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Study breakdown

Cannabis Exposure in Young Children Prompted Child Protection Involvement in Every Case

Retrospective CohortPreliminary evidence
The takeaway

All 29 children under 4 who tested positive for cannabis in the ER triggered child protection activation, but over 60% of caregivers denied knowledge of exposure.

Pediatric emergency physicians; child protection professionals; cannabis safety advocates.

100% child protection activation; only 3.4% caregiver disclosure

What the researchers found

Over 10 years, 29 children 0-48 months tested positive for cannabis. Neurological symptoms were universal. CPT activated in 100%, police reports 93.1%, CPS contacted 62.1%. Only one caregiver admitted exposure. 37.9% had multiple prior ER visits.

Why it matters

As cannabis products become more available, pediatric exposures increase. Non-specific symptoms and caregiver denial make diagnosis challenging.

The numbers in context

29 cases. 65.5% male. Median age 14 months. CPT: 100%. Police: 93.1%. CPS: 62.1%. Caregiver admission: 3.4%. Multiple prior ER visits: 37.9%.

How the study worked

Retrospective 10-year analysis (2010-2021) at Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem. Children 0-48 months with positive cannabis urine toxicology.

What this study cannot tell us

Single center in Jerusalem. Small sample. Retrospective. Cannot determine route or intentionality.

How to read the evidence

Small retrospective case series at a single center.

When this study was published

2025 study

The bigger picture

The tension between cannabis legalization and child safety is real. Multiple ER visits may signal neglect.

Questions still open

  • How many exposures go undetected? Should routine toxicology be considered for unexplained pediatric neurological symptoms?

Common questions

How do young children get exposed?
Caregivers rarely disclosed. Common pathways include ingesting edibles, secondhand smoke, or contact with cannabis materials.
What symptoms did children have?
Universal neurological symptoms including altered consciousness and drowsiness.

Read the original research

Cannabinoid exposure in infants and children in the pediatric emergency department-the child protection perspective.

European journal of pediatrics, 184(5), 310

Citation

Fridler, Dvora; Cahan, Lea Ohana Sarna; Moshe, Adi Bracha; Guzner, Noa; Gross, Itai; Hashavya, Saar. (2025). Cannabinoid exposure in infants and children in the pediatric emergency department-the child protection perspective.. European journal of pediatrics, 184(5), 310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-06129-1

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