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Study breakdown

Cannabis users over 45 reported more memory and thinking problems than non-users

Cross SectionalModerate evidence
The takeaway

In over 100,000 US adults aged 45+, past-month marijuana users reported higher rates of subjective cognitive decline, with a dose-response pattern showing more frequent use linked to more cognitive complaints.

Geriatricians, primary care providers, older cannabis users

Dose-response relationship between cannabis use frequency and subjective cognitive decline (p < 0.001)

What the researchers found

Past-month marijuana users reported higher rates of subjective cognitive decline and SCD-related functional limitations compared to non-users, with a significant dose-response trend (p < 0.001).

Why it matters

As cannabis use grows among older adults, understanding whether it is associated with cognitive complaints in this age group is important for clinical guidance.

The numbers in context

100,685 participants aged 45+; five BRFSS cycles; dose-response trend p < 0.001 for both SCD and SCD-related functional limitations.

How the study worked

Cross-sectional analysis of 100,685 participants from five BRFSS survey cycles; self-reported past-month marijuana use categorized by frequency; subjective cognitive decline and functional limitations assessed.

What this study cannot tell us

Cross-sectional design cannot determine causation; self-reported marijuana use and cognitive decline; no objective cognitive testing; potential confounders including other substance use.

How to read the evidence

Very large nationally representative sample with dose-response pattern, but cross-sectional design and reliance on self-report limit causal interpretation.

When this study was published

Published 2025

The bigger picture

Whether cannabis use contributes to or merely correlates with cognitive decline in aging populations remains unresolved, but these self-reported data flag a concerning pattern.

Questions still open

  • Does marijuana use accelerate cognitive decline in older adults, or do people with cognitive symptoms self-medicate? Would prospective studies with objective testing confirm this association?

Common questions

Did cannabis use correlate with memory problems in older adults?
Yes. Past-month marijuana users aged 45+ reported more subjective cognitive decline and related functional limitations, with more frequent use linked to more complaints.
Does this prove cannabis causes cognitive decline?
No. The cross-sectional design cannot establish causation. People experiencing cognitive decline may use cannabis to cope rather than cannabis causing the decline.

Read the original research

Marijuana use and subjective cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults: Analysis of the behavioral risk factor surveillance system survey.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 105(1), 280-291

Citation

Chen, Xiao; Wang, Peilu; Tang, Yilin; Veldheer, Susan; Geng, Tingting; Sun, Liang; Li, Yaqi; Gao, Xiang. (2025). Marijuana use and subjective cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults: Analysis of the behavioral risk factor surveillance system survey.. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 105(1), 280-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251327164

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