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Study breakdown

Long-Term Cannabis Users Show No Cognitive Deficits When Abstinent — But Distinct Personality Traits

Cross SectionalModerate evidence
The takeaway

Chronic cannabis users showed no neuropsychological deficits after 10-30 days of abstinence but were distinguished by higher novelty seeking and impulsive nonconformity compared to non-users.

Cannabis users concerned about cognitive effects, neuropsychologists, addiction researchers, and policymakers

What the researchers found

No significant group differences in neuropsychological performance between chronic cannabis users (n=56), ayahuasca users (n=69), and non-users (n=94) matched for age, education, and IQ; personality traits (novelty seeking, impulsive nonconformity) best distinguished cannabis users.

Why it matters

This challenges the persistent narrative that cannabis causes lasting brain damage — when users are matched for intelligence and education and given time to clear acute effects, cognitive deficits disappear.

The numbers in context

56 cannabis users, 69 ayahuasca users, 94 non-users; matched by age, education, IQ; 10-30 days abstinence required; cannabis users: higher novelty seeking and impulsive nonconformity, lower introvertive anhedonia.

How the study worked

Cross-sectional study comparing matched groups of regular cannabis users, ayahuasca users, and non-users on neuropsychological battery and personality questionnaires after 10-30 days of abstinence.

What this study cannot tell us

Cross-sectional design cannot determine if personality traits preceded or followed cannabis use; self-selected non-treatment-seeking sample; 10-30 day abstinence may not capture very long-term residual effects.

How to read the evidence

Well-matched cross-sectional design with comprehensive neuropsychological battery and validated personality measures, but cannot establish causation or generalize to all users.

When this study was published

Published in 2026 in European Neuropsychopharmacology, contributing to the ongoing debate about cannabis and cognition.

The bigger picture

The finding that personality, not cognition, distinguishes users suggests that some 'cannabis-related' cognitive issues found in other studies may reflect pre-existing traits rather than drug effects.

Questions still open

  • Do personality traits predispose to cannabis use, or does long-term use shape personality? Would results differ in treatment-seeking or problematic users?

Common questions

Does long-term cannabis use cause permanent brain damage?
This study found no neuropsychological deficits in chronic cannabis users after 10-30 days of abstinence when matched for intelligence and education, suggesting acute effects may be reversible.
How are cannabis users different from non-users?
Personality, not cognition, was the distinguishing factor — cannabis users scored higher on novelty seeking and impulsive nonconformity, which may have preceded rather than resulted from use.

Read the original research

Personality, not cognition, distinguishes chronic ayahuasca and cannabis users from non-users.

European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 106, 112782

Citation

Bouso, José Carlos; Andión, Oscar; Estévez, Sabela Fondevila; González, Débora; Alcázar-Córcoles, Miguel Ángel; Kohek, Maja; Santos, Rafael Guimaraes Dos; Hallak, Jaime; Riba, Jordi. (2026). Personality, not cognition, distinguishes chronic ayahuasca and cannabis users from non-users.. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 106, 112782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112782

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