2025 / Meta Analysis / Moderate evidenceMeta-analysis of 26 RCTs found cannabinoids beat placebo for chemo nausea, but nearly all studies predate modern antiemetics, leaving their current role unclear.
2025 / Retrospective Cohort / Moderate evidenceStudy of 17,423 COVID-19 patients found cannabis and other substance use linked to more ICU admissions and longer hospitalizations but not increased death rates.
2025 / Randomized Controlled Trial / Preliminary evidencePilot RCT found vortioxetine improved clinician-rated mood in cannabis users over 6 months but did not reduce cannabis dependence or self-reported mood symptoms.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Strong evidenceNational survey of 70,000 US adolescents found cannabinoid vaping increased across all types from 2021-2023, with 2.55 million teens vaping THC and synthetic cannabinoid use doubling among youngest students.
2025 / Meta Analysis / Strong evidenceMeta-analysis of 31 studies found male, older, White adolescents who use alcohol or tobacco had the highest odds of vaping cannabis, with Black adolescents having lower odds.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Moderate evidenceAmong 7,178 cannabis users, dual-use (vaping + smoking) was linked to severe externalizing symptoms, while vaping-only was more common among White, higher-income adults.
2025 / Meta Analysis / Strong evidenceMeta-analysis of 81 million participants found cannabis use associated with 71% higher atrial arrhythmia risk, with concurrent drug use and legal country status further increasing risk.
2025 / Qualitative / Preliminary evidenceParents of children with sickle cell disease expressed concerns about medical marijuana similar to their concerns about opioids, with societal stigma as a major barrier to treatment acceptance.
2025 / Qualitative / Preliminary evidenceInterviews with 40 US teens found most viewed cannabis as more acceptable than alcohol, citing alcohol's worse health effects, higher addiction risk, and more aggressive intoxication.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Moderate evidenceSurvey of 935 people found dispensary proximity weakly correlated with medical cannabis attitudes, with gender and state legal status being stronger predictors than physical proximity.
2025 / Observational / Moderate evidenceLab and modeling study found THC and CBD inhibit the enzyme that metabolizes hydromorphone, predicting a 20-30% increase in opioid exposure when cannabis and hydromorphone are used together.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Moderate evidenceAmong 868 HIV-positive cannabis users in legal Ontario, only 14% held medical authorization, with medical users reporting worse physical health, more symptoms, and more frequent therapeutic-style use.
2025 / Case Report / Preliminary evidenceA 45-year-old with 20 years of daily marijuana use required three vascular bypass surgeries for severe PAD despite having no diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia.
2025 / Retrospective Cohort / Strong evidenceAnalysis of 21.9 million Arizona hospital visits found cannabis-related visits were ~7 times more likely to involve psychosis, a stable pattern from 2016 to 2022.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Preliminary evidenceSurvey found 33% of people with hair-pulling or skin-picking disorders used cannabis in the past year, and users had more frequent symptoms and greater distress.
2025 / Systematic Review / Moderate evidenceSystematic review found 15 Canadian youth DUIC prevention initiatives since legalization, but limited evidence that any changed actual driving behavior.
2025 / Pilot Study / Preliminary evidencePilot RCT of a smartphone app for youth cannabis-impaired driving showed positive reception and preliminary efficacy, but faced significant recruitment and retention challenges.
2025 / Animal Study / Preliminary evidenceMouse study found that CBD exposure during pregnancy or nursing decreased pup survival and caused lasting sex-dependent changes in behavior and metabolism.
2025 / Review / Moderate evidenceReview found CBT and motivational therapy improve cannabis use outcomes short-term, but effects typically fade by nine months. No medications are approved for cannabis use disorder.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Strong evidenceAnalysis of 214,505 U.S. adults found cannabis use clustered with heavy drinking, tobacco, and obesity in distinct gender-specific patterns, concentrated in younger and higher-income groups.
2025 / Randomized Controlled Trial / Moderate evidenceExperiment with 2,523 young adults found copycat cannabis packaging reduced correct identification by 65%, highlighting accidental ingestion risks.
2025 / Randomized Controlled Trial / Strong evidenceExperiment with 4,500 young adults found plain cannabis packaging boosted warning recall by 47% and reduced appeal, while health claims on packages increased appeal.
2025 / Qualitative / Preliminary evidenceInterviews with 24 CHS patients found that positive beliefs about cannabis led many to contest their diagnosis and try alternative use patterns rather than abstaining.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Preliminary evidenceStudy of 93 older adults found cannabis smoking linked to thousands of epigenetic changes, mostly persisting after quitting, concentrated in cancer and aging pathways.
