Cannabis Depression Research

Changes in Cross-Sectional Associations Between Cannabis Use and Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidality in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadians From 2012 to 2022: Évolution des relations transversales entre la consommation de cannabis et la dépression, l'anxiété et les idées suicidaires au sein d'un échantillon représentatif de Canadiens à l'échelle nationale, de 2012 à 2022.

Halladay, Jillian · 2026

From 2012 to 2022, the prevalence ratio for weekly+ cannabis use (vs.

Adolescent cannabis use and psychological distress from 2013 to 2023: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada.

McDonald, André J · 2026

Distress rose from 10.7% to 27.4% while cannabis use declined from 23.1% to 17.6%.

The prevalence of cannabis use pre-versus post-cannabis legalization in Canada by mental health status: findings from national repeat cross-sectional surveys.

Rundle, Samantha · 2026

Past 12-month cannabis use increased from pre-legalization among those with anxiety (AOR 1.33) in the year immediately following legalization.

Growing Concerns: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of cannabis use and mental health risks in youth.

Sanz-Pérez, A · 2026

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for youth cannabis users: Depression OR 1.51 (aOR 1.28).

Adolescent Cannabis Use and Risk of Psychotic, Bipolar, Depressive, and Anxiety Disorders.

Young-Wolff, Kelly C · 2026

This large longitudinal cohort study followed adolescents aged 13–17 who were screened for past-year cannabis use during routine pediatric care at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 2016 to 2023, with follow-up through age 25. Adolescents who reported cannabis use had significantly higher rates of clinician-diagnosed psychiatric disorders compared to non-users.

Trends in the diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adolescents: analysis of German health insurance data from 2013 to 2022.

Zarour, Alexander · 2026

Cannabis-related disorder diagnoses increased from 0.08% to 0.10% (+22.4%) among German adolescents ages 12-17 from 2013 to 2022, with a COVID-19 pandemic dip.

Cannabis Use Trajectories Among People Living With HIV in the Decade Prior to Recreational Legalization in Ontario, Canada (2008-2017).

Lazor, Tanya · 2025

Four trajectories: Low/No Use (67%), Increased Use (4%), Decreased Use (2%), High Use (26%).

The role of depression in the relationship between cannabis use and suicidal behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Maffre Maviel, Gustave · 2025

Among adolescents, cannabis use was associated with suicidal ideation (OR=1.46) and suicide attempts (OR=2.17) in studies adjusting for depression.

Patterns of substance use and associations with mental health and interpersonal violence among adolescents.

Ogden, Shannon N · 2025

Five latent classes of substance use were identified: friends' use only (37%), alcohol use (21%), polysubstance use (20%), cannabis use/some polysubstance use (18%), and other substance use (5%).

The psychosis continuum: Systematic review on prodromal markers, symptom progression, and early intervention strategies.

Ricci, Valerio · 2025

This systematic review synthesized 60 studies spanning 25 years (2000–2025) to map the trajectory from early warning signs to full psychotic episodes.

High-Concentration Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Cannabis Products and Mental Health Outcomes : A Systematic Review.

Rittiphairoj, Thanitsara · 2025

In non-therapeutic studies, high-concentration THC showed unfavorable associations with psychosis/schizophrenia (70% of studies) and cannabis use disorder (75%).

Moderating Effect of Participation in Organized College Sports on Mental Health and Frequency of Cannabis Use in a National Cohort.

Zeiger, Joanna S · 2025

Higher cannabis use frequency was associated with greater likelihood of depression, anxiety, and PTSD diagnoses.

Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Distress in Young People: A Longitudinal Study.

Gripe, Isabella · 2024

Using fixed-effects models (which control for all stable individual characteristics), increasing cannabis use from none to 10+ times/year was associated in males with anxiety (RR 1.72, p=0.009), depressed mood (RR 1.49, p<0.001), and suicidal ideation (RR 3.43, p=0.012).

Associations of alcohol and cannabis use with change in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms over time in recently trauma-exposed individuals.

Hinojosa, Cecilia A · 2024

Using latent class mixture modeling, researchers identified three trajectory classes for both alcohol and cannabis use: low, high, and increasing use.

Cannabis use and mood disorders: a systematic review.

Sorkhou, Maryam · 2024

Cannabis use was associated with increased depressive and manic symptoms in the general population, elevated likelihood of developing both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and unfavorable prognosis in people already diagnosed with either condition.

Cannabis smoking increases the risk of suicide ideation and suicide attempt in young individuals of 11-21 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fresán, Ana · 2022

Across 20 studies with 34,859 youth, cannabis smokers had significantly higher risk of suicide attempt (OR 2.33), suicidal ideation (OR 2.04), and suicide planning (OR 1.67) compared to non-users.

