 2020

Of veterans with CUD (2010-2016), 79.1% had a comorbid mental health disorder and 76.8% had another substance use disorder.

Moderating role of cannabis use between insight and depression in early psychosis.

Elowe, Julien · 2020

A three-way interaction between cannabis use, insight, and medication adherence predicted depression levels one year post-diagnosis.

Predictors of psychosis breakthrough during 24 months of long-acting antipsychotic maintenance treatment in first episode schizophrenia.

Emsley, Robin · 2020

About 21% of patients developed breakthrough psychotic symptoms despite assured medication adherence via long-acting injections.

Autonomy, competence and relatedness and cannabis and alcohol use among youth in Canada: a cross-sectional analysis.

Enns, Aganeta · 2020

Relatedness (feeling connected to others) and competence (feeling capable) were consistently associated with lower odds of 30-day and more frequent cannabis use, alcohol use, and binge drinking.

Is Recovery from Cannabis Dependence Possible? Factors that Help or Hinder Recovery in a National Sample of Canadians with a History of Cannabis Dependence.

Fuller-Thomson, Esme · 2020

72% were in remission from cannabis dependence, and 53% were free of major psychiatric disorders and substance dependence.

Cannabidiol for the treatment of psychosis among patients with schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders: A systematic review with a risk of bias assessment.

Ghabrash, Maykel Farag · 2020

CBD showed limited antipsychotic efficacy across studies, with no evidence supporting cognitive or functional benefits.

Cannabis Use and Internalizing/Externalizing Symptoms in Youth: A Canadian Population-Based Study.

Girgis, Joseph · 2020

Frequent cannabis use was associated with elevated externalizing symptoms (OR 2.17 in males, 5.13 in females) and internalizing symptoms (OR 2.07 in males, 3.40 in females).

Predicting factors for non-suicidal self-injury in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and the role of substance use.

Güney, Erengül · 2020

Substance use disorder increased NSSI risk approximately 4-fold.

Temporal Changes in the Cross-Sectional Associations between Cannabis Use, Suicidal Ideation, and Depression in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadian Adults in 2012 Compared to 2002.

Halladay, Jillian E · 2020

Monthly cannabis use was consistently associated with both suicidal ideation and major depressive episodes across both time points.

Associations of substance use, psychosis, and mortality among people living in precarious housing or homelessness: A longitudinal, community-based study in Vancouver, Canada.

Jones, Andrea A · 2020

Over 10 years of follow-up, participants with co-occurring substance use and psychotic disorders had higher mortality rates than those with either condition alone.

The therapeutic role of Cannabidiol in mental health: a systematic review.

Khan, Rabia · 2020

Across 23 included studies, CBD showed the most consistent positive signals for anxiety disorders and as an adjunct treatment for schizophrenia.

Does cannabis use modify the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on severe depression and suicidal ideation? Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional study of Canadians.

Lake, Stephanie · 2020

Among 24,089 respondents in the Canadian Community Health Survey, people with PTSD who used cannabis had lower odds of experiencing a major depressive episode and suicidal ideation compared to those with PTSD who did not use cannabis, after controlling for demographics and comorbidities..

Dosage, Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Administration in Adults: A Systematic Review of Human Trials.

Larsen, Christian · 2020

Across 25 studies (927 patients), CBD showed anxiolytic effects with acute administration and therapeutic effects for social anxiety disorder, psychotic disorder, and substance use disorders.

Effects of Hemp Extract on Markers of Wellness, Stress Resilience, Recovery and Clinical Biomarkers of Safety in Overweight, But Otherwise Healthy Subjects.

Lopez, Hector L · 2020

Among 65 overweight but healthy adults, 60mg/day hemp extract (containing 15mg CBD) significantly improved HDL cholesterol (p=0.004, ES=0.75).

ADHD Is Highly Prevalent in Patients Seeking Treatment for Cannabis Use Disorders.

Notzon, Daniel P · 2020

Among 99 adults seeking cannabis use disorder treatment, ADHD prevalence was estimated at 34% (CAARS), 45% (WURS), 46% (ASRS), or 36% (WURS+CAARS combined).

Is there a relationship between cannabis use problems, emotion dysregulation, and mental health problems among adults with chronic pain?

Orr, Michael F · 2020

In 431 opioid-using adults with moderate to severe chronic pain (176 current cannabis users, 30% with cannabis use problems), emotion dysregulation significantly mediated the relationship between cannabis use problems and anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.

The Association Between Cannabis Use and Schizophrenia: Causative or Curative? A Systematic Review.

Patel, Shweta · 2020

After screening 96 articles and including 12 final studies (5 traditional reviews, 2 systematic reviews, 2 meta-analyses, 3 observational), 10 studies supported a causative link between cannabis and schizophrenia, 8 supported symptom exacerbation, and 6 supported therapeutic effects of CBD.

Co-occurrence across time and space of drug- and cannabinoid- exposure and adverse mental health outcomes in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health: combined geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis.

Reece, Albert Stuart · 2020

Across 410,138 NSDUH respondents (76.7% response rate), cannabis exposure was significantly associated with any mental illness, major depression, serious mental illness (SMI), and suicidal ideation in geospatial models adjusted for demographics and other substance use.

Cannabis use during pregnancy and its relationship with fetal developmental outcomes and psychiatric disorders. A systematic review.

Roncero, Carlos · 2020

Cannabis use among pregnant women is common (~5% or more), with risk factors including younger age, lower education, and concurrent tobacco/alcohol use.

The effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on the recognition of emotions in facial expressions: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Rossi, Giordano Novak · 2020

Across 7 experiments (170 total participants), THC (7.5-15 mg) had no effect in 3 experiments and reduced facial emotion recognition in 3 others.

Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: a clinically-focused systematic review.

Sarris, Jerome · 2020

CBD showed tentative support for reducing social anxiety.

Individuals with psychosis and a lifetime history of cannabis use show greater deficits in emotional experience compared to non-using peers.

Schnakenberg Martin, Ashley M · 2020

Compared to non-using schizophrenia patients (n=36), those with lifetime cannabis use (n=35) expressed less ability to express emotions, were less likely to anticipate pleasure, and had poorer social functioning.

The prevalence and clinical correlates of substance use disorders in patients with psychotic disorders from an Upper-Middle-Income Country.

Temmingh, Henk S · 2020

Among 248 patients with psychotic disorders, cannabis use disorders (34.3%) were the most prevalent, followed by alcohol (30.6%) and methamphetamine (27.4%).

Depressive symptoms and cannabis use in a placebo-controlled trial of N-Acetylcysteine for adult cannabis use disorder.

Tomko, Rachel L · 2020

N-acetylcysteine did not reduce depressive symptoms compared to placebo.

Exploring Phenotypic and Genetic Overlap Between Cannabis Use and Schizotypy.

Vaissiere, James · 2020

Positive phenotypic correlations (range 0.05-0.18) were found between 11 of 12 cannabis use and schizotypy trait pairs in UK Biobank.

Suicidal behavior among substance users: data from the Second Brazilian National Alcohol and Drug Survey (II BNADS).

Abdalla, Renata R · 2019

Among cannabis users, 31.5% reported suicidal ideation and 16.5% reported suicide attempts, compared to 9.9% and 5.4% in the general sample.

Cannabis Use Disorder and Post-Deployment Suicide Attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan-Era Veterans.

Adkisson, Kelsie · 2019

Lifetime cannabis dependence was significantly associated with post-deployment suicide attempts (AOR=7.963, p=.014) after controlling for pre-deployment suicide attempts, PTSD, depression, pain, non-cannabis substance use disorder, and gender.

Interactive effects of PTSD and substance use on suicidal ideation and behavior in military personnel: Increased risk from marijuana use.

Allan, Nicholas P · 2019

PTSD symptoms and marijuana use both independently predicted suicidal ideation and behavior at follow-up.

Association of smoked cannabis with treatment resistance in schizophrenia.

Arsalan, Arsalan · 2019

The treatment resistance rate was over 60% in this cohort.

Real life Experience of Medical Cannabis Treatment in Autism: Analysis of Safety and Efficacy.

Bar-Lev Schleider, Lihi · 2019

After six months of treatment with cannabis oil (30% CBD, 1.5% THC), 82.4% of 188 ASD patients were still in active treatment.

Suicide ideation, planning, and attempts: the case of the Latinx LGB youth.

Boyas, Javier F · 2019

Cannabis use was a significant independent predictor of suicidal ideation (OR 1.76), suicide planning (OR 2.46), and suicide attempts (OR 3.12) among Latinx LGB adolescents, even after controlling for bullying, sexual assault, and depression.

What Every Pediatric Gynecologist Should Know About Marijuana Use in Adolescents.

Chadi, Nicholas · 2019

Despite limited research specifically on gynecological conditions, the many risks of adolescent marijuana use include negative effects on developing brains, adverse reproductive outcomes (menstrual irregularities, pregnancy complications), risky sexual behavior, and mental health problems.

The Mediating Effect of Social Controls on Marijuana Use Among Adolescent Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims: A Comparison of Various Approaches to Mediation.

Cho, Sujung · 2019

Adolescent bullies and bully-victims had higher marijuana use rates than victims or uninvolved youth.

Cannabidiol as a potential treatment for psychosis.

Davies, Cathy · 2019

CBD shows potential as a novel antipsychotic with a unique non-dopamine-D2 mechanism of action.

Hospital Stay in Synthetic Cannabinoid Users With Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, or Other Psychotic Disorders Compared With Cannabis Users.

Deng, Huiqiong · 2019

Cannabis users had significantly shorter hospital stays (8.02 days) and lower antipsychotic doses than the no-drug group (10.19 days).

Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of pre-clinical and clinical findings.

Elsaid, Sonja · 2019

CBD is safe, well-tolerated, and efficacious for several seizure disorders.

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, risky substance use and substance use disorders: a follow-up study among young men.

Estévez-Lamorte, Natalia · 2019

ADHD predicted persistent risky alcohol and nicotine use and was positively linked to alcohol use disorder but negatively linked to cannabis use disorder at follow-up.

The Mental Health of Young Canadians Who Are Not Working or in School.

Gariépy, Geneviève · 2019

Being NEET was associated with depression (OR 1.67), generalized anxiety disorder (OR 2.65), and other drug use disorder (OR 3.22), but was not associated with cannabis use disorder (OR 0.97) or alcohol use disorder (OR 1.03)..

Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder: an update for general psychiatrists.

Grigg, Jasmin · 2019

Synthetic cannabinoid use is associated with more rapid development of dependence than cannabis, increased psychiatric risks, complex withdrawal syndromes, and serious physical adverse effects including seizures, cardiotoxicity, and death, suggesting a need for more intensive clinical management..

Sex Differences in the Association Between Cannabis Use and Suicidal Ideation and Attempts, Depression, and Psychological Distress Among Canadians.

Halladay, Jillian E · 2019

Significant sex differences were found for cannabis use and suicidal thoughts/attempts and psychological distress, but not for major depressive episodes.

Cannabis and Psychosis: Are We any Closer to Understanding the Relationship?

Hamilton, Ian · 2019

The evidence for cannabis as a direct cause of schizophrenia has not been established.

Developmental pathways of adolescent cannabis use: Risk factors, outcomes and sex-specific differences.

Hawes, Samuel W · 2019

Three cannabis use trajectories were identified: low (74%), chronic (12%), and escalating (14%).

How effective and safe is medical cannabis as a treatment of mental disorders? A systematic review.

Hoch, Eva · 2019

Across 14 RCTs (1,629 participants) covering dementia, cannabis/opioid dependence, psychosis, social anxiety, PTSD, anorexia nervosa, ADHD, and Tourette's disorder, cannabis-based medicines as adjuncts were associated with symptom improvements but not remission.

Factors Associated with Poly Drug Use in Adolescents.

Jongenelis, Michelle · 2019

20.3% had used at least one substance in the past 30 days, 6.7% used two, and 3.3% used all three.

Is there a role for cannabidiol in psychiatry?

Khoury, Julia Machado · 2019

Evidence levels varied: B-level for cannabis withdrawal, C2 for cannabis addiction, C1 for positive symptoms in schizophrenia and anxiety in social anxiety disorder.

Cannabis and mental illness: a review.

Lowe, Darby J E · 2019

The review found increasing documentation of potential harms from cannabis use in patients with psychotic and mood disorders, while data supporting beneficial effects in psychiatric populations remains limited.

Demographic and clinical profiles of admitted psychiatric patients of the East London Mental Health Unit in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Madala-Witbooi, Nombulelo J · 2019

Schizophrenia (31.6%) and cannabis-related psychiatric disorders (31.6%) were tied as the most common reasons for psychiatric hospitalization, followed by bipolar type-1 disorder (21.9%) and alcohol-related disorders (15.5%).

Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome with Cannabis-Based Medicine: Results from a Retrospective Analysis and Online Survey.

Milosev, Leonie M · 2019

85% reported tic improvement (about 60% reduction), 55% improved comorbidities (especially OCD, ADHD, sleep), and 93% reported better quality of life.

Prevalence and Effects of Cigarette Smoking, Cannabis Consumption, and Co-use in Adults From 15 Countries With Congenital Heart Disease.

Moons, Philip · 2019

Cannabis-only use had a negligible effect on physical functioning, mental health, and quality of life.

Impact of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use on treatment outcomes among patients experiencing first episode psychosis: Data from the national RAISE-ETP study.

Oluwoye, Oladunni · 2019

At baseline, 50% of first-episode psychosis patients smoked tobacco, 28% used alcohol, and 24% used cannabis.

Cannabis use correlates with aggressive behavior and long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatment in Asian patients with schizophrenia.

Park, Seon-Cheol · 2019

After adjusting for multiple variables, lifetime cannabis use in Asian schizophrenia patients was independently associated with aggressive behavior (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01-2.49) and with long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatment (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.44-2.82)..

