How cannabinoids affect long-term memory formation through synaptic plasticity

Evidence on cannabinoid effects on LTP and memory is contradictory. Cannabinoids can affect CB1, CB2, and non-specific receptors, producing varied effects on synaptic plasticity. Impact depends on dosage, timing, formula, route of consumption, and the endocannabinoid system's interaction with other brain networks.

Narrative review examining how exogenous cannabinoids, CB receptor agonists/antagonists, and endocannabinoids affect LTP and synaptic plasticity through various receptor interactions and neurotransmitter pathways.

With increasing cannabis use, especially among young people, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind cannabis's memory effects is essential for predicting long-term cognitive outcomes and identifying who may be most vulnerable.

The contradictory evidence on cannabinoids and memory likely reflects genuine biological complexity rather than methodological problems. The same cannabinoid can enhance or impair memory depending on dose, brain region, and which receptor subtypes are engaged.

Mostly preclinical evidence with limited human translation. Review-level synthesis with heterogeneous methodology across studies. Interactions between receptor systems make isolating individual mechanisms difficult.