Cannabis use among U.S. military veterans with subthreshold or threshold posttraumatic stress disorder: Psychiatric comorbidities, functioning, and strategies for coping with posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Hill, Melanie L · 2022

Veterans with PTSD who used cannabis more than weekly were significantly more likely to screen positive for depression (OR 3.4-3.8), anxiety, and suicidal ideation compared to non-users.

Comorbidity and Coaggregation of Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder in a Controlled Family Study.

Quick, Courtney R · 2022

CUD in probands was associated with increased CUD in relatives (aOR 2.64).

Associations of Suicidality Trends With Cannabis Use as a Function of Sex and Depression Status.

Han, Beth · 2021

Cannabis use disorder was associated with substantially higher suicidality regardless of depression status.

Comorbid Cannabis Use Disorder with Major Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Nationally Representative Epidemiological Surveys.

Onaemo, Vivian N · 2021

Cannabis use disorder was strongly associated with major depressive episodes (OR 3.22; 95% CI 2.31-4.49) and with generalized anxiety disorder (OR 2.99; 95% CI 2.14-4.16).

Relationship between cannabis use frequency and major depressive disorder in adolescents: Findings from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2012-2017.

Gukasyan, Natalie · 2020

Adolescents with any cannabis use history had significantly higher rates of major depressive disorder and past-year suicide attempts.

Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Black, Nicola · 2019

Pharmaceutical THC (with or without CBD) produced only a very small improvement in anxiety among patients with other medical conditions (SMD -0.25).

Increasing Depression and Substance Use Among Former Smokers in the United States, 2002-2016.

Cheslack-Postava, Keely · 2019

Among former smokers, past-year marijuana use rose from 5.35% to 10.09% (2002-2016), depression increased from 4.88% to 6.04% (2005-2016), and binge alcohol use rose from 17.22% to 22.33% (2002-2016).

Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Gobbi, Gabriella · 2019

Adolescent cannabis use was associated with depression in young adulthood (OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.16-1.62), suicidal ideation (OR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.11-2.03), and suicide attempt (OR 3.46, 95% CI: 1.53-7.84).

Major depressive disorder, suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and cannabis involvement in discordant twins: a retrospective cohort study.

Agrawal, Arpana · 2017

Among nearly 14,000 twins from the Australian Twin Registry, the identical twin who used cannabis frequently (100+ times) was significantly more likely to report major depressive disorder (odds ratio 1.98) and suicidal ideation (odds ratio 2.47) compared to their genetically identical co-twin who used less. These associations persisted even after adjusting for early alcohol and nicotine use, early mood symptoms, conduct disorder, and childhood sexual abuse.

The association between cannabis use and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Lev-Ran, Shaul · 2014

When researchers combined results from 22 longitudinal studies that adjusted for baseline depression, cannabis users had higher odds of later depression than non‑users.

Cannabis and suicide: longitudinal study.

Price, Ceri · 2009

Researchers followed 50,087 men conscripted for Swedish military service over 33 years, during which 600 suicides or deaths from undetermined causes occurred. Cannabis use measured at conscription was associated with increased suicide risk in the crude analysis (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.28-2.07). However, after adjusting for confounding factors, including markers of pre-existing psychological and behavioral problems, the association was completely eliminated (adjusted OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.65-1.20). The authors concluded that cannabis use is unlikely to have a strong direct effect on suicide risk.

A latent class analysis of illicit drug abuse/dependence: results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Agrawal, Arpana · 2007

Using latent class analysis of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (43,093 participants), researchers identified five distinct patterns of illicit drug abuse/dependence. The largest class (92.5%) had no drug abuse/dependence.

Major depressive disorder, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt in twins discordant for cannabis dependence and early-onset cannabis use.

Lynskey, Michael T · 2004

Among 277 twin pairs discordant for cannabis dependence, the cannabis-dependent twin had 2.5 to 2.9 times higher odds of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt compared to their non-dependent co-twin.

Cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood.

Fergusson, David M · 2002

Across annual assessments from ages 14 to 21, more frequent cannabis use was significantly associated with property and violent crime, depression, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and other illicit drug use.

Depressive Symptoms Predict Cannabis Initiation Among Mexican American Young Adults.

Arora, Srishty · 2026

The question of whether depression leads to cannabis use or cannabis leads to depression has been debated for decades.

Cannabis vaping and mental health: The association of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol with anxiety and depressive symptoms-Findings from the United States National Youth Tobacco Survey (2021-2023).

Chung, Jack · 2026

Adolescents who vaped THC only (aOR=1.40) or dual CBD/THC (aOR=1.51) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms.

More high, less low? PTSD and the complex daily associations between cannabis use and depression in veterans.

Davis, Jordan P · 2026

Among all veterans, bidirectional negative associations emerged: more depression predicted fewer hours high the next day, and more hours high predicted less depression the next day.

Problematic cannabis use and attachment insecurities as Joint predictors of Depression: Cross-Sectional and longitudinal models.

