Adults with ADHD symptoms experienced more daily cannabis consequences, especially around sleep use

Among 62 regular cannabis users tracked daily for 14 days, those with more ADHD symptoms experienced more daily cannabis consequences, particularly on days when they used cannabis for boredom or sleep.

Goldstein, Abby L et al.·Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs·2021·Moderate EvidenceLongitudinal Cohort
RTHC-03160Longitudinal CohortModerate Evidence2021RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Longitudinal Cohort
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
N=62

What This Study Found

Higher past-6-month ADHD symptoms predicted more daily cannabis consequences overall. Using cannabis for boredom or sleep was associated with more consequences on those days. Although ADHD symptoms were associated with more consequences on days with sleep motives, the relationship was actually stronger on days without sleep motives, suggesting ADHD-related consequences may overlap with ADHD symptoms themselves.

Key Numbers

62 participants; ages 19-25; 60% male; 14 daily reports; higher ADHD symptoms predicted more daily consequences; boredom and sleep motives predicted more consequences; cannabis consequences overlapped with ADHD symptoms

How They Did This

Daily diary study of 62 emerging adults (ages 19-25, 60% male) who used cannabis at least twice in the prior 2 weeks. Baseline ADHD screening followed by 14 daily reports on cannabis use, consequences, and motives.

Why This Research Matters

People with ADHD use cannabis at higher rates and may experience more negative consequences. Understanding that ADHD symptoms interact with specific cannabis use motives can inform targeted intervention strategies.

The Bigger Picture

The overlap between ADHD symptoms and cannabis consequences suggests that some "cannabis problems" in people with ADHD may actually be manifestations of ADHD itself, complicating both assessment and treatment of cannabis use disorder in this population.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Small sample (62 participants). Self-reported ADHD symptoms rather than clinical diagnosis. 14-day window is brief. Only regular cannabis users included, limiting generalizability. Cannot separate cannabis effects from underlying ADHD.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Would treating ADHD reduce cannabis-related consequences?
  • ?Are standard cannabis consequence measures valid for people with ADHD, given the symptom overlap?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Cannabis consequences overlapped with ADHD symptoms, complicating assessment
Evidence Grade:
Novel daily diary design capturing within-person variation, but small sample and brief observation window limit conclusions.
Study Age:
Published in 2021.
Original Title:
Exploring the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Daily Cannabis Consequences in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Cannabis Motives.
Published In:
Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 82(2), 228-236 (2021)
Database ID:
RTHC-03160

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Follows a group of people over time to track how outcomes develop.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do people with ADHD have more cannabis problems?

The study found that cannabis consequences in people with ADHD overlapped with ADHD symptoms themselves (like difficulty concentrating, restlessness). This means some "cannabis problems" may actually be ADHD symptoms rather than true cannabis-caused impairment.

Does using cannabis for sleep help people with ADHD?

Using cannabis for sleep was associated with more daily consequences, not fewer. While people with ADHD commonly report using cannabis to help with sleep, the data suggest this pattern is associated with more problems overall.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-03160·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-03160

APA

Goldstein, Abby L; Shifrin, Alexandra; Katz, Jasmin L; Iu, Lap K; Kofler, Danielle. (2021). Exploring the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Daily Cannabis Consequences in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Cannabis Motives.. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 82(2), 228-236.

MLA

Goldstein, Abby L, et al. "Exploring the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Daily Cannabis Consequences in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Cannabis Motives.." Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2021.

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Exploring the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Daily C..." RTHC-03160. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/goldstein-2021-exploring-the-relationship-between

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.