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Study breakdown

Pediatricians' Guide to Cannabis in Adolescents: Screening, Syndromes, and Treatment

ReviewModerate evidence
The takeaway

A clinical review found less than 20% of U.S. youth currently use cannabis, with lifetime use actually decreasing over recent decades, while providing pediatricians with updated guidance on screening and treatment.

Pediatricians, school health providers, parents seeking evidence-based information about teen cannabis use.

Youth lifetime use has decreased over decades

What the researchers found

Despite increasing adult cannabis use and higher-THC products, longitudinal studies show less than 20% of youth report current cannabis use and lifetime use has actually decreased over recent decades. The review covers acute and chronic clinical syndromes, evidence-based screening tools, and treatment modalities specific to adolescents.

Why it matters

The perception that teen cannabis use is exploding does not match the data. While more potent products are available and adult use has risen, adolescent use has not followed the same trajectory. This nuanced picture helps pediatricians calibrate their responses and focus on evidence-based screening and intervention.

The numbers in context

Less than 20% of youth report current use. Lifetime use has decreased over recent decades. Almost half of U.S. states have legalized recreational adult use.

How the study worked

Clinical review published in Pediatrics in Review covering cannabis formulations, THC concentration variations, epidemiological trends in youth use, clinical syndromes (acute and chronic), evidence-based screening tools, and treatment approaches for adolescent cannabis use.

What this study cannot tell us

Narrative clinical review without systematic methodology. Relies on existing epidemiological surveys that may have limitations. U.S.-focused. Does not quantify the impact of higher-potency products on the subset of youth who do use.

How to read the evidence

Moderate: published in a peer-reviewed clinical review journal drawing on epidemiological data, though not a systematic review.

When this study was published

2025 study

The bigger picture

The disconnect between rising adult legalization and stable or declining youth use suggests that regulatory frameworks may be effectively limiting youth access, or that other social factors are at play. However, the increasing potency of available products means that youth who do use may face greater risks per use episode.

Questions still open

  • Are youth who use cannabis today exposed to more risk per episode due to higher potency? Do current screening tools adequately capture emerging routes of use like vaping and dabbing? How should pediatrician messaging adapt as more states legalize?

Common questions

Is teen cannabis use increasing with legalization?
Despite increasing adult legalization and availability, longitudinal studies show less than 20% of youth currently use cannabis and lifetime use has actually decreased over recent decades.
What should pediatricians know about cannabis?
The review covers different product formulations, varying THC concentrations, how to screen for use, common clinical syndromes to watch for, and evidence-based treatment approaches for adolescents.

Read the original research

Cannabis Use in Adolescents.

Pediatrics in review, 46(9), 482-493

Citation

Rabinow, Lily; Dries, Emily; Hoffman, Neal D. (2025). Cannabis Use in Adolescents.. Pediatrics in review, 46(9), 482-493. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2024-006514

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