Gliksberg, Or · 2026

Attachment anxiety significantly moderated the cannabis-depression association at both timepoints (p=0.013 at T1, p=0.002 at T2), and a longitudinal three-way interaction (p=0.014) showed that depression increases were greatest among individuals high in both attachment anxiety and avoidance..

Association of Combined Marijuana and Opioid Use with Major Depressive Disorder Among Adults with Chronic Conditions in the United States.

Graham, Tiffany · 2026

Co-use of marijuana and opioids had the strongest association with major depressive disorder (AOR=1.92, 95% CI=1.45-2.50), followed by marijuana only (AOR=1.72) and opioid only (AOR=1.44), compared to no use of either substance — with 20.8% of co-users meeting MDD criteria..

UK Medical Cannabis Registry: A two-year case series of clinical outcomes in depression.

Lillywhite, Elizabeth · 2026

Among 698 patients treated with cannabis-based medicinal products for depression, statistically and clinically significant improvements were observed across PHQ-9 (depression), GAD-7 (anxiety), sleep quality, and EQ-5D-5L (quality of life) at all time points up to 24 months.

The intersectionality of cannabis use and depression symptoms on functional brain topology in adults.

Liu, Che · 2026

Cannabis users had shorter characteristic path length, higher global efficiency and transitivity, and increased local efficiency in salience, frontoparietal, and subcortical networks.

Understanding the interplay between alcohol use, cannabis use and mental health across the lifespan: A network analysis.

Macedo, Inês · 2026

Alcohol-cannabis co-users had higher severity on all mental health symptoms vs.

Effectiveness and clinical predictors of a virtual based combined cognitive behavioral and motivational enhancement group therapy for adults with cannabis use disorder.

Mehta, Dhvani D · 2026

Among the 79 participants who completed the program (68% retention), significant reductions were observed in cannabis use frequency, quantity, craving, depression (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAD-7).

Tailored psychotherapy and AI-enhanced contingency management for co-occurring disorders in cannabis use disorder: a systematic review.

Mishra, Sidharth · 2026

Integrated cognitive-behavioral therapies improved psychiatric symptoms and reduced cannabis use, particularly for co-occurring depression and PTSD.

Canadian real-world evidence: observational 24-week outcomes for health care practitioner authorized cannabis.

Yang, Brian · 2026

Over 24 weeks, patients showed improvements in pain interference (-4.6 points), numeric pain rating (-1.19), anxiety (-2.24), depression (-2.79), and quality of life (-0.56).

Cannabis Use During Pregnancy Correlates With Adverse Maternal Mental Health Outcomes: A Retrospective Study.

Dereschuk, Kypros J · 2025

Cannabis use during pregnancy was associated with significantly elevated risks across all four mental health outcomes: depression (RR 2.66), panic disorder (RR 5.47), suicidal ideation (RR 10.67), and alcohol abuse (RR 13.57).

Role of interplay between endocannabinoids and neuropeptides in pathogenesis and therapy of depressive and anxiety disorders.

Gołyszny, Miłosz · 2025

The hypothalamus is the primary site of proven bidirectional endocannabinoid-neuropeptide interactions.

Impulsivity traits moderate the longitudinal association between mental health and hazardous cannabis use in emerging adults.

González-Roz, Alba · 2025

In a sample of 2,762 college students tracked over one year, anxiety at the midpoint predicted hazardous cannabis use at the final assessment.

Examining bidirectional associations between cannabis use and internalizing symptoms among high-risk emerging adults: A prospective cohort study.

Halladay, Jillian · 2025

Using seven assessments over two years, significant bidirectional within-person relationships were found between cannabis consequences and internalizing symptoms, but the primary direction was from cannabis consequences to increased depressive symptoms, not from depression to increased cannabis use.

A Systematic Review: Investigating Biomarkers of Anhedonia and Amotivation in Depression and Cannabis Use.

Hinckley, Jesse D · 2025

Across 46 articles, brain regions most frequently associated with anhedonia across neuroimaging studies were the anterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex, which are the same regions implicated in cannabis-related reward processing deficits.

Beyond the hype - who uses cannabidiol for self-medication - and why: a cross-sectional study in Germany.

Krowartz, Eva-Maria · 2025

37.9% used CBD for self-medication.

Suicidal Ideation in Medicinal Cannabis Patients: A 12-Month Prospective Study.

Lynskey, M T · 2025

At treatment entry, 25% of patients reported suicidal ideation.

The Causal Effect of Social Isolation on Cannabis Use Disorder and the Mediating Role of Depression: Evidence From a Mendelian Randomization Study.

Ma, Tao · 2025

Mendelian randomization analysis showed social isolation was causally associated with a 4.29-fold increased risk of cannabis use disorder (OR=4.29, 95% CI: 1.35-13.64).

Effects of Cannabinoids on Emotional States and Alcohol Use Among Underrepresented Groups: Moderation by Perceived Discrimination.

Martin-Willett, Renée · 2025

Participants using CBD showed greater decreases in DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) scores compared to THC users over 4 weeks.

