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Study breakdown

Older veterans use medical cannabis as a substitute for opioids and benzodiazepines with little guidance

QualitativePreliminary evidence
The takeaway

Older US veterans reported using medical cannabis as a harm reduction strategy to replace opioids and benzodiazepines, but inconsistent VA policies and limited physician engagement left them navigating use largely on their own.

VA healthcare providers, veteran health policy makers, geriatric medicine specialists

32 older veterans using cannabis as harm reduction with limited clinical guidance

What the researchers found

Semi-structured interviews with 32 older veterans revealed they used medical cannabis as an adjunct or substitute for opioids and benzodiazepines for physical and mental health conditions. Veterans reported inconsistent application of cannabis policies across the Veterans Health Administration system, and limited guidance from healthcare providers despite wanting clinical support.

Why it matters

Veterans have disproportionately high rates of chronic pain and PTSD, conditions traditionally treated with opioids and benzodiazepines. Understanding how they self-manage with cannabis could inform VA policy and clinical practice.

The numbers in context

32 veterans interviewed; selected via maximum variation sampling from survey respondents

How the study worked

Qualitative study using maximum variation sampling to select 32 veterans from a larger survey sample for semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis applied to identify patterns in cannabis use motivations, experiences, and policy concerns.

What this study cannot tell us

Qualitative design with 32 participants limits generalizability. Self-selected participants may overrepresent positive cannabis experiences. Findings specific to the US veteran population and VA system.

How to read the evidence

Qualitative interview study with purposive sampling; provides rich contextual data but small sample and self-selection limit generalizability.

When this study was published

Published 2023

The bigger picture

The disconnect between growing veteran cannabis use and the VA system that cannot prescribe or formally support it creates a situation where some of the highest-need patients are making medication decisions without clinical guidance.

Questions still open

  • Would formal VA integration of medical cannabis reduce opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing? How do veteran cannabis use outcomes compare to continued pharmaceutical treatment?

Common questions

Why are older veterans using medical cannabis?
Veterans in this study reported using cannabis as a harm reduction strategy, substituting it for opioids and benzodiazepines used to treat chronic pain and mental health conditions.
Do VA doctors help veterans with cannabis decisions?
Most veterans reported limited physician engagement regarding cannabis use, and noted inconsistent policies across the VA system that discouraged open discussion.

Read the original research

Prevention, Practice, and Policy: Older US Veterans' Perspectives on Cannabis Use.

Drugs & aging, 40(1), 59-70

Citation

Bobitt, Julie; Clary, Kelly; Krawitz, Michael; Silva, Laura Quintero; Kang, Hyojung. (2023). Prevention, Practice, and Policy: Older US Veterans' Perspectives on Cannabis Use.. Drugs & aging, 40(1), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-022-00995-2

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