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Study breakdown

Cannabis use during the pandemic was associated with higher suicidal thinking among Canadian adults

Cross SectionalModerate evidence
The takeaway

Canadian adults who increased cannabis use during the COVID-19 pandemic had nearly twice the odds of suicidal ideation, with social isolation and pre-existing depression also being strong risk factors.

Mental health clinicians, crisis intervention researchers, and public health professionals.

1.97x higher odds of suicidal ideation with increased pandemic cannabis use

What the researchers found

Those who reported increased cannabis use during the pandemic had 1.97 times higher odds of suicidal ideation. Cannabis consumers during the pandemic had 1.51 times higher odds. Pre-pandemic depression (OR 3.14) and continued negative impacts of social isolation (OR 1.53) were also significantly associated with suicidal thinking.

Why it matters

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated mental health challenges. Understanding how cannabis use during the pandemic related to suicidal ideation informs crisis-period intervention strategies.

The numbers in context

4,005 adults surveyed. Increased cannabis use: OR 1.97 for suicidal ideation. Cannabis use during pandemic: OR 1.51. Pre-pandemic depression: OR 3.14. Social isolation: OR 1.53.

How the study worked

Cross-sectional survey of 4,005 Canadian adults aged 18+ conducted April 20-28, 2021 by Mental Health Research Canada. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for demographics, mental health conditions, social isolation, and substance use.

What this study cannot tell us

Cross-sectional design at a single pandemic time point. Self-reported cannabis use and mental health. Cannot determine whether cannabis use preceded or followed suicidal thoughts.

How to read the evidence

Moderate sample size with appropriate adjustments, but single time-point cross-sectional design during an unusual period limits generalizability.

When this study was published

Published in 2022 with data from April 2021.

The bigger picture

Whether increased cannabis use during the pandemic reflected self-medication for worsening mental health or independently contributed to suicidal ideation cannot be determined from this cross-sectional study.

Questions still open

  • Did people increase cannabis use because they were experiencing suicidal thoughts, or did increased use contribute to those thoughts? How did cannabis use patterns change across different pandemic phases?

Common questions

Did cannabis use cause suicidal thoughts during the pandemic?
The study found an association but cannot determine causation. People experiencing worsening mental health during the pandemic may have increased cannabis use as self-medication, rather than cannabis causing the suicidal ideation.
What were the strongest risk factors for suicidal ideation?
Pre-pandemic depression (OR 3.14) was the strongest factor, followed by depression since COVID (OR 3.02), increased cannabis use (OR 1.97), pre-pandemic anxiety (OR 1.63), and social isolation (OR 1.53).

Read the original research

Suicidal ideation among Canadian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of psychosocial factors and substance use behaviours.

BMC psychiatry, 22(1), 711

Citation

Geda, Nigatu; Feng, Cindy; Peters, Brice. (2022). Suicidal ideation among Canadian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of psychosocial factors and substance use behaviours.. BMC psychiatry, 22(1), 711. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04353-9

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