Cannabis and Psychosis Through the Lens of DSM-5.

Pearson, Nathan T · 2019

Cannabis intoxication can produce transient psychotic symptoms.

Cannabis Use for Medicinal Purposes among Canadian University Students.

Smith, Jacqueline M · 2019

52% had used cannabis at least once; 11% reported medicinal use.

Characterization of mental health in cannabis dispensary users, using structured clinical interviews and standardized assessment instruments.

Yau, Jade C · 2019

Using the MINI structured clinical interview, lifetime prevalence of mental illness was high.

Medical and non-medical marijuana use in depression: Longitudinal associations with suicidal ideation, everyday functioning, and psychiatry service utilization.

Bahorik, Amber L · 2018

Researchers followed 307 psychiatry outpatients with depression over 12 months, tracking marijuana use, mental health symptoms, and treatment engagement.

Clinical Correlates of Cannabis Use Among Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Brandt, Ariel · 2018

Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, researchers examined cannabis use patterns among adults with and without ADHD.

The Psychiatric Consequences of Cannabinoids.

De Aquino, Joao P · 2018

This overview examined the psychiatric effects of both plant-based and synthetic cannabinoids across different timeframes. Acutely, cannabinoids produce multiphasic, dose-dependent effects on anxiety, mood, and perception while impairing cognition and psychomotor function.

Clinical and functional outcomes of cannabis use among individuals with anxiety disorders: A 3-year population-based longitudinal study.

Feingold, Daniel · 2018

Researchers analyzed data from 3,723 individuals with diagnosed anxiety disorders (social anxiety, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. In unadjusted analysis, remission rates from anxiety disorders decreased with increasing levels of cannabis use, suggesting cannabis worsened outcomes. However, after adjusting for baseline confounders, the association between cannabis use and lower remission rates was no longer statistically significant.

Profiles of Patients Who Use Marijuana for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Kerlin, Ann Marie · 2018

Researchers surveyed 2,357 inflammatory bowel disease patients living in states where marijuana was legal, with 1,666 (71%) completing the survey. Only 214 patients (12.8%) had asked their doctor about marijuana use, and just 73 (4.4%) used prescription marijuana. Among 234 patients living where both medical and recreational marijuana was legal, 49 (20.9%) reported using recreational marijuana specifically for IBD. Marijuana users reported high perceived benefits (80.7%).

The Impact of Cannabis Use Disorder on Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Iraq/Afghanistan-Era Veterans with and without Mental Health Disorders.

Kimbrel, Nathan A · 2018

Researchers examined the association between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and self-injury among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. After adjusting for sex, age, sexual orientation, combat exposure, traumatic life events, traumatic brain injury, PTSD, depression, alcohol use disorder, and non-cannabis drug use disorder, CUD remained significantly associated with both suicidal self-injury (OR 3.10, p = .045) and nonsuicidal self-injury (OR 5.12, p = .009). CUD was the only variable significantly associated with self-injury across all three statistical models (combined, suicidal, and nonsuicidal). The findings are consistent with prior civilian research and suggest CUD may increase veterans' risk for self-injurious behavior..

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and arrest history: Differential association of clinical characteristics by sex.

Kolla, Nathan J · 2018

Researchers surveyed 5,196 Ontario adults to examine whether ADHD predicted arrest history after controlling for other criminogenic factors. In the combined sample, conduct disorder symptoms, problematic alcohol use, and problematic cannabis use all predicted arrest history.

Pharmacological properties of cannabidiol in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a critical overview.

Mandolini, G M · 2018

Researchers reviewed all clinical studies investigating CBD as treatment for psychiatric symptoms and linked findings to pharmacological mechanisms. For schizophrenia: CBD may exert antipsychotic effects primarily through facilitation of endocannabinoid signaling and CB1 receptor antagonism.

Negative affectivity as a mechanism underlying perceived distress tolerance and cannabis use problems, barriers to cessation, and self-efficacy for quitting among urban cannabis users.

Manning, Kara · 2018

Researchers studied 203 urban adult daily cannabis users (29.2% female, mean age 37.7, 63% African American) to understand why low distress tolerance is linked to cannabis problems. Negative affectivity (the general tendency to experience negative emotions) significantly mediated the relationship between distress tolerance and multiple cannabis outcomes: - Cannabis use problems (b=-0.58, 95% CI [-1.14, -0.21]) - Cannabis withdrawal (b=-0.65, 95% CI [-1.36, -0.21]) - Self-efficacy for quitting (b=-0.83, 95% CI [-1.85, -0.22]) - Perceived barriers to cessation (b=-0.71, 95% CI [-1.51, -0.24]) In other words, people who perceive they cannot tolerate distress tend to experience more negative emotions generally, which in turn drives cannabis problems, withdrawal severity, low confidence in quitting, and perception of more barriers to stopping..

Differential relationships of PTSD and childhood trauma with the course of substance use disorders.

Mergler, Michaela · 2018

Researchers divided 459 patients with substance use disorders into three groups: childhood trauma plus PTSD (CT-PTSD, n=95), childhood trauma without PTSD (CT-only, n=134), and no trauma (n=209). A graded pattern emerged across nearly all outcomes, with CT-PTSD worst, CT-only intermediate, and no-trauma best. Both trauma groups reported significantly higher anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts than the no-trauma group. The CT-PTSD group had significantly younger age at first cannabis and alcohol use, more cannabis use in the past month, and more lifetime drug overdoses compared to the no-trauma group. The authors concluded that both childhood trauma and PTSD independently contribute to substance use severity, and treatment programs should assess and address both domains rather than focusing on one alone..

Day-Level Associations Between Substance Use and HIV Risk Behavior Among a Diverse Sample of Transgender Women.

Millar, Brett M · 2018

Researchers collected 60-day timeline follow-back data from 214 transgender women in New York City to examine day-level links between substance use and sexual risk behavior. All three substance types studied (heavy drinking, marijuana, stimulants) were associated with greater odds of any sexual activity on days when used. Critically, only marijuana use was associated with increased odds of HIV transmission risk behavior (TRB) on days when sex occurred.

Cannabis, a Significant Risk Factor for Violent Behavior in the Early Phase Psychosis. Two Patterns of Interaction of Factors Increase the Risk of Violent Behavior: Cannabis Use Disorder and Impulsivity; Cannabis Use Disorder, Lack of Insight and Treatment Adherence.

Moulin, Valerie · 2018

Researchers studied 265 early psychosis patients to understand how cannabis use disorder interacts with other risk factors for violent behavior. Cannabis use disorder was independently associated with violent behavior during treatment. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis revealed two distinct patient profiles with elevated violence rates: 1.

Is Cannabis Use Associated With the Worst Inpatient Outcomes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Adolescents?

Patel, Rikinkumar S · 2018

Researchers analyzed 11,232 ADHD adolescent hospital admissions from 2010-2014, of which 1.79% had comorbid cannabis use disorder. CUD prevalence was highest in ages 15-18 (73%) and in white adolescents (71%). ADHD adolescents with CUD had significantly worse hospitalization outcomes: - 1.8 times higher odds of hospitalization costs exceeding the median ($12,247) - 2.1 times higher odds of inpatient stays exceeding 5 days - Higher rates of transfer to acute care hospitals and skilled nursing facilities Paradoxically, CUD was associated with reduced utilization of treatments: - Psychotropic medication use reduced by 55% (aOR = 0.448) - Behavioral therapy use reduced by 59% (aOR = 0.412) CUD dramatically increased alcohol abuse risk: 17-fold higher odds (aOR = 17.141)..

Alcohol and Drug Use, Pain and Psychiatric Symptoms among Adults Seeking Outpatient Psychiatric Treatment: Latent Class Patterns and Relationship to Health Status.

Ramo, Danielle E · 2018

Four classes emerged: moderate symptoms with wide-range drug use (22%), moderate depression/panic only (38%), depression/anxiety with tobacco and cannabis (28%), and severe wide-range symptoms and substance use (12%).

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and addictions (substance and behavioral): Prevalence and characteristics in a multicenter study in France.

Romo, Lucia · 2018

Students with ADHD had significantly higher scores on substance use measures (alcohol, cannabis, tobacco) and behavioral addictions (gambling, compulsive buying, eating disorders, internet addiction) compared to non-ADHD students.

Is cannabis a risk factor for suicide attempts in men and women with psychotic illness?

Waterreus, A · 2018

In unadjusted analyses, daily cannabis users of both sexes had significantly increased odds of suicide attempts.

Reciprocal relationships between substance use and disorders and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism.

Agrawal, Arpana · 2017

In a prospective cohort of over 3,200 participants, suicide attempts were associated with significantly increased odds of subsequently developing dependence on alcohol, nicotine, or cannabis (odds ratios 1.44 to 1.61).

Alcohol, cannabis and other drugs and subsequent suicide ideation and attempt among young Mexicans.

Borges, Guilherme · 2017

In a prospective study following 1,071 young Mexicans from 2005 to 2013, cannabis use before age 15 was associated with nearly 4 times the risk of suicidal ideation (RR=3.97) and over 5 times the risk of suicide attempt (RR=5.23). Early-onset cannabis use disorder among cannabis users tripled the risk of ideation (RR=3.30) and quadrupled the risk of attempt (RR=4.14).

Trends of Cannabis Use Disorder in the Inpatient: 2002 to 2011.

Charilaou, Paris · 2017

Among nearly 2.8 million hospital admissions with documented cannabis abuse/dependence (0.91% of all admissions), prevalence increased from 0.52% to 1.34% over the decade.

The effects of synthetic cannabinoids on executive function.

Cohen, K · 2017

Across two study sites (Hungary and Israel), 38 synthetic cannabinoid users were compared with 43 recreational cannabis users and 41 non-users on computerized cognitive tests. Synthetic cannabinoid users performed significantly worse than both other groups on the n-back task (working memory accuracy), the Stroop task (response speed and accuracy, measuring inhibition), and a free-recall memory task (long-term memory).

Cannabis: An Overview of its Adverse Acute and Chronic Effects and its Implications.

Ford, Talitha C · 2017

The review surveyed evidence across multiple domains of cannabis harm.

Cannabis and development of dual diagnoses: A literature review.

Hanna, Rebecca C · 2017

This narrative review examined the relationship between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders across multiple categories.

Reductions in cannabis use are associated with improvements in anxiety, depression, and sleep quality, but not quality of life.

Hser, Yih-Ing · 2017

This study tracked 302 adults with cannabis use disorder over 12 weeks of a medication trial, splitting them into those whose cannabis use decreased and those whose use increased. The cannabis reduction group (152 people) showed statistically significant improvements in anxiety, depression, and sleep quality compared to the cannabis increase group (150 people), even after controlling for demographics, treatment condition, and concurrent tobacco and alcohol use. However, reductions in cannabis use did not translate into improved overall quality of life.

Cannabis use disorder and suicide attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans.

Kimbrel, Nathan A · 2017

This study examined the relationship between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and suicidal behavior in a large sample of 3,233 Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. Veterans with lifetime CUD had significantly higher odds of both current suicidal ideation (OR = 1.683) and lifetime suicide attempts (OR = 2.306).

Frequency of Cannabis Use Among Primary Care Patients in Washington State.

Lapham, Gwen T · 2017

This study analyzed cannabis use screening results from 22,095 primary care patients in Washington State, one of the first states to legalize recreational cannabis. Overall, 15.3% reported any past-year cannabis use and 3.1% reported daily use.

Evidence for the use of "medical marijuana" in psychiatric and neurologic disorders.

Noel, Christopher · 2017

This review took a deliberately narrow approach, examining only randomized clinical trials of phytocannabinoids (plant-derived cannabis) for psychiatric and neurologic conditions, excluding synthetic products like dronabinol and nabilone. The search identified trials in dementia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, social anxiety disorder, depression, tobacco use disorder, and neuropathic pain. The overall evidence base was thin.

Recreational stimulants, herbal, and spice cannabis: The core psychobiological processes that underlie their damaging effects.

Parrott, Andrew C · 2017

The review proposes that all recreational psychoactive drugs, including cannabis, cause harm through a shared core mechanism: acute mood gains followed by mood deficits on withdrawal, creating a cycle of psychobiological fluctuations. These mood swings are surface indicators of deeper disruptions.

Gender differences among treatment-seeking adults with cannabis use disorder: Clinical profiles of women and men enrolled in the achieving cannabis cessation-evaluating N-acetylcysteine treatment (ACCENT) study.

Sherman, Brian J · 2017

Comparing 86 women and 216 men entering a multi-site cannabis cessation trial, women presented with a more clinically complex picture despite using cannabis at similar rates and quantities. Women reported significantly greater withdrawal intensity (p = 0.001) and negative impact of withdrawal (p = 0.001), driven primarily by physiological and mood symptoms.

A review of Indian research on co-occurring cannabis use disorders& psychiatric disorders.

Singh, Shalini · 2017

The review identified 52 published Indian studies on co-occurring cannabis use disorders and psychiatric conditions.

Pros and Cons of Medical Cannabis use by People with Chronic Brain Disorders.

Suryadevara, Uma · 2017

The review examined evidence on cannabis use across six brain disorders, finding a mixed picture that varied dramatically by condition. Neurological disorders with some benefit: Cannabis reduced pain and spasticity in multiple sclerosis, decreased tremor, rigidity, and pain in Parkinson's disease, and improved quality of life in ALS by helping appetite, pain, and spasticity.

Psychosocial determinants of marijuana use among African American youth.

Vidourek, Rebecca A · 2017

A survey of 7,488 African American students from 133 metropolitan schools found that 18.5% reported past-year marijuana use, with males significantly more likely to use than females. Risk factors for marijuana use included getting in trouble at school and with police, and attending parties where alcohol and other drugs were present.

Cannabis and neuropsychiatry, 1: benefits and risks.

Andrade, Chittaranjan · 2016

This review summarized the evidence on both benefits and risks of cannabis and cannabinoids.