Cannabis Use and Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy Are Associated with Poorer Postpartum Mental Health.

Marvin, Matthew J · 2025

Cannabis use during pregnancy was significantly associated with elevated postpartum PTSD (beta = 0.25) and depression symptoms, independent of IPV victimization.

Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health in Patients Accessing Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.

Matheson, Justin · 2025

Cannabis use was significantly associated with trauma history and several psychiatric diagnoses including anxiety and depression, with the highest prevalence in current users.

Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) use and harms in Ireland: New findings from the 2024 European Web Survey on Drugs.

Mongan, Deirdre · 2025

Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC)—a semi-synthetic cannabinoid marketed as a legal alternative to cannabis—was openly sold in Irish shops until it was banned in July 2025.

Cyberbullying, mental health, and substance use experimentation among early adolescents: a prospective cohort study.

Nagata, Jason M · 2025

Cyberbullying victimization at ages 11-12 was prospectively associated with cannabis experimentation one year later (AOR 4.65, 95% CI 2.46-8.77), along with alcohol (AOR 1.98) and nicotine experimentation (AOR 3.37).

Gender Differences in Cannabis as a Mediator Between Distress Factors and Non-Fatal Suicidal Behaviors.

Nayeem, Nawar · 2025

Cannabis use mediated 2.3% of the effect of depression on suicidal ideation in women versus 1.2% in men, and 1.7% versus 1.0% for suicide attempts.

Prenatal Cannabis Use and Depressive Symptoms.

Pitt, Taylor L · 2025

Among 8,424 pregnant women in the nuMoM2b study, any cannabis exposure was not significantly associated with later depressive symptoms (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 0.97-1.6).

Measuring the Effects of Cannabis on Anxiety and Depression Among Cancer Patients.

Reddy, Apoorva C · 2025

This longitudinal study followed 1,962 cancer patients enrolled in the Minnesota Medical Cannabis Program, measuring self-reported anxiety and depression before and after 30 days of use.

Monthly patterns of depressive symptoms and substance use and their relation to longer-term hazardous substance use and mental health problems: Examining mutual maintenance using monthly data from young adults.

Rhew, Isaac C · 2025

Over 24 consecutive months, there was substantial variability in how individual young adults' substance use responded to depressive symptoms.

Effects of persistent cannabis use on depression, psychosis, and suicidality following cannabis-induced psychosis: A longitudinal study.

Ricci, Valerio · 2025

Among 44 patients (22 cannabis users, 22 non-users) followed for 9 months after cannabis-induced FEP, continued cannabis users had persistently higher depression scores (p=0.0000001 at 9 months), suicidality (p<0.001), and PANSS positive scores (p<0.0002) compared to those who stopped.

Associations Between Moderately Severe to Severe Depression and Marijuana Usage Among Black Male Collegians: Results from the Healthy Minds Study.

Richardson, Terrell T · 2025

Logistic regression analysis of 1,599 Black male collegians found that recent marijuana use increased the likelihood of experiencing moderately severe to severe depression by 77%.

Endocannabinoids, depression, and treatment resistance: Perspectives on effective therapeutic interventions.

Rosa, Ilenia · 2025

This review synthesizes evidence that diverse non-monoaminergic treatments for treatment-resistant depression all influence the endocannabinoid system.

The Complex Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health: Considering the Influence of Cannabis Use Patterns and Individual Factors.

Sagar, Kelly A · 2025

This review highlights that seemingly contradictory findings in cannabis-mental health research are largely explained by unmeasured variables.

Frequency of cannabis use and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a cross-sectional analysis of the Colorado cannabis users health cohort.

Steeger, Christine M · 2025

Frequent cannabis use was associated with higher anxiety likelihood (AOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12) but not depression on validated scales.

Cannabinoid profiling across toxicology samples in adolescents and young adults by route of administration and in relation to depression symptoms.

Wade, Natasha E · 2025

Plasma THCCOOH concentration uniquely predicted depression symptoms (beta = 4.43, p < 0.001), while self-reported use days, oral fluid, urine, and hair concentrations did not.

Acute and chronic effects of medicinal cannabis use on anxiety and depression in a prospective cohort of patients new to cannabis.

Wolinsky, David · 2025

Adults initiating medicinal cannabis for clinically significant anxiety and/or depression showed improvements on both ecological momentary assessment (real-time) and longitudinal follow-up evaluations over 6 months..

Association between marijuana and depression: Exploring the mediating role of environmental pollutants.

Zhou, Jing-Xuan · 2025

Current cannabis use was associated with 1.99x odds of major depression (independent of tobacco and other drugs).

Depressive symptoms predict cannabis vaping initiation among young adults.

Arora, Srishty · 2024

Twenty-five percent of participants initiated cannabis vaping during the four-year study.

Substance use patterns and mental health comorbidities in youth with a history of depression or suicidality: Findings from TX-YDSRN.

