Cannabis use was not linked to respiratory ER visits but was associated with more overall hospitalizations

In a population-based study of over 35,000 Ontarians, past-year cannabis use was not associated with respiratory ER visits or hospitalizations, but was associated with 22% higher odds of all-cause ER visits.

Vozoris, Nicholas T et al.·BMJ open respiratory research·2022·Strong EvidenceRetrospective Cohort
RTHC-04282Retrospective CohortStrong Evidence2022RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Retrospective Cohort
Evidence
Strong Evidence
Sample
N=35,114

What This Study Found

No significant difference in respiratory-related ER visits/hospitalizations between cannabis users and controls (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.77-1.09). Cannabis users had significantly higher odds of all-cause ER visits/hospitalizations (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.13-1.31). No difference in all-cause mortality (OR 0.99).

Key Numbers

35,114 individuals screened. 6,425 past-year cannabis users. 4,807 matched to 10,395 controls. Respiratory ER/hospitalizations: OR 0.91 (not significant). All-cause ER/hospitalizations: OR 1.22 (significant). All-cause mortality: OR 0.99 (not significant).

How They Did This

Retrospective population-based cohort study linking health survey and administrative data for Ontario, Canada residents aged 12-65 (2009-2015). 6,425 past-year cannabis users propensity-score matched to 10,395 controls on 31 variables. Outcomes assessed at 12 months.

Why This Research Matters

This well-designed, population-based study adds to the evidence that cannabis does not significantly increase respiratory-specific health emergencies, while confirming it is associated with increased overall healthcare utilization.

The Bigger Picture

The disconnect between the null respiratory finding and the significant all-cause finding suggests cannabis-related health risks may manifest through non-respiratory pathways, including accidents, mental health crises, or cardiovascular events.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Self-reported cannabis use may be underreported. 12-month follow-up may miss longer-term effects. Propensity matching cannot eliminate all confounders. Administrative coding may miss some cannabis-related visits.

Questions This Raises

  • ?What types of all-cause ER visits are driving the increased utilization?
  • ?Would longer follow-up reveal respiratory effects?
  • ?Does consumption method (smoking vs other) matter for respiratory outcomes?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
No respiratory ER increase, but 22% higher all-cause ER visits
Evidence Grade:
Strong: large population-based cohort with propensity-score matching on 31 variables and administrative outcome data.
Study Age:
Published in 2022.
Original Title:
Cannabis use and risks of respiratory and all-cause morbidity and mortality: a population-based, data-linkage, cohort study.
Published In:
BMJ open respiratory research, 9(1) (2022)
Database ID:
RTHC-04282

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Looks back at existing records to find patterns.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Does cannabis cause lung problems?

In this study, past-year cannabis use was not associated with respiratory-related ER visits or hospitalizations, consistent with other evidence that cannabis may not cause the same respiratory emergencies as tobacco.

Why were all-cause ER visits higher?

The study did not break down the types of all-cause visits. Potential contributors include accidents, injuries, mental health events, and cardiovascular events, but this requires further investigation.

Is recreational cannabis use benign?

The authors conclude it is not. While respiratory-specific risks were not elevated, the 22% increase in all-cause ER visits and hospitalizations represents a meaningful health burden.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-04282·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-04282

APA

Vozoris, Nicholas T; Zhu, Jingqin; Ryan, Clodagh M; Chow, Chung-Wai; To, Teresa. (2022). Cannabis use and risks of respiratory and all-cause morbidity and mortality: a population-based, data-linkage, cohort study.. BMJ open respiratory research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001216

MLA

Vozoris, Nicholas T, et al. "Cannabis use and risks of respiratory and all-cause morbidity and mortality: a population-based, data-linkage, cohort study.." BMJ open respiratory research, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001216

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Cannabis use and risks of respiratory and all-cause morbidit..." RTHC-04282. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/vozoris-2022-cannabis-use-and-risks

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.