Impulsivity and using cannabis to cope with negative emotions were the strongest predictors of heavy daily use

Latent class analysis identified three use groups: low (23%, 1-9 days/month), moderate (41%, 10-29 days/month, 2-3 times/day), and high (36%, daily, 4+ times/day). Greater delay discounting (impulsivity) and cannabis coping motives were significantly associated with higher frequency use classes. Anxiety sensitivity also predicted higher use. Negative urgency was not significantly associated with use frequency.

National sample of 2,545 cannabis users assessed for delay discounting, negative urgency, cannabis coping motives, and anxiety sensitivity. Latent class analysis derived frequency groups; multinomial logistic regression tested predictors.

Identifying that impulsivity and emotional coping drive heavy use provides specific therapeutic targets. Rather than treating cannabis use generally, interventions could focus on improving delay tolerance and teaching alternative coping strategies.

The finding that 36% of users consume daily at 4+ times/day highlights that "cannabis use" is not one behavior. The heaviest users are driven by impulsivity and emotional coping, patterns that overlap with other substance use disorders.

Cross-sectional (cannot determine if impulsivity causes heavy use or heavy use increases impulsivity); self-report frequency; national but convenience sample; did not assess cannabis potency or form; latent classes are statistical constructs.