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Study breakdown

Pregnant people who use cannabis for nausea face stigma from providers while medication users get only support

QualitativePreliminary evidence
The takeaway

Pregnant individuals who chose cannabis for nausea received stigmatizing feedback from providers and mixed reactions from family, while those choosing medication reported universally positive or neutral responses.

OB-GYNs, midwives, prenatal care providers, and public health professionals addressing substance use in pregnancy.

What the researchers found

Four stakeholder groups influenced treatment decisions: medical providers, partners, family, and friends. The medication group reported only positive or neutral feedback. The cannabis group reported positive feedback from friends but negative, stigmatizing feedback from providers and mixed feedback from family and partners. Many cannabis users concealed their treatment choice after negative reactions.

Why it matters

When pregnant people using cannabis for nausea feel stigmatized by providers, they may stop disclosing their use entirely, removing healthcare professionals from the conversation about safer alternatives or monitoring.

The numbers in context

17 participants interviewed. 4 stakeholder groups identified. Cannabis group reported negative provider feedback described as stigmatizing. Multiple cannabis users concealed their treatment choice.

How the study worked

Semi-structured interviews with 17 pregnant individuals enrolled in a neuroimaging study of prenatal cannabis exposure, exploring interpersonal influences on decisions to treat pregnancy nausea with medication or cannabis.

What this study cannot tell us

Very small sample (n=17) from a single neuroimaging study. Participants self-selected into cannabis or medication groups, introducing selection bias. Qualitative design provides depth but not prevalence estimates.

How to read the evidence

Small qualitative study offers rich insight into patient experiences but cannot be generalized to broader populations.

When this study was published

2024 publication.

The bigger picture

Provider stigmatization of pregnant cannabis users creates a dangerous information vacuum. Without disclosure, providers cannot monitor fetal development, counsel on risks, or offer evidence-based alternatives for severe pregnancy nausea.

Questions still open

  • Do pregnant patients who conceal cannabis use from providers have worse birth outcomes due to reduced monitoring?
  • Would training providers in non-judgmental communication increase disclosure rates?

Common questions

Why do some pregnant people use cannabis for nausea?
Severe pregnancy nausea (hyperemesis gravidarum) can be debilitating, and some people find that standard medications are ineffective or have intolerable side effects. Cannabis use for pregnancy nausea predates modern medicine but carries known risks to fetal development.
Does provider stigma affect health outcomes?
Research across many health conditions shows that stigma reduces disclosure, limits treatment engagement, and worsens outcomes. When pregnant patients hide cannabis use, providers lose the ability to monitor for complications or offer safer alternatives.

Read the original research

Interpersonal Influences on the Choice to Treat Nausea during Pregnancy with Medication or Cannabis.

American journal of perinatology, 41(S 01), e2941-e2951

Citation

Mercer, Amanda H; MacDuffie, Katherine E; Weiss, Elliott M; Johnson, Allegra; Dager, Stephen R; Kleinhans, Natalia. (2024). Interpersonal Influences on the Choice to Treat Nausea during Pregnancy with Medication or Cannabis.. American journal of perinatology, 41(S 01), e2941-e2951. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2183-9013

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