Psychosis Without Cannabis History Shows Worse Eye Movement Control

Patients with early psychosis who had never used cannabis showed worse smooth pursuit eye movement performance than patients whose psychosis developed in the context of cannabis use.

Sami, Musa Basseer et al.·NPJ schizophrenia·2021·Preliminary EvidenceCase-Control
RTHC-03491Case ControlPreliminary Evidence2021RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Case-Control
Evidence
Preliminary Evidence
Sample
N=91

What This Study Found

Among 91 participants across four groups, early psychosis patients without cannabis history had significantly worse smooth pursuit velocity gain compared to those with cannabis history (effect size g=0.76-0.86), suggesting less severe neurobiological alterations in cannabis-associated psychosis.

Key Numbers

91 participants (28 psychosis+cannabis, 25 psychosis no cannabis, 16 controls+cannabis, 22 controls no cannabis); smooth pursuit impairment effect size g=0.76-0.86 between psychosis groups; significant patient x cannabis interaction (p=0.04).

How They Did This

Case-control study comparing four groups (psychosis with/without cannabis history, controls with/without cannabis) on smooth pursuit eye movements at three frequencies and antisaccade performance.

Why This Research Matters

If psychosis that develops with cannabis use involves less severe underlying brain abnormalities than psychosis without cannabis, it could have implications for prognosis and treatment approaches.

The Bigger Picture

These findings align with the theory that cannabis-associated psychosis may represent a less neurobiologically impaired subtype, where the substance itself contributes substantially to pushing someone over the psychosis threshold.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Small sample sizes in each group; cross-sectional design; cannabis use history was self-reported; medication effects could influence eye movements.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Do patients with cannabis-associated psychosis have better long-term outcomes if they stop using?
  • ?Could eye movement testing help distinguish psychosis subtypes?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Large effect size (g=0.76-0.86) showing worse eye movement control in psychosis patients without cannabis history
Evidence Grade:
Small case-control study with novel neurobiological measures, limited by sample size and cross-sectional design.
Study Age:
Published in 2021.
Original Title:
Eye movements in patients in early psychosis with and without a history of cannabis use.
Published In:
NPJ schizophrenia, 7(1), 24 (2021)
Database ID:
RTHC-03491

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Compares people with a condition to similar people without it.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

What do eye movements reveal about psychosis?

Smooth pursuit eye movement impairment is a well-established marker of neurobiological dysfunction in psychosis. This study found worse impairment in patients whose psychosis developed without cannabis use.

Does this mean cannabis-caused psychosis is less severe?

The findings suggest that when psychosis develops in the context of cannabis use, the underlying brain abnormalities may be less severe than in psychosis that develops without cannabis. However, more research is needed.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-03491·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-03491

APA

Sami, Musa Basseer; Annibale, Luciano; O'Neill, Aisling; Collier, Tracy; Onyejiaka, Chidimma; Eranti, Savitha; Das, Debasis; Kelbrick, Marlene; McGuire, Philip; Williams, Steve C R; Rana, Anas; Ettinger, Ulrich; Bhattacharyya, Sagnik. (2021). Eye movements in patients in early psychosis with and without a history of cannabis use.. NPJ schizophrenia, 7(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-021-00155-2

MLA

Sami, Musa Basseer, et al. "Eye movements in patients in early psychosis with and without a history of cannabis use.." NPJ schizophrenia, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-021-00155-2

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Eye movements in patients in early psychosis with and withou..." RTHC-03491. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/sami-2021-eye-movements-in-patients

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.