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Study breakdown

A Scoping Review Found Very Little Research on Cannabis Use Among ICU Patients

Scoping ReviewModerate evidence
The takeaway

Of 2,589 articles screened, only 22 studied cannabis in ICU settings, finding cannabis-associated admissions were mainly from EVALI and synthetic cannabinoid toxicity, with inconsistent effects on mortality and a trend toward increased pain and analgesic needs.

Intensivists, ICU nurses, critical care researchers, anesthesiologists.

Only 22 of 2,589 screened articles addressed cannabis use in ICU patients

What the researchers found

Cannabis-associated ICU admissions were primarily from vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) and synthetic cannabinoid toxicity. Outcome studies were mostly limited to trauma and burns, showing inconsistent mortality effects and a trend toward increased pain scores and analgesic requirements. Two trials of synthetic cannabinoids for traumatic brain injury found no significant effect on intracranial pressure.

Why it matters

As cannabis use becomes more prevalent, ICU clinicians increasingly encounter patients who use cannabis. The near-absence of relevant research means clinical decisions are being made without adequate evidence.

The numbers in context

2,589 articles screened. 22 included. Admissions mainly from EVALI and synthetic cannabinoid toxicity. Inconsistent mortality findings in trauma/burns populations. Two TBI trials showed no intracranial pressure effect.

How the study worked

Systematic scoping review of four databases, screening 2,589 articles and including 22 for analysis, covering cannabis-associated admissions, outcomes, and therapeutic uses in adult ICU patients.

What this study cannot tell us

Scoping review design provides breadth but limited depth. The small number of included studies (22) reflects the literature gap rather than selective inclusion. Most outcome studies were in trauma/burns, limiting generalizability to other ICU populations.

How to read the evidence

Scoping review identifying a major gap in the literature. Included studies were limited in number and scope.

When this study was published

Published in 2023.

The bigger picture

Cannabis is the most used recreational drug worldwide, yet its impact on critically ill patients is barely studied. The trend toward increased pain and analgesic needs in cannabis-using ICU patients aligns with tolerance findings from other settings.

Questions still open

  • Does chronic cannabis use affect ventilator weaning or sedation requirements in ICU?
  • Should ICU protocols account for cannabis use history when managing pain and sedation?

Common questions

Does cannabis use affect ICU outcomes?
Research is very limited. The few studies available, mostly in trauma and burns patients, showed inconsistent mortality effects and a trend toward increased pain and analgesic requirements.
Can cannabinoids be used therapeutically in ICU?
Two trials tested synthetic cannabinoids for traumatic brain injury but found no significant effect on intracranial pressure. There is minimal other research on therapeutic ICU use.

Read the original research

Cannabis use in the intensive care setting: A scoping review.

Journal of critical care, 78, 154397

Citation

Renger, Laura; Pathmanathan, Kevin; Glynn, Rosie; Laupland, Kevin B. (2023). Cannabis use in the intensive care setting: A scoping review.. Journal of critical care, 78, 154397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154397

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