CBD targets liver cancer through multiple pathways including enhancing sorafenib

A review of 16 studies found CBD fought liver cancer cells through apoptosis, autophagy, and metastasis suppression, and enhanced the effectiveness of the standard drugs sorafenib and cabozantinib.

Esmaeli, Mojtaba et al.·Cancer cell international·2025·Preliminary EvidenceSystematic Review
RTHC-06415Systematic ReviewPreliminary Evidence2025RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Systematic Review
Evidence
Preliminary Evidence
Sample
Not reported

What This Study Found

CBD induced pyroptosis (inflammatory cell death) via caspase-3/GSDME, modulated autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and sensitized liver cancer cells to both sorafenib and cabozantinib.

Key Numbers

16 studies included. CBD mechanisms: pyroptosis via caspase-3/GSDME, autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition, chemosensitization to sorafenib and cabozantinib. Clinical studies remain limited.

How They Did This

Systematic review searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through March 2025, identifying 16 relevant studies including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations of CBD in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Why This Research Matters

Liver cancer is a major global cause of cancer death with limited treatment options. Sorafenib resistance is common, so finding that CBD can resensitize cancer cells to this drug addresses a critical clinical problem.

The Bigger Picture

Drug resistance is the primary reason liver cancer treatments fail. CBD's ability to enhance standard therapies while independently attacking tumors through multiple pathways makes it a candidate for combination therapy research.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Predominantly preclinical evidence. CBD's known potential for hepatotoxicity is a particular concern for liver cancer applications. Bioavailability challenges may limit achievable tumor concentrations.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Can CBD be safely used in patients with compromised liver function?
  • ?What formulation would overcome CBD's bioavailability limitations for liver-targeted therapy?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
CBD sensitized liver cancer cells to both sorafenib and cabozantinib
Evidence Grade:
Systematic review of mostly preclinical studies. Promising mechanistic evidence but limited clinical data and specific safety concerns for liver applications.
Study Age:
Published in 2025, literature through March 2025.
Original Title:
Cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic agent for liver cancer: a comprehensive review of current evidence.
Published In:
Cancer cell international, 25(1), 215 (2025)
Database ID:
RTHC-06415

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic ReviewCombines many studies into one answer
This study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-Control
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Analyzes all available research on a topic using a structured method.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Could CBD help treat liver cancer?

Lab studies show CBD can kill liver cancer cells and enhance standard drug effectiveness. However, CBD's known potential for liver toxicity raises safety concerns that need careful study before clinical use.

How might CBD help with drug-resistant liver cancer?

CBD was found to sensitize liver cancer cells to sorafenib and cabozantinib, potentially overcoming the drug resistance that causes most liver cancer treatments to eventually fail.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-06415·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-06415

APA

Esmaeli, Mojtaba; Dehghanpour Dehabadi, Maryam. (2025). Cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic agent for liver cancer: a comprehensive review of current evidence.. Cancer cell international, 25(1), 215. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03870-3

MLA

Esmaeli, Mojtaba, et al. "Cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic agent for liver cancer: a comprehensive review of current evidence.." Cancer cell international, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03870-3

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic agent for liver..." RTHC-06415. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/esmaeli-2025-cannabidiol-cbd-as-a

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.