Prenatal, perinatal, and adolescent exposure to marijuana: Relationships with aggressive behavior.

Barthelemy, Olivier J · 2016

This review examined the evidence linking marijuana exposure at three developmental periods (prenatal, perinatal, and adolescent) to aggressive behavior. For prenatal exposure, the evidence provided minimal support for a direct relationship with aggressive behavior in childhood.

Associations between Polygenic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Involvement.

Carey, Caitlin E · 2016

Researchers tested whether genetic risk for five psychiatric disorders (ADHD, autism, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia) predicted involvement with five substances (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, nicotine, and opioids) in 2,573 European-American participants. A combined cross-disorder psychiatric risk score significantly predicted general substance involvement, explaining about 1.1% of variance.

Relationship between marijuana and other illicit drug use and depression/suicidal thoughts among late middle-aged and older adults.

Choi, Namkee G · 2016

Researchers analyzed data from nearly 30,000 Americans aged 50 and older to examine the relationship between marijuana use and depression and suicidal thoughts in this understudied population. About 6% of adults over 50 reported past-year illicit drug use.

Trends and correlates of substance use disorders among probationers and parolees in the United States 2002-2014.

Fearn, Noelle E · 2016

Using national survey data from 2002 to 2014, researchers found that people on probation or parole had dramatically higher rates of substance use disorders across every category compared to the general population. Marijuana abuse and dependence were significantly elevated in this group, though alcohol-related disorders were still two to six times more common than marijuana-related ones.

Cannabis Involvement and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Discordant Twin Approach.

Few, Lauren R · 2016

Researchers studied nearly 10,000 Australian twins to untangle whether cannabis use leads to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) or whether both behaviors stem from shared genetic and environmental factors. Lifetime cannabis use was associated with a 2.84 times higher odds of self-injury.

Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom profiles and concurrent problems with alcohol and cannabis: sex differences in a representative, population survey.

Kolla, Nathan J · 2016

ADHD and substance misuse frequently co-occur, but this study asked whether specific ADHD symptom profiles (hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity) predicted substance problems differently in men versus women. After controlling for age, education, and other psychiatric symptoms, the patterns were strikingly sex-specific: In men: hyperactive symptoms were linked to problematic alcohol use, and both hyperactive and impulsive symptoms were linked to problematic cannabis use. In women: inattentive symptoms were the predictor for both problematic alcohol and cannabis use, while hyperactivity and impulsivity were not significant. Across all models, externalizing behavior (conduct problems, antisocial behavior) was the strongest overall predictor, and younger age was consistently associated with higher risk..

The impact of ADHD persistence, recent cannabis use, and age of regular cannabis use onset on subcortical volume and cortical thickness in young adults.

Lisdahl, Krista M · 2016

Researchers compared brain structure in young adults with and without childhood ADHD who did or did not use cannabis regularly.

Abnormal medial prefrontal cortex activity in heavy cannabis users during conscious emotional evaluation.

Wesley, Michael J · 2016

Researchers used fMRI to compare brain activity between 16 heavy cannabis users and 17 non-using controls as they evaluated emotional images from a standardized set (IAPS). Both groups identified the same images as emotional and showed similar activation in visual, midbrain, and middle cingulate regions.

Predicting later problematic cannabis use from psychopathological symptoms during childhood and adolescence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study.

Zohsel, Katrin · 2016

In a cohort followed from birth to age 25, childhood conduct and oppositional defiant behaviors (measured between ages 4.5 and 11) predicted problematic cannabis use in young adulthood.

Not in Education, Employment, or Training status among young Swiss men. Longitudinal associations with mental health and substance use.

Baggio, Stéphanie · 2015

This study tracked 4,758 young Swiss men in their early 20s to understand what leads to becoming "NEET" (Not in Education, Employment, or Training).

The impact of cannabis use on clinical outcomes in recent onset psychosis.

Barrowclough, Christine · 2015

This study followed 110 people with early psychosis who also had cannabis abuse or dependence, measuring their substance use and symptoms at four time points over 18 months.

Psychological, social and familial factors associated with tobacco cessation among young adults.

Bowes, Lucy · 2015

Researchers followed 678 regular smokers from a French cohort study (mean age 28.9) who had smoked for an average of 10.5 years.

The relationship between cannabis involvement and suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Delforterie, M J · 2015

Researchers analyzed data from 9,583 individuals (58.5% female, aged 27-40) from the Australian Twin Registry, examining relationships between cannabis use levels and suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Internalizing and externalizing psychopathology as predictors of cannabis use disorder onset during adolescence and early adulthood.

Farmer, Richard F · 2015

Researchers followed 816 participants through four diagnostic assessments between ages 16 and 30 to determine which psychiatric problems preceded the development of cannabis use disorders (CUDs).

Cannabis use and mania symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gibbs, Melanie · 2015

Researchers conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching five databases for prospective studies on cannabis use and mania.

Prevalence of marijuana use disorders in the United States between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013

Hasin, Deborah S. · 2015

Past-year cannabis use rose from 4.1% of adults in 2001-2002 to 9.5% in 2012-2013.

Brain activation to negative stimuli mediates a relationship between adolescent marijuana use and later emotional functioning.

Heitzeg, Mary M · 2015

Researchers tracked 40 participants from the Michigan Longitudinal Study, comparing 20 heavy marijuana users with 20 minimal-use controls.

Impact of Cannabis Use on Long-Term Remission in Bipolar I and Schizoaffective Disorder.

Kim, Sung-Wan · 2015

Researchers followed 234 patients with bipolar I disorder or schizoaffective disorder for 24 months.

Can cannabis use be prevented by targeting personality risk in schools? Twenty-four-month outcome of the adventure trial on cannabis use: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Mahu, Ioan T · 2015

Researchers randomized 21 London secondary schools to receive either personality-targeted interventions or standard programming.

Descriptive epidemiology of major depressive disorder in Canada in 2012.

Patten, Scott B · 2015

This national epidemiological survey assessed major depressive disorder in 25,113 Canadians using diagnostic interviews.

Influences of behavior and academic problems at school entry on marijuana use transitions during adolescence in an African-American sample.

Reboussin, Beth A · 2015

Researchers tracked 458 low-income, urban African American children from first grade through early high school to see how early academic and behavior problems related to later marijuana use. Two behavior problem classes emerged at school entry: externalizing (acting out) and attention/concentration difficulties.

Cannabis use in early adolescence: Evidence of amygdala hypersensitivity to signals of threat.

Spechler, Philip A · 2015

Researchers used fMRI to compare 70 fourteen-year-olds with cannabis use history to 70 carefully matched never-using controls while they watched short videos of angry and neutral faces. Cannabis users showed significantly greater bilateral amygdala reactivity to angry faces compared to neutral faces.

Cannabis and bipolar disorder: does quitting cannabis use during manic/mixed episode improve clinical/functional outcomes?

Zorrilla, I · 2015

Researchers followed 1,922 adults with bipolar disorder over two years, dividing them into three groups based on cannabis use during a manic or mixed episode: current users (6.9%), previous users who quit during the episode (4.6%), and never-users (88.5%). Patients who stopped using cannabis during their manic episode showed clinical and functional outcomes statistically similar to those who never used cannabis.

Cannabis use and first manic episode.

Bally, Nathalie · 2014

This review examined the relationship between cannabis use and the onset of mania in bipolar disorder.

Developmental trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood: relationship with using weapons including guns.

Brook, Judith S · 2014

In a longitudinal study of 838 inner-city African American and Puerto Rican participants, researchers identified distinct trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood and examined their association with violent behavior.

Cannabis use and suicidal ideations in high-school students.

Chabrol, Henri · 2014

Researchers surveyed 972 high school students on cannabis use, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, social anxiety, and personality traits.

The moderating effects of sex and age on the association between traumatic brain injury and harmful psychological correlates among adolescents.

Ilie, Gabriela · 2014

In a population-based survey of 9,288 Ontario students in grades 7-12, lifetime traumatic brain injury (TBI) was reported by 23.1% of males and 17.1% of females.

Subtypes of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cannabis use

Loflin, Mallory · 2014

Among daily cannabis users, a higher proportion met symptom criteria for ADHD subtypes that include hyperactive‑impulsive symptoms compared with the inattentive subtype.

The effect of clozapine and risperidone on attentional bias in patients with schizophrenia and a cannabis use disorder: An fMRI study.

Machielsen, Marise Wj · 2014

In a randomized trial of 36 patients with schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder, those treated with clozapine showed larger reductions in subjective craving and decreased activation of the insula during a cannabis-word Stroop task compared to those on risperidone.

Proximal and time-varying effects of cigarette, alcohol, marijuana and other hard drug use on adolescent dating aggression.

McNaughton Reyes, H Luz · 2014

Using data tracking students from 8th through 12th grade, researchers found distinct patterns by substance type and sex.

Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.

McPartland, John M · 2014

The review identified multiple categories of clinical interventions that enhance the endocannabinoid system.

Functional connectivity alterations in brain networks relevant to self-awareness in chronic cannabis users.

Pujol, Jesus · 2014

Compared to 29 controls, 28 heavy cannabis users showed increased functional connectivity within the core of the Default Mode Network and Insula Network, and enhanced anticorrelation between these two networks.

Factors associated with the development of self-harm amongst a socio-economically deprived cohort of adolescents in Santiago, Chile.

Spears, Melissa · 2014

In a cohort of 2,042 adolescents from socioeconomically deprived areas of Santiago, Chile, the lifetime prevalence of self-harm was 23%.

Cannabis use and first-episode psychosis: relationship with manic and psychotic symptoms, and with age at presentation.

Stone, J M · 2014

In 502 patients with first-episode psychosis tracked across London-based Early Intervention teams, cannabis use level was associated with younger age at presentation to services and with manic symptoms and conceptual disorganization, but not with delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, or daily functioning. The most striking finding was in the longitudinal data: cannabis users who reduced or stopped their use following initial contact with psychiatric services showed the greatest improvement in symptoms at one year, compared to both continued users and non-users.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, other mental health problems, substance use, and driving: examination of a population-based, representative canadian sample.

Vingilis, Evelyn · 2014

Of 3,485 licensed drivers surveyed, 3.22% screened positive for ADHD symptoms.

Discontinuous college enrollment: associations with substance use and mental health.

Arria, Amelia M · 2013

Researchers followed 1,145 college students for four years.

Changes in cannabis use among young people: impact on mental health.

Copeland, Jan · 2013

The review examined current trends in youth cannabis use and their mental health implications.

Clinical features associated with trait-impulsiveness in euthymic bipolar disorder patients.

Etain, B · 2013

Researchers compared impulsivity scores between 385 stable (euthymic) bipolar patients and 185 healthy controls.

Prevalence and correlates of heavy smoking and nicotine dependence in adolescents with bipolar and cannabis use disorders.

Heffner, Jaimee L · 2013

Eighty adolescents (ages 13-22) with both bipolar I disorder and cannabis abuse or dependence were assessed for tobacco use.

Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders among individuals with mental illness

Lev-Ran, Shaul · 2013

People reporting a 12-month mental illness had much higher rates of cannabis involvement than those without.

Longitudinal associations of cannabis and illicit drug use with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among Nova Scotia high school students.

Rasic, Daniel · 2013

Nine hundred seventy-six students surveyed in grade 10 and again in grade 12 were assessed for cannabis, illicit drug use, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts.

Prevalence and sociodemographic associations of common mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of the general population of Greece.

Skapinakis, Petros · 2013

A survey of 4,894 Greeks found 14% had clinically significant psychiatric morbidity (17% females, 11% males).

Cannabis use as an indicator of risk for mental health problems in adolescents: a population-based study at secondary schools.

van Gastel, W A · 2013

In a survey of 10,324 secondary school students aged 11 to 16, past-month cannabis use was associated with a 4.5-fold increase in the odds of clinically relevant mental health problems as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

State of the art treatments for cannabis dependence.

Danovitch, Itai · 2012

This comprehensive review painted a sobering but nuanced picture of cannabis dependence treatment.

Borderline personality traits and substance use: genetic factors underlie the association with smoking and ever use of cannabis, but not with high alcohol consumption.

Distel, Marijn A · 2012

Researchers studied 5,638 Dutch and Belgian twins aged 21-50 from 3,567 families.

Cigarette smoking and its relationship to mood disorder symptoms and co-occurring alcohol and cannabis use disorders following first hospitalization for bipolar disorder.

Heffner, Jaimee L · 2012

Researchers followed 161 adolescents and adults with bipolar I disorder after their first hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode, for up to 8 years.

Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife

Meier, Madeline H. · 2012

People who used cannabis persistently across early adulthood showed declines across multiple neuropsychological domains by age 38 compared to their own pre-use performance at age 13.

Psychopathologic differences between cannabis-induced psychoses and recent-onset primary psychoses with abuse of cannabis.

Rubio, Gabriel · 2012

Among 181 patients with psychotic symptoms and cannabis use, 50 were diagnosed with cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD) and 104 with primary psychotic disorders.

Impact of an 18-month, NHS-based, treatment exposure for heroin dependence: results from the London Area Treat 2000 Study.

Schifano, Fabrizio · 2012

Researchers followed 100 heroin-dependent people in London over 18 months of NHS treatment.

Early substance use initiation and suicide ideation and attempts among students in France and the United States.

Swahn, Monica H · 2012

Researchers analyzed data from over 28,000 students across France and the United States.

Adverse effects of cannabis.

· 2011

This comprehensive review examined multiple categories of cannabis adverse effects using systematic methodology. Acute effects included mental slowness, impaired reaction times, and occasionally heightened anxiety.

Associations of social phobia and general anxiety with alcohol and drug use in a community sample of adolescents.

Fröjd, Sari · 2011

Researchers followed Finnish adolescents aged 15-16 at baseline over two years to examine how anxiety related to substance use. Anxiety preceded substance use, but no reciprocal effect was found (substance use did not predict anxiety).

