About 2% of the general population meets criteria for functional nausea and vomiting disorders, with cannabis use amplifying hot-bath seeking

A population survey of nearly 6,000 adults found 2.2% met criteria for functional nausea/vomiting disorders, with all seven cases of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome located in the US and hot water bathing behavior augmented by cannabis use across all vomiting disorders.

RTHC-01926Cross SectionalModerate Evidence2019RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Cross-Sectional
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
N=131

What This Study Found

FNVDs affected 2.2% of the population. CVS prevalence was higher in the US (2%) than Canada (0.7%) or UK (1%). All 7 cases meeting cannabinoid hyperemesis criteria were in the US. Hot water bathing to relieve vomiting was significantly more common in CVS (44%) than CNVS (19%) and was independent of cannabis use but augmented by it.

Key Numbers

5,931 adults surveyed. 2.2% (n=131) met FNVD criteria. US prevalence: 3%. CVS: US 2%, Canada 0.7%, UK 1%. 7 cannabinoid hyperemesis cases, all in US. Hot bathing: CVS 44% vs CNVS 19% (p=.03). Cannabis augmented hot bathing behavior.

How They Did This

Internet cross-sectional health survey of 5,931 adults across the US, Canada, and UK in 2015. Quota-based sampling for demographic balance. Rome IV diagnostic criteria for functional nausea and vomiting disorders.

Why This Research Matters

This is one of the first population-level estimates of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome prevalence using standardized diagnostic criteria. The finding that hot bathing behavior occurs in all functional vomiting disorders, not just cannabinoid hyperemesis, challenges assumptions about diagnosis.

The Bigger Picture

The finding that hot water bathing is not unique to cannabinoid hyperemesis, but is amplified by cannabis, suggests a more nuanced relationship between cannabis and vomiting disorders than previously appreciated. It also raises questions about diagnostic specificity.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Internet survey with self-reported symptoms. Cannabis use patterns were not detailed. The 7 cannabinoid hyperemesis cases are too few for meaningful subgroup analysis. Cultural differences in cannabis access may explain geographic variation.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Why is cannabinoid hyperemesis apparently more prevalent in the US?
  • ?Does cannabis cause the vomiting or exacerbate a pre-existing tendency?
  • ?Could some cyclic vomiting syndrome cases be undiagnosed cannabinoid hyperemesis?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
2.2% population prevalence
Evidence Grade:
Rated moderate because this is a large population-representative survey using standardized Rome IV criteria, though self-report and small subgroup sizes limit some findings.
Study Age:
Published in 2019 based on 2015 data, before recreational cannabis legalization in Canada (2018).
Original Title:
Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Associations for Rome IV Functional Nausea and Vomiting Disorders in Adults.
Published In:
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 17(5), 878-886 (2019)
Database ID:
RTHC-01926

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-Control
Cross-Sectional / ObservationalSnapshot without intervening
This study
Case Report / Animal Study

A snapshot of a population at one point in time.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

How common is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

In this survey, 7 out of nearly 6,000 adults met criteria, all in the US. The broader category of cyclic vomiting syndrome affected about 1-2% of the population.

Why do people with vomiting disorders take hot baths?

Hot water bathing relieved vomiting symptoms in 44% of cyclic vomiting patients. Interestingly, this behavior was not unique to cannabinoid hyperemesis but was more common and amplified by cannabis use.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-01926·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-01926

APA

Aziz, Imran; Palsson, Olafur S; Whitehead, William E; Sperber, Ami D; Simrén, Magnus; Törnblom, Hans. (2019). Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Associations for Rome IV Functional Nausea and Vomiting Disorders in Adults.. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 17(5), 878-886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2018.05.020

MLA

Aziz, Imran, et al. "Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Associations for Rome IV Functional Nausea and Vomiting Disorders in Adults.." Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2018.05.020

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Associations for..." RTHC-01926. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/aziz-2019-epidemiology-clinical-characteristics-and

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.