Clark, Shaunna L · 2024

Three substance use classes emerged: non-use (63.4%), moderate use of alcohol/nicotine/cannabis (23.8%), and high use of all substances (12.7%).

The Impact of Childhood Mental Health and Substance Use on Methylation Aging Into Adulthood.

Clark, Shaunna L · 2024

Weekly cannabis use was significantly associated with accelerated DNA methylation aging (b=1.665, p=.005), as were years of weekly use (b=0.718, p=.012) and depressive symptoms (b=0.314, p=.014).

Cannabis Use and Trajectories of Depression and Stress Across the Prenatal Period.

Constantino-Pettit, Anna · 2024

Depression, stress, and cannabis use all decreased from first to third trimester.

Marijuana use among community-dwelling older adults: A population-based study.

De Genna, Natacha M · 2024

Cannabis research in older adults has mostly relied on convenience samples — people recruited from dispensaries or cannabis clinics who are already enthusiastic users.

Psychosocial Effects of Frequent Cannabis Smoking in Adolescent Women of Color: Results from a Prospective Cohort of Inner-City Youth.

Duroseau, Nathalie · 2024

Using cannabis 20+ times monthly was associated with 2.71 times higher odds of school suspension, increased depressive symptoms, and increased delinquent behaviors.

Depression screening outcomes among adolescents, young adults, and adults reporting past 30-day tobacco and cannabis use.

Gaiha, Shivani Mathur · 2024

Co-use of tobacco and cannabis was associated with higher odds of depression screening positive compared to tobacco-only (aOR 1.32) and cannabis-only (aOR 1.94) use.

Use and perceptions of Cannabidiol among individuals in treatment for opioid use disorder.

Kudrich, Christopher · 2024

CBD has become wildly popular, with claims ranging from anxiety relief to pain management.

Incidence of postpartum depression in low-income cannabis users with and without a history of depression.

Lendel, Anastasia · 2024

Among 799 patients, 15.9% used cannabis during pregnancy.

Cannabis use and its association with psychopathological symptoms in a Swiss adult population: a cross-sectional analysis.

Mosandl, Christoph Felix · 2024

After adjusting for age, gender, education, alcohol, and other substance use, only depression and ADHD remained significantly associated with both frequency (p=.006, p=.034) and quantity (p=.037, p=.019).

Amygdala volume and depression symptoms in young adolescents who use cannabis.

Wallace, Alexander L · 2024

Cannabis use was not associated with amygdala volume differences but was associated with increased depressive symptoms.

Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation, cannabis, and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan: findings from a joint-effect modeling.

Adeyinka, Daniel A · 2023

Suicidal ideation prevalence was highest among dual substance users (25.8%) compared to alcohol-only (23.2%) or cannabis-only (18.7%) problematic use.

Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) guidelines: cannabis for psychological symptoms including insomnia, anxiety, and depression.

De Feo, Giulia · 2023

From 829 articles screened, 2 systematic reviews and 15 RCTs met criteria.

Predictors of Pain Reduction Among Fibromyalgia Patients Using Medical Cannabis: A Long-Term Prospective Cohort Study.

Sotoodeh, Romina · 2023

Reductions in pain intensity among fibromyalgia patients using medical cannabis were partially mediated by concurrent improvements in sleep quality and reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms..

Risk of depressive disorders associated with medical cannabis authorization: A propensity score matched cohort study.

Yana, Jerry Liwono · 2023

Medical cannabis users had significantly higher rates of ED visits and hospitalization for depressive disorders than propensity-matched controls who did not receive medical cannabis authorization..

The Association between Recent Cannabis Use and Suicidal Ideation in Adults: A Population-based Analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018.

Diep, Calvin · 2022

After adjusting for potential confounders, recent cannabis users (past 30 days) had significantly higher odds of suicidal ideation (aOR 1.54), depression (aOR 1.53), and having recently seen a mental health professional, compared to those without recent cannabis use..

Co-use of Tobacco Products and Cannabis among Veterans: A Preliminary Investigation of Prevalence and Associations with Mental Health Outcomes.

Fitzke, Reagan E · 2022

Past 30-day co-users of tobacco and cannabis endorsed significantly higher levels of stress, PTSD, depression, and anxiety compared to singular product users.

Suicidal ideation among Canadian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of psychosocial factors and substance use behaviours.

Geda, Nigatu · 2022

Those who reported increased cannabis use during the pandemic had 1.97 times higher odds of suicidal ideation.

Mood, sleep and pain comorbidity outcomes in cannabis dependent patients: Findings from a nabiximols versus placebo randomised controlled trial.

Montebello, Mark · 2022

Among participants with moderate-to-severe baseline scores, depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms gradually decreased over 12 weeks of treatment.

Gender Differences in Dual Diagnoses Associated with Cannabis Use: A Review.