Early intervention for psychosis.

Marshall, Max · 2011

This Cochrane systematic review examined whether early intervention could improve outcomes in psychosis across 18 RCTs with 1,808 participants. For psychosis prevention in prodromal patients: olanzapine showed little benefit, CBT was similarly inconclusive, risperidone plus CBT showed short-term benefit at 6 months but not 12 months, and omega-3 fatty acids showed a promising but unreplicated result. For first-episode psychosis treatment: specialized early intervention teams showed some benefit for treatment retention and independent living at 5 years.

Treatment of cannabis use among people with psychotic or depressive disorders: a systematic review.

Baker, Amanda L · 2010

From 1,713 initial articles, only 7 randomized controlled trials reported cannabis use outcomes from pharmacological or psychological interventions in mental health patients. The limited evidence suggested two key findings: 1.

Suicidal ideation among young French adults: association with occupation, family, sexual activity, personal background and drug use.

Legleye, S · 2010

Researchers surveyed 4,075 French adults aged 18-30 about suicidal ideation, substance use, and psychosocial factors. Suicidal ideation in the previous year affected 5.7% of men and 4.9% of women. Depression was the strongest predictor for both sexes (adjusted OR approximately 8).

Cannabis use and cognitive functioning in first-episode schizophrenia patients.

Rodríguez-Sánchez, José Manuel · 2010

Researchers compared cognitive functioning between cannabis-using and non-using patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Cannabis and anxiety: a critical review of the evidence

Crippa, Jose Alexandre S. · 2009

Acute anxiety reactions and panic attacks were commonly reported during cannabis intoxication.

The future of endocannabinoid-oriented clinical research after CB1 antagonists.

Le Foll, Bernard · 2009

Rimonabant, the first clinically available CB1 receptor antagonist, showed promise for treating obesity, metabolic syndrome, and potentially drug addiction.

Does cannabis use affect treatment outcome in bipolar disorder? A longitudinal analysis.

van Rossum, Inge · 2009

In an observational study of 3,459 bipolar disorder patients (both inpatient and outpatient), researchers tracked the influence of cannabis use on treatment outcomes over one year. Cannabis users exhibited less medication compliance and higher levels of overall illness severity, mania, and psychosis compared to non-users throughout the 12-month treatment period. Cannabis users also experienced less life satisfaction and had a lower probability of being in a relationship. There was little evidence that these associations were explained by third variables (mediators), suggesting an independent impact of cannabis on clinical outcomes in bipolar disorder. The impact on psychopathological outcomes was pronounced, while the impact on social outcomes was more modest..

Sequencing of substance use and affective morbidity in 166 first-episode bipolar I disorder patients.

Baethge, Christopher · 2008

Researchers followed 166 first-episode bipolar I disorder patients for an average of 4.7 years, tracking the timing of substance use relative to mood episodes on a quarterly basis. Cannabis use selectively and strongly preceded and coincided with mania and hypomania.

Does cannabis use lead to depression and suicidal behaviours? A population-based longitudinal study.

Pedersen, W · 2008

This population-based longitudinal study followed 2,033 Norwegians over 13 years from early adolescence to their late twenties. Cannabis use in early adolescence showed no associations with later depression or suicidal behaviors.

Parental alcoholism predicts suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults with cannabis dependence.

Arendt, Mikkel · 2007

Researchers assessed 119 heavy cannabis users recruited from 19 substance treatment centers in Denmark.

A comparison of symptoms and family history in schizophrenia with and without prior cannabis use: implications for the concept of cannabis psychosis.

Boydell, J · 2007

The study examined 757 people experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia, of whom 182 (24%) had used cannabis in the year before their first presentation. After controlling for age, sex, and ethnicity, researchers found no statistically significant differences in any measured symptom between cannabis users and non-users.

Does occasional cannabis use impact anxiety and depression treatment outcomes?: Results from a randomized effectiveness trial.

Bricker, Jonathan B · 2007

In a randomized trial of 232 adults with anxiety and panic disorders, researchers examined whether occasional cannabis use affected treatment outcomes. Participants receiving a combined cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication intervention showed similar improvements in anxiety regardless of cannabis use frequency.

Suicidal ideation and associated factors among in-school adolescents in Zambia.

Muula, A S · 2007

Using data from the 2004 Zambia Global School-Based Health Survey, researchers analyzed responses from 1,970 in-school adolescents regarding suicidal ideation and behavioral risk factors. Overall, 31.3% of students reported having seriously considered suicide in the past 12 months, with no significant difference between males (31.1%) and females (31.4%).

Comorbid substance use and age at onset of schizophrenia.

Barnes, Thomas R E · 2006

Researchers studied 152 people recruited to the West London First-Episode Schizophrenia Study.

Clinical trial of abstinence-based vouchers and cognitive-behavioral therapy for cannabis dependence

Budney, Alan J. · 2006

Three groups were compared for 14 weeks: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone, abstinence-based voucher incentives alone, and the combination.

Changes in cannabis use and its consequences over 3 years in a remote indigenous population in northern Australia.

Clough, Alan R · 2006

Researchers conducted a 3-year follow-up in remote Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia.

Cognitive consequences of cannabis use: comparison with abuse of stimulants and heroin with regard to attention, memory and executive functions.

Lundqvist, Thomas · 2005

This review compared cognitive consequences across different drug classes using neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence. Cannabis acutely causes loss of internal control and cognitive impairment, particularly in attention and memory.

Review of the validity and significance of cannabis withdrawal syndrome

Budney, Alan J. · 2004

Across human laboratory studies and clinical reports, a reproducible cluster of symptoms showed up after discontinuing chronic heavy cannabis or THC use.

Self-reported psychopathological symptoms in recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users are mainly associated with regular cannabis use: further evidence from a combined cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation.

Daumann, Jörg · 2004

At baseline, ecstasy users reported significantly more psychological complaints than controls.

Cannabis use and age at onset of schizophrenia.

Veen, Natalie D · 2004

Researchers conducted a population-based, first-contact incidence study in The Hague, Netherlands, examining 133 schizophrenia patients.

Cannabis use as described by people with multiple sclerosis.

Page, S A · 2003

Of 420 MS patients who completed the survey (62% response rate), 96% were aware that cannabis could potentially be therapeutically useful for MS and 72% supported legalization for medical purposes.

Precipitation and determination of the onset and course of schizophrenia by substance abuse--a retrospective and prospective study of 232 population-based first illness episodes.

Bühler, Babette · 2002

People experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia were twice as likely as controls to have a lifetime history of substance abuse (alcohol abuse: 23.7% vs 12.3%; drug abuse: 14.2% vs 7.0%).

Cannabis abuse as a risk factor for depressive symptoms.

Bovasso, G B · 2001

Researchers leveraged a 15-year follow-up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study to test a crucial question: does cannabis cause depression, or do depressed people self-medicate with cannabis? The answer was one-directional.

Substance dependence and other psychiatric disorders among drug dependent subjects: race and gender correlates.

Compton, W M · 2000

Researchers interviewed drug-dependent individuals in treatment using a structured diagnostic tool.

Cannabis, vulnerability, and the onset of schizophrenia: an epidemiological perspective.

Hambrecht, M · 2000

From a German population of 1.5 million, researchers identified 232 first-episode schizophrenia patients and carefully mapped the timeline of cannabis abuse relative to the onset of psychotic symptoms. Thirteen percent had a history of cannabis abuse, double the rate in matched controls.

The impact of substance abuse on the course of bipolar disorder.

Strakowski, S M · 2000

Researchers followed 50 new-onset bipolar disorder patients over time, tracking the temporal relationship between substance abuse symptoms and mood episodes. A striking dissociation emerged between alcohol and cannabis.

The short-term consequences of early onset cannabis use.

Fergusson, D M · 1996

Researchers followed a New Zealand birth cohort to examine what happened to children who began using cannabis before age 15.

Feasibility and acceptability of a physical activity intervention to reduce prenatal cannabis use: results of an open pilot trial.

Battle, Cynthia L · 2026

Prenatal cannabis use dropped from 62.5% at baseline to 16.6% by 36 weeks gestation; daily steps increased from 5,738 to 6,562; anxiety and depression significantly decreased; 88% retention rate with mean 5.8/6 sessions attended..

Randomised Controlled Trial Evidence on Medicinal Cannabis for Treatment of Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: A Scoping Review.

Cooling, Sophie · 2026

This scoping review mapped all available randomized controlled trial evidence on medicinal cannabis for mental health conditions classified by the DSM-5.

The Paradoxical Effect of Cannabis Use on Cognition in Chronic Psychotic Disorders.

Gorea, Fiorela · 2026

In 105 psychiatric inpatients with psychotic disorders, cannabis users had higher MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, a brief test of thinking skills) scores than non-users.

Influence of cannabis use on length of stay in patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit.

Hoerth, Oliver · 2026

Cannabis use was associated with 0.9-day shorter length of stay and 18.1% higher event capture rate in the EMU, alongside significantly higher rates of psychosocial comorbidities: 12.6% physical abuse, 11.1% sexual abuse, 10.2% mental abuse, 18.9% higher MDD rates, and 22.1% higher GAD rates..

Phase 1 Open-Label Pilot Trial of H4 Deep Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Cannabis Use Disorder.

MacKillop, James · 2026

This phase 1 pilot study tested whether deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) using the H4 coil — already approved for tobacco use disorder — could be safely applied to adults with moderate-to-severe cannabis use disorder who were seeking treatment. Participants received 18 sessions over four weeks (five sessions per week for three weeks, then three sessions in week four), with each session delivering electromagnetic pulses to the lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior insula — brain regions implicated in addiction. The primary findings focused on feasibility and tolerability: treatment completion rates (indicating feasibility), attainment of therapeutic dose (≥90% of resting motor threshold), and adverse event profiles (indicating tolerability).

Cannabis Use Behaviors and Desired Interventions Among Postpartum Individuals With Frequent Cannabis Use in Early Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study.

Ogden, Shannon N · 2026

Of 17 postpartum patients who used cannabis daily or weekly in early pregnancy, 15 reported postpartum cannabis use and 10 reported use while breastfeeding.

Cannabinoids and drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions: Deciphering the risks.

Papakyriakopoulou, Paraskevi · 2026

This review mapped the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions involving cannabinoids across the full ADME framework (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion). The metabolism interactions are the most clinically significant.

University belonging and college cannabis use at a northeast university: The role of depression and anxiety symptoms.

Rathod, K · 2026

About 50% of college students reported past-month cannabis use.

Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping-Oriented Cannabis Use: The Moderating Role of Positive Cannabis Expectancies.

Reyes, Lauren D · 2026

The interaction between anxiety sensitivity and positive cannabis expectancies was significant: the link between anxiety sensitivity and coping-oriented use was stronger when positive expectancies were high.

The Effects of Extended Cannabis Abstinence in Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder.

Rodas, Justyne D · 2026

In this open-label pilot study, 21 veterans with both PTSD and cannabis use disorder attempted 12 weeks of cannabis abstinence with contingency reinforcement (progressive payments for confirmed abstinence at weeks 4, 8, and 12). Eleven participants achieved sustained abstinence; ten did not.

The role of the endocannabinoid system in the interplay of adverse childhood experiences and interleukin 6 in individuals with borderline personality disorder.

Spohrs, Jennifer · 2026

People with BPD had higher IL-6 levels than healthy controls.

Latent profiles of cannabis use patterns and associations with eating pathology outcomes.

Stanley, Taylor B · 2026

Four profiles of cannabis users were identified: infrequent/low-risk, intense/mild-risk, high-risk coping with strong eating changes, and frequent/mild-risk.

Effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on offspring mental health: A focus on the role of the immune system.

Vecchiarelli, Haley A · 2026

In both human and rodent studies using vaporized exposure, cannabis use during pregnancy was associated with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the placenta.

In Their Own Words: A Qualitative Exploration of Veterans' Perspectives and Experiences of Medical Cannabis Use.

Ward, Rachel · 2026

Veterans used cannabis for a variety of health conditions and perceived few or no harms, or felt benefits outweighed risks.

Characteristics of Youth With Recent Substance Use With and Without Substance Use Disorder Presenting for Primary Mental Healthcare in Australia: Baseline Findings From the INTEGRATE Trial.

Ahounbar, Ellie · 2025

Comparing 51 youth with a current SUD to 21 without a lifetime SUD diagnosis, those with SUD endorsed more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, lower quality of life and role functioning, more alcohol-related problems, and higher frequency cannabis use.

Case Report: Substance fixation in autism spectrum disorder with resultant anorexia nervosa.

Arney, Lucas · 2025

A 26-year-old man with long-standing ASD developed a pattern of obsessive alcohol use associated with weight gain, followed by extreme food restriction, then transition to near-constant daily cannabis use.

Cannabidiol Induced Manic Episode: A Case Report.

Auf, Anas Ibn · 2025

A 31-year-old male with no psychiatric history developed irritability, decreased need for sleep, hyperactivity, and aggression after three months of escalating daily CBD use via vaping, reaching high doses before admission.

Outdated tools, underestimated harm: Modernizing cannabis surveillance in a post-legalization era.

Bahji, Anees · 2025

Canada legalized non-medical cannabis in 2018 as a public health initiative.

The Effects of an Acute Dose of Cannabidiol on Health and Two-Mile Time Trial Performance-A Pilot Study.

Bell, Elyssa R · 2025

CBD has become popular among athletes for recovery and anxiety, but does it actually affect performance? This small crossover study gave 12 runners either 300 mg of CBD or placebo capsules two hours before a 2-mile treadmill time trial and measured everything from mood to physiology. The mood findings were clear: CBD significantly increased feelings of calm (21% more than placebo) and relaxation (22% more).