2025 / Animal Study / Preliminary evidenceMouse study found repeated JWH-018 exposure progressively increased hyperactivity and aggression through CB1 and dopamine pathways, with brain receptor changes.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Preliminary evidenceStudy of 70 adolescent smokers found daily cannabis users wanted more cigarettes but were more sensitive to price increases than non-cannabis users.
2025 / Pilot Study / Preliminary evidencePilot trial with 101 young adults with psychosis found a digital cannabis harm reduction app was feasible (82% retention) and showed early signals of benefit.
2025 / Longitudinal Cohort / Strong evidence35-year CARDIA study of 4,328 adults found no association between cumulative cannabis use and developing hypertension, with results robust across sensitivity analyses.
2025 / Prospective Cohort / Strong evidenceALSPAC study of 15,013 families found prenatal cannabis-outcome links were largely explained by confounding, since paternal cannabis use showed similar associations.
2025 / Retrospective Cohort / Moderate evidencePooled analysis of 684 cancer patients found cannabinoid use during dual immunotherapy was safe and associated with improved progression-free survival by one measure.
2025 / Animal Study / Preliminary evidenceRat study found a standardized cannabis extract at doses up to 56 mg/kg had no significant effects on fertility, hormones, sperm quality, or early embryo development.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Preliminary evidenceCross-sectional study of 82 methadone patients found childhood trauma correlated with greater pain, more alcohol use, and earlier cannabis initiation.
2025 / Animal Study / Preliminary evidenceIn a zebrafish autism model, CBD reversed hyperactivity and aggression more effectively than risperidone and normalized underlying neurobiological markers.
2025 / Qualitative / Preliminary evidenceA cannabis harm-reduction app co-designed with young adults scored 4.43/5.0 on usability and is now being evaluated for efficacy.
2025 / Case Report / Preliminary evidence34 severe poisonings in New Jersey linked to gas station tianeptine products adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids. 43% required intubation.
2025 / Animal Study / Moderate evidenceRodent brain study reveals stress hormone corticosterone triggers endocannabinoid (2-AG) production in a pain-control region, reducing inhibitory GABA signaling through CB1 receptors.
2025 / Narrative Review / Preliminary evidenceParents are increasingly giving children unregulated CBD products despite FDA approval only for specific epilepsy — with concerns about product quality, drug interactions, and absent pediatric evidence.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Moderate evidenceSynthetic cannabinoids found in vapes at 78% of 27 English secondary schools tested, with prevalence tied to socioeconomic deprivation.
2025 / Case Report / Preliminary evidenceSeven disposable vapes sold as cannabis in the UK all contained synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA at 0.85 mg/mL median, with zero natural cannabinoids.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Preliminary evidence345 healthcare trainees across four disciplines completed a cannabis education program; 96% reported improved ability to counsel patients.
2025 / Prospective Cohort / Moderate evidenceNeonatal MRI found lower total brain volume in infants exposed to cannabis in utero — in a carefully controlled study excluding alcohol, tobacco, and other drug exposure.
2025 / Animal Study / Moderate evidenceMouse study finds CB1 receptors on dopamine neurons in the VTA-to-NAc circuit link trait anxiety to enhanced reward learning.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Moderate evidenceSurvey of 4,031 young adults found cannabis-using parents nearly tripled their odds of using cannabis.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Moderate evidenceStudy of 1,359 young adult cannabis users identified four spending profiles. Higher-spending groups reported more problematic use.
2025 / Longitudinal Cohort / Moderate evidenceEuropean longitudinal study finds genetic risk for cannabis use disorder is associated with impulsivity, novelty seeking, and white matter brain changes as early as age 14.
2025 / Pilot Study / Preliminary evidencePilot trial with 6 sickle cell patients showed dronabinol for pain is feasible and safe. A larger parallel trial is underway.
2025 / Randomized Controlled Trial / Moderate evidenceLongest cannabinoid trial in Alzheimer's: 26 weeks of very low-dose THC-CBD extract showed significantly higher cognitive scores vs placebo.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Moderate evidenceSurvey of 1,721 medical cannabis patients shows widespread use of delta-8 THC, THCA, CBG, and CBN. Most reported stopping at least one pharmaceutical.
2025 / Cross Sectional / Moderate evidenceAmong 63,713 insured epilepsy patients, 1.1% had cannabis use disorder. Young adults 18-24 were at 5x the risk.
2025 / Animal Study / Preliminary evidenceIn rat migraine models, CBD combined with 0.3% THC provided the longest pain relief and was the only treatment reducing light sensitivity.