Prieto-Arenas, Laura · 2022

Studies consistently show gender differences in cannabis-associated psychiatric symptoms, but the direction varies across studies and conditions.

Contingency Management for Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder in Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Rodas, Justyne D · 2022

Contingency management produced cannabis use reductions and periods of abstinence in individuals with psychotic-spectrum disorders or major depressive disorder.

Developmental Relations Between Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Ideation in Middle Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Do Internalizing Problems and Substance Use Mediate Their Links?

Zhu, Xinxin · 2022

At the within-person level, cannabis use and suicidal ideation were positively and reciprocally related over time (ages 15-20).

Association between continued cannabis use during pregnancy and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Mark, Katrina · 2021

Women who continued cannabis use had significantly higher odds of elevated GAD scores (2.55, 95% CI 1.31-4.99) and EPDS depression scores (2.75, 95% CI 1.43-5.28) compared to non-users.

Cannabis use among early adolescents and transdiagnostic mental health risk factors.

Moreno-Mansilla, Sara · 2021

Cannabis users scored significantly higher on anomalous reality perception (d = 0.60), hopelessness (d = 0.85), depression symptoms (d = 0.80), rumination (d = 0.48), and anxiety (d = 0.39).

Cannabidiol use and effectiveness: real-world evidence from a Canadian medical cannabis clinic.

Rapin, Lucile · 2021

All ESAS-r symptom scores improved significantly from baseline to 3 months (all p<0.003).

Evidence for Use of Cannabinoids in Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and PTSD: A Systematic Review.

Stanciu, Corneliu N · 2021

Of 8 identified RCTs, CBD pretreatment showed promise for social anxiety in laboratory settings, but THC showed no benefit for depression and actually worsened anxiety and psychotic symptoms in over 50% of hospitalized depression patients.

Cannabis use, depression and suicidal ideation in adolescence: direction of associations in a population based cohort.

Bolanis, Despina · 2020

Depression at age 15 predicted weekly cannabis use at age 17 (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.19-4.43), even after adjusting for other substance use.

Moderating role of cannabis use between insight and depression in early psychosis.

Elowe, Julien · 2020

A three-way interaction between cannabis use, insight, and medication adherence predicted depression levels one year post-diagnosis.

Cannabis Use and Internalizing/Externalizing Symptoms in Youth: A Canadian Population-Based Study.

Girgis, Joseph · 2020

Frequent cannabis use was associated with elevated externalizing symptoms (OR 2.17 in males, 5.13 in females) and internalizing symptoms (OR 2.07 in males, 3.40 in females).

Temporal Changes in the Cross-Sectional Associations between Cannabis Use, Suicidal Ideation, and Depression in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadian Adults in 2012 Compared to 2002.

Halladay, Jillian E · 2020

Monthly cannabis use was consistently associated with both suicidal ideation and major depressive episodes across both time points.

The therapeutic role of Cannabidiol in mental health: a systematic review.

Khan, Rabia · 2020

Across 23 included studies, CBD showed the most consistent positive signals for anxiety disorders and as an adjunct treatment for schizophrenia.

Does cannabis use modify the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on severe depression and suicidal ideation? Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional study of Canadians.

Lake, Stephanie · 2020

Among 24,089 respondents in the Canadian Community Health Survey, people with PTSD who used cannabis had lower odds of experiencing a major depressive episode and suicidal ideation compared to those with PTSD who did not use cannabis, after controlling for demographics and comorbidities..

Is there a relationship between cannabis use problems, emotion dysregulation, and mental health problems among adults with chronic pain?

Orr, Michael F · 2020

In 431 opioid-using adults with moderate to severe chronic pain (176 current cannabis users, 30% with cannabis use problems), emotion dysregulation significantly mediated the relationship between cannabis use problems and anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.

Co-occurrence across time and space of drug- and cannabinoid- exposure and adverse mental health outcomes in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health: combined geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis.

Reece, Albert Stuart · 2020

Across 410,138 NSDUH respondents (76.7% response rate), cannabis exposure was significantly associated with any mental illness, major depression, serious mental illness (SMI), and suicidal ideation in geospatial models adjusted for demographics and other substance use.

Regulation of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, neuroprotective mTOR and pro-apoptotic JNK1/2 kinases in postmortem prefrontal cortex of subjects with major depressive disorder.

Salort, Glòria · 2020

In postmortem prefrontal cortex (BA9) of 23 MDD subjects versus 19 controls, CB1 receptor density was increased by 20% (p=0.02).

Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: a clinically-focused systematic review.

Sarris, Jerome · 2020

CBD showed tentative support for reducing social anxiety.

Depressive symptoms and cannabis use in a placebo-controlled trial of N-Acetylcysteine for adult cannabis use disorder.

Tomko, Rachel L · 2020

N-acetylcysteine did not reduce depressive symptoms compared to placebo.

The Mental Health of Young Canadians Who Are Not Working or in School.