Agitation in Alzheimer's Disease as a Qualifying Condition for Medical Cannabis in the United States: A Brief Report on Current Trends.

Bonar, Erin E · 2025

Agitation in Alzheimer's disease is a devastating symptom affecting up to 70% of patients, and current pharmaceutical options carry significant risks, including increased mortality from antipsychotics.

Exploring Peripartum Cannabis Use Among Young Sexual Minority People: A Qualitative Study.

Boss, Nicole · 2025

Three themes emerged: (1) cannabis use was contextually adaptive, changing with social situation, mental health, and stress but not directly related to sexuality; (2) pregnancy served as a potential turning point, with most trying to reduce or abstain; (3) facilitating factors for reduction included focusing on financial costs, social environment changes, health guidance access, and replacement hobbies..

Imposter Syndrome and Cannabis-Related Problems: The Roles of Social Anxiety and Coping-Motivated Cannabis Use.

Buckner, Julia · 2025

Imposter syndrome was significantly related to cannabis problems and to using cannabis to cope with negative emotions, particularly social anxiety.

A Naturalistic Examination of the Acute Effects of High-Potency Cannabis on Emotion Regulation Among Young Adults: A Pilot Study.

Cavalli, Jessica M · 2025

Participants reported more positive mood and decreased anxiety while intoxicated, but no evidence that acute high-potency cannabis affected implicit (Emotional Go/No-Go) or explicit (cognitive reappraisal) emotion regulation performance..

Endocannabinoid system and mood responses to acute aerobic exercise in adult cancer patients versus healthy controls: a pilot study.

Cheema, Birinder S · 2025

The 'runner's high' was long attributed to endorphins, but recent research has shifted the credit to the endocannabinoid system — specifically anandamide, the body's own cannabis-like molecule.

Vortioxetine improves illness severity for cannabis users with anxiety and depressive symptoms in a 6-month randomized controlled study.

Chung, Albert Kar Kin · 2025

Vortioxetine (10mg/day) improved clinician-observed mood (p<.05) but not self-reported anxiety or depression; no improvement in cannabis dependence, cognition, or functional outcomes; standard treatment group showed no improvement..

Rates and Clinical Correlates of Cannabis Use in Trichotillomania and Skin Picking Disorder.

Collins, Madison · 2025

Approximately 33% of individuals with trichotillomania or skin picking disorder reported past-year cannabis use.

The Role of Childhood Trauma in Chronic Pain and Substance Use Among Individuals Receiving Methadone Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.

Costa, Gabriel P A · 2025

Higher childhood trauma scores correlated with greater pain severity, increased alcohol consumption, and earlier age of first cannabis use.

Comparative Analysis of Cannabidiol and Risperidone on Behavioral and Neurochemical Outcomes, and Neurodevelopment Markers in a Zebrafish Model of Embryonic Exposure to Sodium Valproate.

Costa, Karla C M · 2025

CBD treatment reversed VPA-induced hyperlocomotion and aggression in zebrafish, reduced lipid peroxidation, restored anandamide levels, and normalized markers of glial function.

Effects of Medical Cannabis Treatment for Autistic Children on Family Accommodation: An Open-Label Mixed-Methods Study.

David, Ayelet · 2025

Quantitative results showed reductions in family accommodation frequency and parental distress at 3 and 6 months.

Effects of Medical Cannabis Treatment for Autistic Children on Anxiety and Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors and Interests: An Open-Label Study.

David, Ayelet · 2025

Significant reductions in overall anxiety and specific subtypes (general, social, panic, separation) after 6 months.

Cannabis use frequency is associated with emotion dysregulation among persons receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: A psychophysiological study.

De Aquino, Joao P · 2025

Smaller reductions in skin conductance and corrugator muscle activity during emotion regulation tasks were associated with more days of cannabis use over 90 days.

Medical Cannabis and Psychological Well-Being in Illinois' Opioid Alternative Pilot Program.

Dubois, Cerina · 2025

Average psychological well-being was 3.18 out of 5 (good) across the full sample.

Characterizing proximal risk for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation with acute cannabis use and withdrawal among adolescents using ecological momentary assessment: Study protocol.

Feibus, Isabella · 2025

Heavy cannabis use and depression frequently co-occur in adolescents, with cannabis users at increased risk of major depressive episodes and suicidal ideation.

Role Strain Among Parents Who are Medical Cannabis Patients in Pennsylvania.

Finkelstein, Maddy · 2025

In 24 qualitative interviews, parents who were medical cannabis patients in Pennsylvania described cannabis as supporting their parental role through symptom reduction, mood improvement, and increased patience.

Sex-Dependent Effects of MAOA Genotypes on the Relations Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Aggression, and Cannabis Use in Emerging Adults.

Fite, Paula J · 2025

Among 498 emerging adults, males with the low-activity MAOA gene variant (MAOA-L) who experienced childhood sexual abuse and used cannabis reported using it specifically for coping at higher rates than other groups.

Association of Frequent Cannabis Use and Symptoms of Depression among Black College Students.

Floyd, Leah J · 2025

Among 221 African American HBCU students, 30% reported frequent cannabis use.

Early onset marijuana use and suicidal ideation among African American college students.

Floyd, Leah J · 2025

19% reported suicidal ideation, 28% reported early onset use.

Parent Perspectives on Youth Cannabis Use and Mental Health: Impacts, Challenges, and Recommendations.

Gerhardt, T Freeman · 2025

Parents reported four themes: cannabis use worsened or triggered mental health crises; it created emotional and financial burdens on families; healthcare providers often minimized cannabis risks during treatment; and parents called for better public health warnings and regulatory oversight..

An Adolescent Female With Disordered Eating and Cannabis Use Found to Have Acute Intermittent Porphyria.

Gertz, Brooke · 2025

This case report describes a diagnostic near-miss that highlights an important clinical lesson: when a patient's symptoms overlap with known cannabis effects, the cannabis use can become a cognitive shortcut that prevents clinicians from looking further. A 15-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite.

A Qualitative Study of Cannabis Use and Family Dynamics Among Youth in Early Psychosis Programs.

Ghelani, Amar · 2025

Participants described five themes: parental disapproval driven by psychosis concerns, intra-family cannabis consumption, family influence on use patterns, changing parental attitudes over time, and increased closeness with family members who also use cannabis..

Cannabis involvement and mass shooting events in the United States from 1900 to 2019.

Girgis, R R · 2025

Among mass shooters, cannabis involvement (use, possession, or distribution) was significantly higher from 1996 onward compared to before (11.2% vs 4.9%, p=0.002).

Cannabinoid treatment impacts adaptive behavior in autism patients and caregivers' mental health: A prospective real-life cohort study.

Guimarães, Kelly Álvares · 2025

In a prospective study of 16 patients with severe autism treated with CBD-rich extract and 17 untreated controls with moderate autism, the CBD group showed significant reduction in maladaptive internalizing behaviors on the Vineland 3 scale (p=0.008) after three months.

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Reduces Illicit Substance Craving Among People with Alcohol Use Disorder and Polysubstance Use.

Gurrieri, Laura · 2025

In a randomized pilot trial of 50 adults with AUD who also used cannabis and/or cocaine, Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) produced significantly greater reductions in illicit substance craving compared to supportive group therapy (F=7.06, p=0.008).

Written Exposure Therapy for PTSD Integrated with Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills for Cannabis Use Disorder After Recent Sexual Assault: A Case Series.

Hahn, Christine K · 2025

This case series describes STEPS (Skills Training and Exposure for PTSD and Substance Misuse), a new therapy that combines Written Exposure Therapy for PTSD with cognitive-behavioral skills training for cannabis use disorder.

Differences in Cannabis and Cannabidiol Attitudes, Perceptions, and Behaviors Between US Adolescents Receiving Mood Disorder Treatment and Their Parents Across Legal Contexts.

Hammond, Christopher J · 2025

In a multisite survey of 84 youth and 66 parents across six mood disorder clinics, 76% of youth and 65% of parents believed cannabis is safe and effective for mental health conditions.

Pilot Study Measuring Patient Reported Outcomes in Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) patients treated in the Emergency Department.

Heidish, Ryan · 2025

In a pilot study of 18 CHS patients (mean age 34, 56% female), pain severity was high (mean triage score 6.4/10) and pain significantly interfered with daily activities (PROMIS T-score 62.2).

Monthly simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use: effects on depression, anxiety, and stress in male and female college students.

Hetelekides, Eleftherios M · 2025

Among 367 college students, monthly simultaneous cannabis and alcohol (SCA) use significantly predicted depression in both males (beta=0.322) and females (beta=0.296).

Adolescents and cannabis in the 21st century: Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care.

Itriyeva, Khalida · 2025

This comprehensive review covers three decades of adolescent cannabis trends in the United States, and the picture it paints is more complicated than either "legalization is harmless" or "legalization is catastrophic" narratives suggest. Teenage use rates have remained remarkably stable despite legalization.

Motivation and experiences of individuals with opioid use disorder and chronic pain using medical cannabis for 12 months.

Lent, Michelle R · 2025

Across 10 interviews, participants consistently described four benefits from 12 months of medical cannabis: reduced pain levels, improved emotional regulation and mood, better sleep quality and duration, and reduced cravings for illicit drugs.

Impact of Co-Occurring Psychiatric Comorbidities and Substance Use Disorders on Outcomes in Adolescents and Young Adults with Opioid Use Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Liu, Ligang · 2025

Cannabis use disorder predicted shorter treatment retention (p=0.02), while depression (p=0.04), PTSD (p=0.002), and alcohol use disorder (p=0.04) were associated with longer retention.

Budtender Perceptions and Knowledge of Cannabis and Mental Health: A Preliminary Study.

Lowe, Darby J E · 2025

Budtender perceptions of cannabis and mental health varied by symptom and often diverged from evidence.

Cannabinoids and Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Hypothesis-Driven Review.

Marques, Bruno L · 2025

Emerging evidence indicates a bidirectional relationship: endocannabinoids can be loaded into extracellular vesicles for intercellular signaling, while THC and CBD alter EV release and cargo composition.

Model Building with Youth: Applying a System Science Approach to Examine the Dynamic Social Context of Adolescent and Young Adult Marijuana Use.

Matson, Pamela A · 2025

The causal loop diagram generated by youth featured 14 feedback loops across three domains: within-relationship behaviors, factors proximal to marijuana use, and influences on the partner pool.

Cannabinoids and ADHD: a New Frontier in Neuropharmacology?

Mavaddat, Helia · 2025

Individuals with ADHD have elevated risk for substance use and cannabis dependence.

Relation of Cannabis Use Frequency and Gambling Behavior in Individuals Who Gamble Under the Influence of Cannabis.

McPhail, Abby · 2025

Higher frequency of cannabis use was associated with greater gambling involvement, pointing to shared behavioral or neurobiological risk factors between the two behaviors..

Qualitative interviews with young adults at risk for psychosis and who use Cannabis: Informing the development of a mobile intervention.

Merrill, Jennifer E · 2025

Five key barriers to reducing cannabis emerged: using cannabis to cope, social influences, dependence symptoms, easy access, and ambivalence about change.

Mental health clinicians' perceptions on patient motivations and intervention engagement for prenatal cannabis use: A mixed methods study.

Mian, Maha N · 2025

Among 26 perinatal mental health clinicians, nausea/morning sickness was identified as the most common motive for prenatal cannabis use.

Clinician perspectives on barriers and facilitators to the treatment of adolescent cannabis use: A qualitative study.

Mian, Maha N · 2025

Key barriers to treating adolescent cannabis use include minimization of risks by both teens and parents.

Chronic cannabis use in people with bipolar disorder is associated with comparable decision-making and functional outcome to healthy participants.

Miranda, Alannah · 2025

Among 87 participants, people with bipolar disorder who used cannabis regularly (4+ times/week) performed comparably to healthy non-users on decision-making and functional capacity measures.

Exploring the impact of drug decriminalization and legalization policies on mental health outcomes: A scoping review.

Mohebbian, Mana · 2025

As drug policies liberalize worldwide, a central concern is whether this will worsen mental health outcomes.

Decriminalization of cannabis use in South Africa: The perspectives and health outcomes among medical students; A systematic qualitative review.

Mokhwelepa, L Winter · 2025

Four themes emerged from the review: health impacts (mental and physical), attitudes toward decriminalization, educational influences, and access to support services.

Cannabis use across the menstrual cycle: The impact of negative affect and cannabis use motives.

Morris, Paige E · 2025

Among 40 normally cycling women tracked for 65 days, cannabis use was more frequent during the premenstrual phase.

Cannabis use and cognition in older adults: Preliminary performance-based neuropsychological test results and directions for future research.

Mulhauser, Kyler · 2025

As cannabis use increases among older adults, a pressing question is whether it affects cognitive function in people already at risk for or experiencing cognitive decline.

Psychiatrists' opinions about non-medicalization of cannabis use disorder in Iran.

Namazi, Hamidreza · 2025

Four main themes emerged: advantages of demedicalization (reduced stigma, enhanced patient empowerment, less dependence on pharmacological treatments), disadvantages (increased treatment challenges, worsened social damages), sociocultural impacts (improved social interactions, shifting cultural attitudes), and policy recommendations (modified legal approaches, comprehensive multifaceted treatment models)..

Cannabidiol modulates brain molecular alterations, gut microbiota dysbiosis and alcohol self-administration in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Navarrete, F · 2025

Mice with prenatal alcohol exposure showed increased anxiety and depression-like behavior, sex-dependent changes in brain receptors and neurotransmitters, and gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Barriers and facilitators to nicotine and cannabis vaping cessation among young adults: a qualitative study using Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Nguyen, Nhung · 2025

Young adults expressed stronger motivation to stop vaping nicotine than cannabis.

Cannabis Use is Related to Anhedonia in Adolescents With Diverse Mood and Anxiety Symptoms.

