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Study breakdown

Frequent Cannabis Users Are Less Likely to Get Breast and Prostate Cancer Screenings

Cross SectionalModerate evidence
The takeaway

Heavy cannabis use (20-30 days/month) was associated with 30% lower odds of breast cancer screening and 40% lower odds of prostate cancer screening, but had no effect on cervical or colorectal screening.

Primary care physicians; preventive health advocates; cannabis-using adults

40% lower prostate cancer screening adherence among daily cannabis users

What the researchers found

High-frequency cannabis use was associated with lower breast cancer screening adherence (aOR 0.70) and prostate cancer screening at any frequency (1-19 days: aOR 0.76; 20-30 days: aOR 0.60). No significant effect was found for cervical or colorectal cancer screening.

Why it matters

If frequent cannabis use is associated with skipping cancer screenings, clinicians seeing cannabis-using patients may need to be more proactive about screening recommendations.

The numbers in context

229,711 patients analyzed. Breast cancer screening: aOR 0.70 (20-30 days use). Prostate screening: aOR 0.60 (20-30 days), 0.76 (1-19 days). No significant effect on cervical or colorectal screening.

How the study worked

Analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data covering 229,711 patients eligible for cancer screening. Multivariable adjusted models assessed cannabis use frequency and screening adherence.

What this study cannot tell us

Cross-sectional design cannot establish causation. Self-reported cannabis use and screening adherence. Cannot distinguish recreational from medical users. Confounders like healthcare access may explain the association.

How to read the evidence

Large population-based survey with multivariable adjustment; moderate because of sample size despite cross-sectional limitations.

When this study was published

2025 publication using BRFSS survey data

The bigger picture

This may reflect broader healthcare engagement patterns rather than a direct effect of cannabis. Heavy cannabis users may be less likely to seek preventive care in general.

Questions still open

  • Is the association driven by cannabis itself or by the demographics of heavy users? Would targeted screening reminders for cannabis users close this gap? Does medical cannabis use show the same pattern?

Common questions

Does cannabis cause people to skip cancer screenings?
This study found an association, not causation. Heavy cannabis users were less likely to be up-to-date on certain screenings, but this could reflect broader health behaviors rather than a direct effect of cannabis.
Why were only breast and prostate screenings affected?
The researchers speculate this may relate to screening accessibility or the demographics of heavy cannabis users. Cervical and colorectal screenings showed no significant association with cannabis use at any frequency.

Read the original research

Association of Cannabis Use With Guideline-Recommended Cancer Screenings: Results From a National Health Behaviors Survey.

JCO oncology practice, OP2401093

Citation

Dagnino, Filippo; Pohl, Klara K; Qian, Zhiyu; Zurl, Hanna; Stelzl, Daniel; Korn, Stephan M; Lughezzani, Giovanni; Buffi, Nicolò M; Kibel, Adam S; Trinh, Quoc-Dien; Cole, Alexander P. (2025). Association of Cannabis Use With Guideline-Recommended Cancer Screenings: Results From a National Health Behaviors Survey.. JCO oncology practice, OP2401093. https://doi.org/10.1200/OP-24-01093

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