Gariépy, Geneviève · 2019

Being NEET was associated with depression (OR 1.67), generalized anxiety disorder (OR 2.65), and other drug use disorder (OR 3.22), but was not associated with cannabis use disorder (OR 0.97) or alcohol use disorder (OR 1.03)..

Sex Differences in the Association Between Cannabis Use and Suicidal Ideation and Attempts, Depression, and Psychological Distress Among Canadians.

Halladay, Jillian E · 2019

Significant sex differences were found for cannabis use and suicidal thoughts/attempts and psychological distress, but not for major depressive episodes.

Developmental pathways of adolescent cannabis use: Risk factors, outcomes and sex-specific differences.

Hawes, Samuel W · 2019

Three cannabis use trajectories were identified: low (74%), chronic (12%), and escalating (14%).

Factors Associated with Poly Drug Use in Adolescents.

Jongenelis, Michelle · 2019

20.3% had used at least one substance in the past 30 days, 6.7% used two, and 3.3% used all three.

Cannabis and mental illness: a review.

Lowe, Darby J E · 2019

The review found increasing documentation of potential harms from cannabis use in patients with psychotic and mood disorders, while data supporting beneficial effects in psychiatric populations remains limited.

Marijuana use and major depressive disorder are additively associated with reduced verbal learning and altered cortical thickness.

Radoman, Milena · 2019

MDD and marijuana use had additive effects on memory recall and cortical thickness in the middle temporal gyrus.

Medical and non-medical marijuana use in depression: Longitudinal associations with suicidal ideation, everyday functioning, and psychiatry service utilization.

Bahorik, Amber L · 2018

Researchers followed 307 psychiatry outpatients with depression over 12 months, tracking marijuana use, mental health symptoms, and treatment engagement.

Adult Cellular Neuroadaptations Induced by Adolescent THC Exposure in Female Rats Are Rescued by Enhancing Anandamide Signaling.

Cuccurazzu, Bruna · 2018

Female rats exposed to THC during adolescence developed depressive-like behaviors and measurable brain changes in adulthood.

The Psychiatric Consequences of Cannabinoids.

De Aquino, Joao P · 2018

This overview examined the psychiatric effects of both plant-based and synthetic cannabinoids across different timeframes. Acutely, cannabinoids produce multiphasic, dose-dependent effects on anxiety, mood, and perception while impairing cognition and psychomotor function.

Cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs - a cross-sectional study.

Corroon, James M · 2017

Of 2,774 cannabis users surveyed, 1,248 (46%) reported using cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs.

Cannabis and development of dual diagnoses: A literature review.

Hanna, Rebecca C · 2017

This narrative review examined the relationship between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders across multiple categories.

Reductions in cannabis use are associated with improvements in anxiety, depression, and sleep quality, but not quality of life.

Hser, Yih-Ing · 2017

This study tracked 302 adults with cannabis use disorder over 12 weeks of a medication trial, splitting them into those whose cannabis use decreased and those whose use increased. The cannabis reduction group (152 people) showed statistically significant improvements in anxiety, depression, and sleep quality compared to the cannabis increase group (150 people), even after controlling for demographics, treatment condition, and concurrent tobacco and alcohol use. However, reductions in cannabis use did not translate into improved overall quality of life.

Frequency of Cannabis Use Among Primary Care Patients in Washington State.

Lapham, Gwen T · 2017

This study analyzed cannabis use screening results from 22,095 primary care patients in Washington State, one of the first states to legalize recreational cannabis. Overall, 15.3% reported any past-year cannabis use and 3.1% reported daily use.

Nucleus accumbens functional connectivity at age 20 is associated with trajectory of adolescent cannabis use and predicts psychosocial functioning in young adulthood.

Lichenstein, Sarah D · 2017

Following 158 young men from a longitudinal study that began in infancy, researchers identified three distinct trajectories of cannabis use from ages 14 to 19: stable high use, escalating use, and stable low use. The trajectory of cannabis use significantly affected functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens (the brain's reward center) and the medial prefrontal cortex.

Relationship between marijuana and other illicit drug use and depression/suicidal thoughts among late middle-aged and older adults.

Choi, Namkee G · 2016

Researchers analyzed data from nearly 30,000 Americans aged 50 and older to examine the relationship between marijuana use and depression and suicidal thoughts in this understudied population. About 6% of adults over 50 reported past-year illicit drug use.

The impact of cannabis use on clinical outcomes in recent onset psychosis.

Barrowclough, Christine · 2015

This study followed 110 people with early psychosis who also had cannabis abuse or dependence, measuring their substance use and symptoms at four time points over 18 months.

Descriptive epidemiology of major depressive disorder in Canada in 2012.

Patten, Scott B · 2015

This national epidemiological survey assessed major depressive disorder in 25,113 Canadians using diagnostic interviews.