Nguyen, Tram N B · 2025

Adolescents who used cannabis endorsed worse anticipatory anhedonia (difficulty looking forward to pleasurable experiences) compared to those who never used or tried cannabis only once.

Concurrent maternal stress and THC exposure during pregnancy alters adolescent behavioral outcomes and corticolimbic molecular programs.

Olusakin, Jimmy · 2025

All exposure groups (THC alone, stress alone, combined) showed impaired maternal behavior, with additive effects in the combined group.

Effects of Cannabidiol on Social Relating, Anxiety, and Parental Stress in Autistic Children: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.

Parrella, Nina-Francesca · 2025

CBD oil (10 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks) did not significantly improve the primary outcome of social responsiveness (SRS-2).

Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for cannabis regular users: Finally outcomes of a randomized clinical trial.

Pélerin, Jean-Marc · 2025

There was no significant difference between MBRP and treatment-as-usual groups on primary and secondary endpoints.

Effects of cannabidiol on behavioral and psychological symptoms of vascular dementia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Pessoa, Rebeca Mendes P · 2025

CBD (300 mg/day for 4 weeks) significantly reduced scores on both the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI, p=0.05) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS, p<0.05) compared to placebo.

Impact of the Kusa prevention program on cannabis consumption and emotional competencies among French Polynesian adolescents.

Pitel, Marion · 2025

Among 231 Polynesian middle and high school students, the Kusa prevention program improved emotional acceptance, awareness, verbalization, and impulse control in non-users and low-users.

Post-Traumatic Stress in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Time Perspective Between Trauma Exposure, PTSD Symptoms, and Cannabis Use.

Pütz, Alexander · 2025

Among 105 adolescent psychiatric patients (ages 14-20), those with clinically relevant PTSD symptoms showed imbalanced time perspective: high orientation to negative past and low orientation to positive past and future.

The neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol is enhanced by resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid in social isolation.

Ricciardi, Federica · 2025

Low-dose CBD (2.5 mg/kg) was ineffective alone, but when combined with resveratrol (20 mg/kg) or alpha-lipoic acid (10 mg/kg), it restored attack latency, reduced aggression, and decreased immobility in the tail suspension test to levels comparable to high-dose CBD (10 mg/kg).

Therapeutic Use of Cannabis Derivatives and Their Analogs for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Riera, Rachel · 2025

Of 1,264 references screened, only 11 RCTs met inclusion criteria, with just four having available results for children/adolescents with autism.

Prescription and Nonprescription Drug Use Among People With Eating Disorders.

Rodan, Sarah-Catherine · 2025

Among 6,612 respondents with eating disorders, cannabis and psychedelics received the highest ratings for improving ED symptoms specifically.

Significant Psychedelic Experiences Evaluated for Mystical Characteristics Associated with Cannabis Use Reduction and Psychological Flexibility Improvement: A Naturalistic Cross-Sectional Retrospective Survey.

Romeo, B · 2025

Among 152 cannabis users who reported a significant past psychedelic experience, average cannabis use disorder scores (CUDIT) decreased significantly after the psychedelic experience.

Cannabis-Induced Catatonia Complicated by Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Kidney Injury, and Sympathetic Overactivity: A Case Report.

Saira, Sidharth · 2025

This case report describes a severe psychiatric emergency triggered by cannabis in a vulnerable individual.

Maternal Immune Activation and the Endocannabinoid System: Focus on Two-Hit Models of Schizophrenia.

Santoni, Michele · 2025

Despite theoretical expectations, several preclinical studies failed to show that adolescent cannabinoid exposure worsened behavioral or neurological outcomes in animals exposed to maternal immune activation, challenging the straightforward two-hit model..

Cannabichromene, a key non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid in treatment of major depressive disorder: in silico and in vivo explorations.

Sharma, Abhishek · 2025

CBC at 20 mg/kg significantly reduced immobility in stressed mice (comparable to imipramine 15 mg/kg) without affecting locomotor activity.

Negative urgency increases risk for coping-motivated cannabis outcomes in socially anxious male emerging adult cannabis users.

Single, Alanna · 2025

Higher social anxiety predicted elevated cannabis use and problems via coping motives, but only for males higher in negative urgency.

Pain Is Not a Predictor of Cannabis Use in People With Psychotic Disorders.

Smid, Mirjam H · 2025

Pain and interference from pain were not significant predictors of cannabis use (yes/no) or amount of cannabis use in people with psychotic disorders.

Inhibition of fatty acid binding protein 5 prevents stress-induced anxiogenic and depressive-like symptoms through modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis, cannabinoid and neurotrophic signaling in the limbic circuitry.

Uzuneser, Taygun C · 2025

FABP5 inhibition prevented stress-induced anxiety and depression.

Neurodevelopmental effects of exogenous cannabinoids on endocannabinoid and GABAergic neurotransmission.

Wiley, Miles T · 2025

This review presents a fascinating and underappreciated mechanism by which prenatal cannabis could affect brain development: the GABA switch. Here's the background: during early brain development, GABA—which becomes the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in adults—actually functions as an excitatory signal.

Use of cannabis to manage symptoms of mental and physical health conditions during pregnancy: analysis of a pro-cannabis pregnancy forum.

Gunn, Rachel L · 2024

Analysis of 120 posts from a pro-cannabis pregnancy forum identified four themes: cannabis for mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety), physical symptoms (nausea, pain), achieving homeostasis and stress management, and decision-making about cannabis versus prescription medications..

Epigenetic effects of cannabis: A systematic scoping review of behavioral and emotional symptoms associated with cannabis use and exocannabinoid exposure.

Machado, Ana Sofia · 2024

Across 37 included studies, cannabis exposure was most consistently associated with global hypomethylation and changes at specific genes related to dopamine signaling (DRD2, COMT), cellular function (AKT1, STAT3), and neural development (NCAM1, DLGAP2).

Profiles of cannabis users and impact on cannabis cessation.

MacQuarrie, Amy L · 2024

Four profiles emerged: low-risk (42%), rapidly escalating high-risk (27%), long-term high severity (24%), and long-term lower severity (7%).

Sleep, Alcohol and Cannabis Use in College Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Marsh, Nicholas P · 2024

Among college drinkers, those with ADHD (n=51) reported significantly worse sleep quality and more alcohol-related negative consequences than those without ADHD (n=50).

Clinical and Family Implications of Cannabidiol (CBD)-Dominant Full-Spectrum Phytocannabinoid Extract in Children and Adolescents with Moderate to Severe Non-Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): An Observational Study on Neurobehavioral Management.

Mazza, Jeanne Alves de Souza · 2024

Thirty children (5-18) with moderate-severe ASD showed improvements in communication, attention, learning, eye contact, and reduced aggression.

Recurrent cannabis-induced catatonia: a case report and comprehensive systematic literature review.

Moshfeghinia, Reza · 2024

A 23-year-old male developed mutism, social isolation, and fixed gaze after cannabis use.

Substance use and lifestyle risk factors for somatic disorders among psychiatric patients in Greenland.

Nielsen, Ida Margrethe · 2024

In 104 patients with psychotic disorders in Nuuk, 68% had harmful cannabis use, 80%+ were daily smokers, 50%+ had dyslipidemia, 25%+ obese, 18% hypertension, 6% diabetes..

A narrative review of the therapeutic and remedial prospects of cannabidiol with emphasis on neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Omotayo, Oluwadara Pelumi · 2024

CBD antagonizes pro-inflammatory cytokines, regulates oxidative stress, downregulates TNF-alpha, restores BDNF and serotonin across neurological disorders..

Therapeutic potential of CBD in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Pedrazzi, João F C · 2024

CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system, which plays crucial roles in social and behavioral processing and neuronal development relevant to ASD.

Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 as a Potential Biomarker of the Intersection of Trauma and Cannabis Use.

Weiss, Emily R · 2024

The endocannabinoid system and the glutamate system are deeply intertwined in the brain, and both are implicated in trauma-related conditions and cannabis use.

"Like the Wild West": Health care provider perspectives on impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on patients and providers at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Ontario, Canada.

Wiese, Jessica L · 2024

Providers reported legalization had some positive impacts (improved product safety, more open clinical conversations) but also raised concerns about increased cannabis use rates, risks to mental health, and ongoing challenges engaging patients about cannabis.

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Cannabis Use and Affect Among Adolescents Following Psychiatric Discharge.

Brick, Leslie A · 2023

Using ecological momentary assessment over 21 days following psychiatric discharge, cannabis use among adolescents was associated with higher positive affect and lower anger/irritability but not with negative affect.

Use of Marijuana to Promote Well-Being: Effects of Use and Prohibition in the Daily Lives of Brazilian Adults.

de Lima E Silva Surjus, Luciana Togni · 2023

Among 2,637 respondents, using marijuana for fun was most common among self-identified males, trans/non-binary people, college graduates, and higher-income individuals.

Perceived Effectiveness of Medical Cannabis Among Adults with Chronic Pain: Findings from Interview Data in a Three-Month Pilot Study.

McMahon, Alexandra N · 2023

Patient experience data is often overlooked in cannabis research, where the focus tends to be on controlled trials.

Use of cannabidiol (CBD) for the treatment of cognitive impairment in psychiatric and neurological illness: A narrative review.

Ortiz, Rachel · 2023

Preclinical studies demonstrated CBD improved cognitive performance in animal models of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and others.

Cannabis-assisted psychotherapy for complex dissociative posttraumatic stress disorder: A case report.

Ragnhildstveit, Anya · 2023

Dissociative PTSD (D-PTSD) is a particularly severe form of PTSD where patients experience detachment from their own body and surroundings — depersonalization and derealization — on top of standard PTSD symptoms.

Interactive Effects of Ayahuasca and Cannabidiol in Social Cognition in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot, Proof-of-Concept, Feasibility, Randomized-Controlled Trial.

Rossi, Giordano Novak · 2023

No evidence of interactive effects between ayahuasca and CBD on emotion recognition or empathy tasks.

Restructuring reward: A pilot study to enhance natural reward response in adults with cannabis use disorder.

Sherman, Brian J · 2023

CUD participants showed blunted positive affect response to neutral scripts relative to reward scripts (P=0.01).

Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of a 12-Week Cognitive Behavioural and Motivational Enhancement Group Therapy for Cannabis Use Disorder.

Trick, Leanne · 2023

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is increasingly recognized as a real clinical condition, but treatment options have been slow to develop.

Brief Report: Suspected Cannabis-Induced Mania and Psychosis in Young Adult Males with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Al-Soleiti, Majd · 2022

All three patients had ASD and developed mania or psychotic symptoms after consistent cannabis use containing both CBD and THC.

Cannabinoids in Late Life Parkinson's Disease and Dementia: Biological Pathways and Clinical Challenges.

Costa, Alana C · 2022

This review confronted a growing clinical reality: older adults with Parkinson's disease and dementia are increasingly using cannabinoids, but the evidence supporting this use is almost entirely preclinical.

Regulation of DNA Methylation by Cannabidiol and Its Implications for Psychiatry: New Insights from In Vivo and In Silico Models.

Domingos, Luana B · 2022

CBD appears to regulate DNA methylation both directly, by binding to methylation enzymes (DNMTs), and indirectly, through neurotransmitter-mediated signaling pathways.

Workplace Cannabis Policies: A Moving Target.

Hazle, Mia C · 2022

The legal landscape for workplace cannabis use is a mess.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Therapeutic Cannabis Use Motives.

Hernandez, Mariely · 2022

Individuals with ADHD may be at increased risk of cannabis use problems due to deficits in self-regulation.

Neural functional connectivity changes to psychosocial stress in young adults with bipolar disorder and preliminary associations with clinical trajectories.

Kirsch, Dylan E · 2022

People with bipolar disorder showed increased right amygdala-rostral prefrontal cortex connectivity during stress compared to controls.

"Ganja Mamas": Online discussions about cannabis use in pregnancy.

Lebron, Cynthia N · 2022

Analysis of 151 messages and 1,260 comments from a pregnancy cannabis forum found that testing and child protective services were the top concerns, with members actively interviewing each other about geographic-specific experiences..

Thalamocortical functional connectivity and cannabis use in men with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Lee, Sanghyun · 2022

Cannabis-using adults with childhood ADHD (n=18) had significantly decreased thalamic-parietal functional connectivity compared to non-users (n=15).

Cannabidiol in Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study.

Ma, Lucy · 2022

Treatment with full-spectrum CBD oil (20 mg CBD/<1 mg THC per mL), titrated from 0.1 mL to 0.5 mL twice daily, resulted in reduced violent outbursts, self-injurious behaviors, and sleep disruptions.

Cannabis for the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Report of 3 Cases.

Mansell, Holly · 2022

Semistructured interviews and validated rating scales showed improvements in PHQ-9 depression scores (8-22 points, 30-81%), SCARED anxiety scores (0-27 points, up to 33%), CEER-9 regulation scores (2-7 points, 22-78%), and SNAP-9 inattention scores (2-8 points, 7-30%).

Young adults with psychosis: Intentions for cannabis reduction and cessation based on theory of planned behavior.

Petros, Ryan · 2022

Participants recognized that cannabis use conflicted with their life goals but maintained use because they perceived it as facilitating social interactions, enjoyable activities, and improved mental health.

Multimodal Correlates of Cannabis Use among U.S. Veterans with Bipolar Disorder: An Integrated Study of Clinical, Cognitive, and Functional Outcomes.

Selloni, Alexandria · 2022

Current cannabis use in veterans with bipolar I disorder was associated with higher working memory performance and higher functional capacity compared to both past cannabis users and non-users, while also being associated with PTSD and lifetime suicidal ideation..

Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Challenges of a Young Patient With Severe Acute Psychosis and Complete Recovery.

Siembida, Jagoda · 2022

A young adult presenting with multiple potential contributors to psychosis (cannabis use disorder, excessive vaping, COVID-19 history, pineal cyst, extreme hypertension) achieved complete recovery on haloperidol and a mood stabilizer, highlighting the diagnostic complexity of first-break psychosis..

