Most CBD Products Contain Undisclosed Minor Cannabinoids

Among 80 over-the-counter CBD products, the most frequently detected minor cannabinoids were CBDV (100%), CBG (77%), CBC (72%), CBN (67%), CBL (67%), and CBDA (51%). Delta-8 THC was not detected. Concentrations varied widely (e.g., CBDA: 0.006-12.258 mg/mL). The pharmaceutical control (Epidiolex) was used for comparison. None of these minor cannabinoid concentrations were on product labels.

Cross-section of 80 local and national hemp-derived CBD oil products purchased online and in retail outlets in central Kentucky. Solvent extraction and quantification by LC-MS/MS targeting 15 minor cannabinoids. Epidiolex included as regulated control.

Consumers using CBD products are unknowingly exposed to multiple other cannabinoids whose effects and interactions are poorly understood. This lack of transparency undermines informed consent and complicates research on CBD effects.

The ubiquity of minor cannabinoids in CBD products means that any consumer or research experience with "CBD" is actually an experience with a complex cannabinoid mixture. This confounds both personal use decisions and clinical research.

Kentucky-based sample may not represent national or international markets. Products tested at one point in time; batch variation is unknown. Does not assess whether detected concentrations are pharmacologically relevant. 80 products is a sample, not comprehensive coverage.