Medical Cannabis Users Report Better Quality of Life Than Non-Users

In a study of 1,276 participants, medical cannabis users reported better quality of life, less pain and anxiety, and fewer conventional medication uses compared to non-users, with longitudinal data suggesting cannabis itself may explain the differences.

Schlienz, Nicolas J et al.·Cannabis and cannabinoid research·2021·Moderate EvidenceLongitudinal Cohort
RTHC-03502Longitudinal CohortModerate Evidence2021RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Longitudinal Cohort
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
N=808

What This Study Found

Cannabis users (n=808) self-reported significantly better quality of life, lower anxiety, less depression, better sleep, and fewer ER visits compared to controls (n=468), and longitudinal follow-ups suggested these differences were associated with initiating or maintaining cannabis use.

Key Numbers

1,276 participants (808 cannabis users, 468 controls); 33% completed prospective follow-ups; users reported significantly better QoL, lower pain, anxiety, depression, better sleep, and fewer ER visits (all p values significant).

How They Did This

Longitudinal web-based survey study (April 2016-February 2018) comparing medical cannabis users to controls registered with the Realm of Caring Foundation, with follow-up assessments every 3 months; analyzed using negative binomial regression and linear mixed effects models.

Why This Research Matters

While observational, the longitudinal component showing changes when participants started or stopped cannabis provides stronger evidence than cross-sectional comparisons alone that cannabis use may be contributing to reported health improvements.

The Bigger Picture

These patient-reported outcomes, while subject to expectation bias, represent the real-world experience of medical cannabis users and could help guide the design of controlled clinical trials targeting specific health conditions.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Convenience sample from a cannabis advocacy organization; strong potential for expectation bias; self-reported outcomes without clinical verification; low follow-up completion rate (33%).

Questions This Raises

  • ?Would randomized controlled trials confirm these self-reported benefits?
  • ?How much of the reported improvement reflects genuine therapeutic effects versus placebo and expectation effects?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Medical cannabis users reported significantly better quality of life across multiple health domains
Evidence Grade:
Longitudinal observational study with self-reported outcomes from a cannabis-affiliated organization, providing moderate evidence subject to significant expectation bias.
Study Age:
Data collected April 2016 to February 2018.
Original Title:
A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Comparison of Medicinal Cannabis Users and Controls on Self-Reported Health.
Published In:
Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 6(6), 548-558 (2021)
Database ID:
RTHC-03502

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Follows a group of people over time to track how outcomes develop.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

What health improvements did medical cannabis users report?

Users reported significantly better quality of life, less pain, lower anxiety and depression, improved sleep, and fewer emergency room visits compared to non-users.

Could these results be biased?

Yes. Participants were recruited through a cannabis advocacy organization, and self-reported health outcomes are susceptible to expectation bias. However, the longitudinal component showing changes with cannabis initiation and cessation strengthens the findings.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-03502·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-03502

APA

Schlienz, Nicolas J; Scalsky, Ryan; Martin, Erin L; Jackson, Heather; Munson, Joel; Strickland, Justin C; Bonn-Miller, Marcel O; Loflin, Mallory; Vandrey, Ryan. (2021). A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Comparison of Medicinal Cannabis Users and Controls on Self-Reported Health.. Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 6(6), 548-558. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2019.0096

MLA

Schlienz, Nicolas J, et al. "A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Comparison of Medicinal Cannabis Users and Controls on Self-Reported Health.." Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2019.0096

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Comparison of Medicinal Ca..." RTHC-03502. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/schlienz-2021-a-crosssectional-and-prospective

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.