Alcohol and cannabis motives: Differences in daily motive endorsement on alcohol, cannabis, and alcohol/cannabis co-use days in a cannabis-using sample.

Arterberry, Brooke J · 2021

Greater cannabis-related enhancement and social motives were associated with increased likelihood of same-day alcohol/cannabis co-use compared to cannabis-only days.

Efficacy of Cannabidiol for Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Psychotic Symptoms, Schizophrenia, and Cannabis Use Disorders: A Narrative Review.

Bartoli, Francesco · 2021

Across 10 clinical studies, CBD appeared to reduce psychotic-like symptoms triggered by THC in healthy volunteers and positive symptoms in people with schizophrenia.

Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Symptom Severity, Conduct Disorder, and Callous-Unemotional Traits and Impairment in Expression Recognition.

Blair, Robert James R · 2021

Cannabis use disorder severity was negatively associated with recognition accuracy for higher-intensity sad and fearful expressions, while conduct disorder was independently associated with reduced sad expression recognition.

Methylomic Investigation of Problematic Adolescent Cannabis Use and Its Negative Mental Health Consequences.

Clark, Shaunna L · 2021

45 significant methylation sites were identified in whole blood, plus 32 additional in cell-type analyses.

A pilot randomised placebo-controlled trial of cannabidiol to reduce severe behavioural problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability.

Efron, Daryl · 2021

All eight randomized children completed the full 8-week protocol.

Cannabis Use Among Mental Health Professionals: A Qualitative Study of Cannabis-Related Risk Perceptions.

Ghelani, Amar · 2021

Mental health professionals who use cannabis identified multiple risks from both personal and clinical experience: anxiety, relational challenges, impaired driving, psychosis, cognitive impairment, educational/employment dysfunction, and addiction in some users.

The relationship between cannabis use and cognition in people with bipolar disorder: A systematic scoping review.

Jordan Walter, T · 2021

Of 6 qualifying studies, two found cannabis use in bipolar disorder was associated with better performance in some cognitive domains, three found no association, and one found worse overall cognition.

Trait mindfulness and cannabis use-related factors in adolescents and young adults with frequent use.

Lin, Jessica A · 2021

Higher mindfulness scores correlated with fewer cannabis-related problems (P = 0.004) and fewer quit attempts (P = 0.035).

Naturalistic exploratory study of the associations of substance use on ADHD outcomes and function.

MacDonald, Benjamin · 2021

ADHD patients with comorbid substance use disorders scored significantly lower on objective cognitive testing (IVA/CPT, P < 0.0001).

Women's Cigarette and Marijuana Use in Pregnancy: Identifying the Role of Past Versus Recent Violence Exposure.

Miller-Graff, Laura E · 2021

Sexual intimate partner violence was associated with marijuana use during pregnancy.

Clinical Investigation on the Impact of Cannabis Abuse on Thyroid Hormones and Associated Psychiatric Manifestations in the Male Population.

Muzaffar, Anum · 2021

Cannabis-dependent patients showed highly significant differences (P < 0.001) in positive, negative, and general psychopathology scores on the PANSS compared to controls.

Sociodemographic and clinical profile of cannabis-induced psychosis: A comparative study.

Padhi, Debasish · 2021

Cannabis-using patients with psychosis showed higher scores in pressure of speech, distractible speech, and clanging.

Cannabis use and mental health among young sexual and gender minority men: A qualitative study.

Parent, Natasha · 2021

Three themes emerged: (1) cannabis was used to cope with mental health symptoms during sexual encounters and to replace riskier drugs in chemsex practices; (2) cannabis was used instrumentally to alleviate depression and trauma-related symptoms; (3) some participants experienced adverse effects including paranoia and concerns about dependence..

Does Cannabis, Cocaine and Alcohol Use Impact Differently on Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Picture?

Spera, Vincenza · 2021

Comparing ADHD patients with two substance use patterns, type 1 (stimulants/alcohol) showed greater hyperactivity/impulsivity and more legal problems, while type 2 (cannabis) showed more severe general psychopathology.

Health Outcomes among Adults Initiating Medical Cannabis for Chronic Pain: A 3-month Prospective Study Incorporating Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).

Wang, Yan · 2021

Real-time EMA data (2,535 random + 705 daily assessments) showed significant reductions in momentary pain intensity after starting medical cannabis.

Psychiatric Hospitalization and Length of Stay Differences in Cannabis Users and Non-Users with a Primary Discharge Diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder.

Williams, Steven R · 2021

Cannabis-only users (n=55) had shorter mean hospital stays than non-substance users (n=462): 6.15 vs.

Association between the use of Cannabis and elevated suicide risk in high school adolescents from Santa Marta, Colombia.

Campo-Arias, Adalberto · 2020

Lifetime cannabis use prevalence was 11.6% and high suicide risk was 13.3%.

Personality Traits and Psychotic Proneness Among Chronic Synthetic Cannabinoid Users.

Cohen, Koby · 2020

SC users scored higher than natural cannabis users and non-users on neuroticism and schizotypal symptoms (SPQ-B), but lower on agreeableness and extraversion.

Cannabis use: A co-existing condition in first-episode bipolar mania patients.

Etyemez, Semra · 2020

Of 15 patients who received urine drug screening, 7 (47%) tested positive for cannabinoids, a rate substantially higher than the general population.

Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to Predict Patterns of Marijuana Use among Young Iranian Adults.

Jalilian, Farzad · 2020

In a sample of 166 Iranian university students, attitudes toward marijuana and perceived behavioral control significantly predicted intentions to use, while subjective norms (peer pressure) did not reach significance in the full model..

Acute effects of cannabinoids on symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A human laboratory study.

Kayser, Reilly R · 2020

Fourteen adults with OCD underwent symptom provocation after smoking cannabis with high THC, high CBD, or placebo in a crossover design.

Cannabis use the week before admission to psychiatric in-patient service as a marker of severity.

Madero, S · 2020

Cannabis use the week before psychiatric admission (25.5% prevalence) showed a weak positive correlation with symptom severity (rs=0.28, p=0.03) in bivariate analysis, but was not an independent predictor in multivariate models.

A pediatric patient with autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy using cannabinoid extracts as complementary therapy: a case report.

Ponton, Juliana Andrea · 2020

A 15-year-old boy with autism, selective mutism, anxiety, and controlled epilepsy was prescribed CBD-based extract to potentially replace seizure medications.

Cannabis Improves Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder-Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Szejko, Natalia · 2020

A 22-year-old male with severe OCD since childhood, previously resistant to standard treatments, showed marked improvement in OCD symptoms and depression with medicinal cannabis, resulting in considerable quality of life improvement.

Current state of evidence of cannabis utilization for treatment of autism spectrum disorders.

Agarwal, Rumi · 2019

Only five small studies have specifically examined cannabis use in autism spectrum disorders.

Brief Report: Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Severe Behavioral Problems-A Retrospective Feasibility Study.

Aran, Adi · 2019

Following CBD-rich cannabis treatment, behavioral outbreaks were "much improved" or "very much improved" in 61% of 60 children with ASD and severe behavioral problems, as rated by caregivers on the Clinical Global Impression of Change scale.

Bipolar disorder and the endocannabinoid system.

Arjmand, Shokouh · 2019

The endocannabinoid system exerts neuromodulatory effects on neurotransmitter systems critical for emotion regulation.

The Potential of Cannabinoid-Based Treatments in Tourette Syndrome.

Artukoglu, Bekir B · 2019

There is a strong biological rationale for cannabinoid effects on tics, and many patients report improvement with cannabis.

Cannabidiol (CBD) use in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review.

Bonaccorso, Stefania · 2019

From 1,301 screened papers, 27 met inclusion criteria (RCTs of CBD for psychiatric disorders).

Effects of CBD-Enriched Cannabis sativa Extract on Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms: An Observational Study of 18 Participants Undergoing Compassionate Use.

Fleury-Teixeira, Paulo · 2019

Of 15 patients who adhered to treatment, 14 showed improvement in at least one of eight symptom categories.

Medical Cannabis for Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Sociological Patient Case Report of Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Finland.

Hupli, Aleksi Mikael Markunpoika · 2019

After experiencing adverse effects from methylphenidate and alternative medications, the patient was prescribed Bedrocan (THC-dominant) for ADHD symptom relief and Bediol (THC+CBD) to moderate the THC effects and improve sleep.

Engaging Youth (Adolescents and Young Adults) to Change Frequent Marijuana Use: Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) in Primary Care.

Kells, Meredith · 2019

Most youth reported their main reason for cannabis use was emotional coping.

Substance use and misuse among children and youth with mental illness : A pilot study.

Herz, V · 2018

Researchers assessed substance use among 25 adolescents aged 12-17 admitted to an Austrian psychiatric inpatient unit. Lifetime prevalence of any substance use was 76%, with regular use in 32%.

How Substance Users With ADHD Perceive the Relationship Between Substance Use and Emotional Functioning.

Mitchell, John T · 2018

Researchers analyzed narrative comments from 92 persistent and desistent substance users from the MTA (Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD) adult follow-up (ages 21.7-26.7). Persistent substance users generally perceived that substance use positively affects emotional states and that positive emotional effects outweigh negative ones.

Cannabis use and suicidal ideation: Test of the utility of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide.

Buckner, Julia D · 2017

Among 209 current cannabis-using college students, daily users (n=39) had more suicidal ideation than less frequent users (n=160).

Inspired by Mary Jane? Mechanisms underlying enhanced creativity in cannabis users.

LaFrance, Emily M · 2017

This study tested 412 sober cannabis users and 309 non-users on both self-reported and objective creativity measures to determine whether cannabis use is associated with enhanced creativity. At first glance, the results supported the creative cannabis user stereotype.

Medical cannabis access, use, and substitution for prescription opioids and other substances: A survey of authorized medical cannabis patients.

Lucas, Philippe · 2017

This survey of 271 patients enrolled in Canada's medical cannabis program revealed widespread substitution of cannabis for other substances. The headline finding: 63% of patients reported using cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs.

Differential effects of cannabinoid CB1 inverse agonists and antagonists on impulsivity in male Sprague Dawley rats: identification of a possibly clinically relevant vulnerability involving the serotonin 5HT1A receptor.

McLaughlin, Peter J · 2017

CB1 receptor inverse agonists like rimonabant showed promise as appetite suppressants but were withdrawn because they produced suicidal behavior in a small subpopulation during clinical trials.

Development and initial validation of a marijuana cessation expectancies questionnaire.

Metrik, Jane · 2017

This study developed and validated the Marijuana Cessation Expectancies Questionnaire (MCEQ), the first tool specifically designed to measure what regular cannabis users expect to happen if they quit or reduce their use. Six distinct expectation factors emerged from the analysis of 151 regular marijuana users.

Emotion regulation deficits in regular marijuana users.

Zimmermann, Kaeli · 2017

Researchers compared 23 regular marijuana users to 20 non-using controls using brain imaging during an emotion regulation task.

Substance use is a risk factor for violent behavior in male patients with bipolar disorder.

Alnıak, İzgi · 2016

Researchers evaluated 100 male inpatients with bipolar disorder type I during mood episodes to identify factors associated with violent behavior (defined as physical aggression against others). Current substance use, rather than lifetime history of substance use disorder, was the key predictor: it was associated with a threefold increase in violence risk.

Gender Dysphoria and Social Anxiety: An Exploratory Study in Spain.

Bergero-Miguel, Trinidad · 2016

Researchers studied social anxiety among 210 individuals attending a public gender identity unit in Spain.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome masquerading as an eating disorder.

Brewerton, Timothy D · 2016

This case report highlighted a diagnostic overlap between cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) and eating disorders.

Longitudinal associations of friend-based social support and PTSD symptomatology during a cannabis cessation attempt.

Carter, Sarah P · 2016

Researchers studied 116 veterans with cannabis dependence and PTSD symptoms who were attempting to quit cannabis use, tracking the relationship between PTSD and friend-based social support over 6 months. Using a cross-lagged model, they found that earlier PTSD symptoms predicted later decreases in friend support, but the reverse was not significant.

Prevalence and correlates of a lifetime cannabis use disorder among pregnant former tobacco smokers.

Emery, Rebecca L · 2016

Researchers studied 273 pregnant women who had quit smoking tobacco as a result of pregnancy to understand how common cannabis use disorder was in this population and what predicted it. Overall, 14% met criteria for a lifetime cannabis use disorder.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome and the onset of a manic episode.

Gregoire, Phillip · 2016

This case report describes a patient with bipolar disorder who developed cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), the vomiting condition seen in heavy cannabis users.

A Network Approach to Environmental Impact in Psychotic Disorder: Brief Theoretical Framework.

Isvoranu, Adela-Maria · 2016

This study applied network analysis, a novel mathematical framework, to understand how environmental risk factors relate to psychotic symptoms.

"I Use Weed for My ADHD": A Qualitative Analysis of Online Forum Discussions on Cannabis Use and ADHD.

Mitchell, John T · 2016

Despite ADHD being a risk factor for problematic cannabis use, there is growing online discourse portraying cannabis as a treatment for ADHD.

An exploratory study of the health harms and utilisation of health services of frequent legal high users under the interim regulated legal high market in central Auckland.

Wilkins, Chris · 2016

Researchers recruited 105 frequent legal high users from outside randomly selected licensed legal high stores in central Auckland during a period when synthetic cannabinoids were sold legally in New Zealand. Eighty percent used synthetic cannabinoids (SC), and use was intensive: 47% of SC users consumed daily or more.

Cannabidiol as a potential treatment for anxiety disorders

Blessing, Esther M. · 2015

Across animal models, CBD showed consistent anxiolytic-like effects spanning generalized anxiety, panic, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress.

Abstinence phenomena of chronic cannabis-addicts prospectively monitored during controlled inpatient detoxification (Part II): Psychiatric complaints and their relation to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites in serum.

Bonnet, Udo · 2015

Thirty-five chronic cannabis-dependent individuals were monitored during inpatient detoxification using both clinician-rated and self-reported psychiatric scales.

PTSD and Cannabis-Related Coping Among Recent Veterans in New York City.

Elliott, Luther · 2015

Researchers conducted interviews and focus groups with veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan about their cannabis use for PTSD coping.

Gender differences in socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and psychiatric diagnosis in/of suicide attempters in a Mexican population.

Fresán, Ana · 2015

Researchers documented 140 suicide attempts at a Mexican hospital over two years.

Alcohol, cigarette, and illegal substance consumption among medical students: a cross-sectional survey.

Gignon, M · 2015

A survey of 255 randomly selected French medical students found substantial rates of substance use.

Cannabis use among juvenile detainees: typology, frequency and association.

Grigorenko, Elena L · 2015

Researchers examined a random 20% sample of all juveniles in Connecticut's state detention facilities.

Phenomenological subtypes of mania and their relationships with substance use disorders.

Güclü, Oya · 2015

Researchers studied 96 inpatients hospitalized for bipolar manic episodes and identified two clusters of symptoms using factor and cluster analysis.

Lifetime influences for cannabis cessation in male incarcerated indigenous australians.

Jacups, Susan · 2015

Researchers interviewed 101 male Indigenous Australian inmates about their cannabis use and what motivated them to quit.

Stimulants and Cannabis Use Among a Marginalized Population in British Columbia, Canada: Role of Trauma and Incarceration.

Saddichha, Sahoo · 2015

Researchers compared cannabis and stimulant use patterns among a homeless population in British Columbia, finding distinct profiles for each substance. Cannabis users had notably higher rates of lifetime psychotic disorders (32%).

Sadness, suicide, and drug misuse in Arkansas: results from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2011.

Kaley, Sean · 2014

Using the 2011 Arkansas Youth Risk Behavior Survey, researchers examined drug use prevalence and associations with suicidality among high school students.

Factors associated with substance use in adolescents with eating disorders.

Mann, Andrea P · 2014

Lifetime substance use prevalence varied substantially by eating disorder diagnosis: 48.7% among adolescents with bulimia nervosa, 28.6% in eating disorder not otherwise specified, and 24.6% in anorexia nervosa.

Predicting creativity: the role of psychometric schizotypy and cannabis use in divergent thinking.

Minor, Kyle S · 2014

Divergent thinking (a measure of creativity) was greater in the positive schizotypy group compared to negative schizotypy and non-schizotypy groups, with small to medium effect sizes.

Psychiatric and substance-use comorbidities associated with lifetime crack cocaine use in young adults in the general population.

Narvaez, Joana C M · 2014

Among 1,560 young adults aged 18-24 in the general population, 2.5% reported lifetime crack cocaine use.

Childhood ADHD and addictive behaviours in adolescence: a canadian sample.

Ostojic, Dragana · 2014

Among 142 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD before age 12, substance use rates were comparable to or lower than two large Canadian population samples.

Distress, coping, and drug law enforcement in a series of patients using medical cannabis.

Aggarwal, Sunil Kumar · 2013

Thirty-seven medical cannabis patients at a Washington state dispensary completed surveys about health behaviors, psychological distress, stress related to marijuana criminality, and law enforcement experiences.

Post traumatic stress disorder and resilience in veterans who served in the South African border war.

Connell, M A · 2013

Of 54 responding veterans who served in the South African border war (1975-1988), 33% met criteria for PTSD.

The association between phencyclidine use and partner violence: an initial examination.

Crane, Cory A · 2013

Researchers compared 109 PCP users, 81 cannabis users, and 97 polysubstance (alcohol and cannabis) users from substance abuse evaluations.

Marijuana use is associated with inattention in men and sleep quality in women with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a preliminary study.

Ly, Christine · 2013

Fifty-six men and 20 women with ADHD (ages 18-45) were assessed for marijuana use, ADHD symptoms, and sleep quality.

Quantifying the clinical significance of cannabis withdrawal

Allsop, David J. · 2012

People who felt that withdrawal was getting in the way of normal activities reported higher withdrawal severity, and those two measures moved together with a strong statistical signal.

The underdiagnosis of cannabis use disorders and other Axis-I disorders among military veterans within VHA.

Bonn-Miller, Marcel O · 2012

Researchers compared structured clinical interview diagnoses with VA electronic medical record diagnoses for 84 military veterans with confirmed cannabis use disorders.

A preliminary examination of how serotonergic polymorphisms influence brain response following an adolescent cannabis intervention.

Feldstein Ewing, Sarah W · 2012

This preliminary study examined whether genetic variations in the serotonin system moderated brain responses to psychosocial treatment for adolescent cannabis use disorders.

Cannabis use and schizotypy: the role of social anxiety and other negative affective states.

Najolia, Gina M · 2012

Researchers studied over 650 college undergraduates, comparing those with elevated schizotypy traits to controls.

Two Sides of the Same Coin: Cannabis Dependence and Mental Health Problems in Help-Seeking Adolescent and Young Adult Outpatients.

Norberg, Melissa M · 2012

Among 36 young people seeking help for both cannabis dependence and mental health issues, the psychiatric picture was complex.

Negative attributions towards people with substance use disorders in South Africa: variation across substances and by gender.

Sorsdahl, Katherine · 2012

Researchers presented 868 people with vignettes describing substance use involving alcohol, cannabis, methamphetamine, or heroin.

Association of herbal cannabis use with negative psychosocial parameters in patients with fibromyalgia.

Ste-Marie, Peter A · 2012

Researchers surveyed 457 patients referred to a tertiary pain center with a fibromyalgia diagnosis.

Association between substance use and psychosocial characteristics among adolescents of the Seychelles.

Alwan, Heba · 2011

A school survey of 1,432 students aged 11-17 from all secondary schools in the Seychelles examined associations between substance use and psychosocial characteristics. Substance use (cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and cannabis use) was more prevalent in boys and increased with age.

Does the EQ-5D measure quality of life in schizophrenia?

Halling Hastrup, Lene · 2011

Researchers tested whether the EQ-5D (a widely used generic health measure recommended for economic evaluations) adequately captured quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis abuse. The EQ-5D showed only moderate correlation with the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA), a psychiatric-specific measure (rho = 0.358).

Marijuana-induced mania in a healthy adolescent: a case report.

Iskandar, Joseph W · 2011

An adolescent with no known prior psychiatric history developed manic symptoms following marijuana use.

Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of prior incarcerations in an urban, predominantly African-American sample of hospitalized patients with first-episode psychosis.

Ramsay, Claire E · 2011

In a sample of 109 patients hospitalized for first-episode psychosis in an urban setting, 57.8% reported previous incarceration.

Effects of cannabidiol on amphetamine-induced oxidative stress generation in an animal model of mania.

Valvassori, Samira S · 2011

Researchers used two experimental models in rats.

Cannabis and hyperemesis.

Harris, Ella · 2010

This case report described cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) in a psychiatric patient, noting that while the syndrome had been documented since 2004, it had never been reported in psychiatric settings. The clinical presentation included cyclical vomiting associated with chronic cannabis use and compulsive bathing behavior, consistent with the CHS profile identified in earlier reports. The authors noted that despite cannabis's established anti-emetic properties, chronic use can paradoxically cause cyclical vomiting, and this condition may be underrecognized, particularly in psychiatric populations where cannabis use is common..

Cannabis and psychiatric disorders.

Loga, Slobodan · 2010

The authors identified associations between cannabis use and multiple psychiatric outcomes in young people.

Processing dynamic facial affect in frequent cannabis-users: evidence of deficits in the speed of identifying emotional expressions.

Platt, Bradley · 2010

Researchers compared emotion recognition between heavy cannabis users and non-using controls using dynamic facial expressions that gradually changed from neutral to increasingly intense emotional displays. Cannabis users were significantly slower at identifying all three emotional expressions (sadness, anger, and happiness).

Suicidal ideation induced by episodic cannabis use.

Raja, Michele · 2009

This case report described a patient who experienced suicidal ideation on exactly two occasions, both immediately following acute cannabis intoxication.

Heroin as an attachment substitute? Differences in attachment representations between opioid, ecstasy and cannabis abusers.

Schindler, Andreas · 2009

Researchers compared attachment representations across four groups: 22 heroin users, 31 ecstasy users, 19 cannabis users, and 22 non-clinical controls. Heroin users were primarily fearful-avoidant in their attachment style.

High suicide risk after the development of cognitive and working memory deficits caused by cannabis, cocaine and ecstasy use.

Pompili, Maurizio · 2007

The authors described a 30-year-old man who used cannabis, MDMA (ecstasy), and cocaine for at least three years and subsequently developed significant cognitive and working memory deficits. These cognitive problems led to increasing difficulties in his professional and personal life.

Post-traumatic stress disorder, survivor guilt and substance use--a study of hospitalised Nigerian army veterans.

Okulate, G T · 2006

Researchers assessed hospitalized Nigerian army veterans evacuated from peacekeeping operations in Liberia and Sierra Leone (1990-1994).

Recent cannabis abuse decreased stress-induced BOLD signals in the frontal and cingulate cortices of cocaine dependent individuals.

Li, Chiang-Shan Ray · 2005

Researchers used fMRI to compare stress-induced brain activation in two groups of abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals: eight who had recently also abused cannabis and 18 who had not.

Patterns of cannabis use among patients with multiple sclerosis.

Clark, A J · 2004

Of 220 MS patients surveyed in Halifax, Nova Scotia, 36% reported ever using cannabis for any purpose and 14% were currently using it for symptom treatment.

Substance misuse at presentation to an early psychosis program.

Van Mastrigt, Sarah · 2004

Researchers examined the first 357 consecutive admissions to a comprehensive early psychosis program in Canada.

Treating the substance-abusing suicidal patient.

Cornelius, J R · 2001

Studies of suicidal substance abusers are extremely rare because suicidality is typically an exclusion criterion for treatment studies.

The use of cannabis as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder: anecdotal evidence and the need for clinical research.

Grinspoon, L · 1998

The authors presented case histories of bipolar disorder patients who used cannabis therapeutically.

Substance use and disordered eating risk among college students with obsessive-compulsive conditions.

Jacobs, Wura · 2025

Among 92,757 undergraduates, OCD conditions were associated with increased odds of moderate/high-risk tobacco (aOR=1.12), cannabis (aOR=1.11), alcohol (aOR=1.14), and disordered eating (aOR=2.28).

Cannabis use is associated with changes in psychological and functional well-being during young adulthood: evidence from self-reports and hair analyses.

Johnson-Ferguson, Lydia · 2025

In a community sample of 863 young adults, cannabis use at age 20 (measured by both self-report and hair THC) predicted increases in psychotic-like experiences, internalizing symptoms, aggression, problematic substance use, and decreased general well-being from ages 20 to 24.

Cannabis Use in Rural and Urban Young Adults: The Role of Subjective Social Status and Emotion Dysregulation.

K, Rathod · 2025

Rural participants reported significantly lower subjective social status (SSS) than urban peers.

Cariprazine as a maintenance treatment in dual schizophrenia: a 6-month observational study in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder.

Szerman, Nestor · 2025

Cariprazine treatment over 6 months produced significant improvements in schizophrenia symptoms (PANSS change: -47.88 points, p<0.0001; CGI-SCH change: -8.26 points, p<0.0001).

Research Review: What we have learned about the endocannabinoid system in developmental psychopathology.

Tansey, Ryann C · 2025

The endocannabinoid system plays key roles in stress, emotion, and social behavior regulation throughout development.

Technology-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Decreasing Cannabis Use in People with Psychosis: A Systematic Review Update.

Tatar, Ovidiu · 2025

Only 3 studies met inclusion criteria from 5,083 screened records.

ADHD and Cannabis Use in College Students: Examining Indirect Effects of Coping Motives.

Taubin, Daria · 2025

Students with ADHD had significantly elevated coping motives (using cannabis to avoid or reduce negative affect) and more cannabis use days over two weeks.

Perceptions, Experiences, and Patterns of Cannabis Use in Individuals with Mood and Anxiety Disorders in the Context of Cannabis Legalization and Medical Cannabis Program in Canada - A Qualitative Study.

Das, Ankita · 2024

Cannabis use was initiated from curiosity, peer pressure, or treatment dissatisfaction.

Trends in Prevalence of Cannabis Use Disorder Among U.S. Veterans With and Without Psychiatric Disorders Between 2005 and 2019.

Livne, Ofir · 2024

Cannabis use disorder prevalence increased more among veterans with psychiatric disorders than those without (difference in prevalence change: 1.91% from 2005-2014, 0.34% from 2016-2019).

Correlates of cannabis use in a sample of mental health treatment-seeking Canadian armed forces members and veterans.

St Cyr, Kate · 2023

Cannabis use was common among treatment-seeking CAF members and veterans, with users more likely to be younger, have PTSD diagnoses, and report using cannabis specifically for symptom relief..

Clinical course and treatment interventions for adolescents who vaped during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Su, Alex · 2023

Both adolescent patients had underlying social stressors and mental health symptoms that contributed to vaping behavior.

Psychopathology and Pattern of Remission of Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder.

Suresh, P N · 2023

Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder presented primarily with positive symptoms (hostility, excitement, grandiosity) and minimal affective symptoms.

A comprehensive evaluation of adverse childhood experiences, social-emotional impairments, and neurodevelopmental disorders in cannabis-use disorder: Implications for clinical practice.

Trovini, Giada · 2023

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), social-emotional impairments (SEIs), and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) were highly prevalent among CUD patients.

Decoding the link between substance dependence and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A cross-sectional study from North India.

Victor, Robin · 2023

ADHD was found at elevated rates among patients with various substance dependencies, including cannabis dependence.