Treatment of cannabis dependence using escitalopram in combination with cognitive-behavior therapy: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Weinstein, A M · 2014

Cannabis-dependent users received 9 weeks of weekly CBT and motivational enhancement therapy along with either escitalopram (10 mg/day) or placebo.

Changes in cannabis use among young people: impact on mental health.

Copeland, Jan · 2013

The review examined current trends in youth cannabis use and their mental health implications.

Longitudinal associations of cannabis and illicit drug use with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among Nova Scotia high school students.

Rasic, Daniel · 2013

Nine hundred seventy-six students surveyed in grade 10 and again in grade 12 were assessed for cannabis, illicit drug use, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts.

Psychopathologic differences between cannabis-induced psychoses and recent-onset primary psychoses with abuse of cannabis.

Rubio, Gabriel · 2012

Among 181 patients with psychotic symptoms and cannabis use, 50 were diagnosed with cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD) and 104 with primary psychotic disorders.

Treatment of cannabis use among people with psychotic or depressive disorders: a systematic review.

Baker, Amanda L · 2010

From 1,713 initial articles, only 7 randomized controlled trials reported cannabis use outcomes from pharmacological or psychological interventions in mental health patients. The limited evidence suggested two key findings: 1.

Suicidal ideation among young French adults: association with occupation, family, sexual activity, personal background and drug use.

Legleye, S · 2010

Researchers surveyed 4,075 French adults aged 18-30 about suicidal ideation, substance use, and psychosocial factors. Suicidal ideation in the previous year affected 5.7% of men and 4.9% of women. Depression was the strongest predictor for both sexes (adjusted OR approximately 8).

Does cannabis use lead to depression and suicidal behaviours? A population-based longitudinal study.

Pedersen, W · 2008

This population-based longitudinal study followed 2,033 Norwegians over 13 years from early adolescence to their late twenties. Cannabis use in early adolescence showed no associations with later depression or suicidal behaviors.

Parental alcoholism predicts suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults with cannabis dependence.

Arendt, Mikkel · 2007

Researchers assessed 119 heavy cannabis users recruited from 19 substance treatment centers in Denmark.

Does occasional cannabis use impact anxiety and depression treatment outcomes?: Results from a randomized effectiveness trial.

Bricker, Jonathan B · 2007

In a randomized trial of 232 adults with anxiety and panic disorders, researchers examined whether occasional cannabis use affected treatment outcomes. Participants receiving a combined cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication intervention showed similar improvements in anxiety regardless of cannabis use frequency.

Comorbidity: cannabis and complexity.

Raphael, Beverley · 2005

This review covered multiple dimensions of cannabis health effects and comorbidity.

Shared genetic risk of major depression, alcohol dependence, and marijuana dependence: contribution of antisocial personality disorder in men.

Fu, Qiang · 2002

Among male veteran twins, the heritability estimates were 69% for antisocial personality disorder, 56% for alcohol dependence, 50% for marijuana dependence, and 40% for major depression.

Cannabis abuse as a risk factor for depressive symptoms.

Bovasso, G B · 2001

Researchers leveraged a 15-year follow-up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study to test a crucial question: does cannabis cause depression, or do depressed people self-medicate with cannabis? The answer was one-directional.

Pain, Depression, and Functional Outcomes Among Older Adults Who Use Cannabis or Opioid Analgesics for Chronic Pain Conditions.

Aebischer, Jonathan H · 2026

This longitudinal study tracked older adults enrolled in the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology with chronic pain lasting at least 12 weeks.

Combined administration of intracerebroventricular CB1 agonist ACEA and systemic TRPV1 agonist capsaicin induces synergistic antidepressant-like effects in rats.

Avalos-Moreno, Daniela A · 2026

Intracerebroventricular CB1 agonist ACEA and intraperitoneal TRPV1 agonist capsaicin each reduced immobility in the forced swim test, but combined administration produced synergistic antidepressant-like effects without locomotor or anxiety changes..

Randomised Controlled Trial Evidence on Medicinal Cannabis for Treatment of Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: A Scoping Review.

Cooling, Sophie · 2026

This scoping review mapped all available randomized controlled trial evidence on medicinal cannabis for mental health conditions classified by the DSM-5.

Cannabinoids and drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions: Deciphering the risks.

Papakyriakopoulou, Paraskevi · 2026

This review mapped the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions involving cannabinoids across the full ADME framework (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion). The metabolism interactions are the most clinically significant.

Impact of self-reported cannabis use on veterans' intensive PTSD treatment outcomes.

Schubert, Ryan A · 2026

Across two samples of veterans undergoing Cognitive Processing Therapy-based intensive treatment programs (3-week program: N=488; 2-week program: N=253), researchers examined whether cannabis use frequency before or during treatment affected PTSD and depression outcomes. Veterans in both programs reported low rates of cannabis use overall.

Cannabidiol Alleviates LPS-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors Via Improving Mitochondria Function.

Zhao, Junning · 2026

Researchers induced depression-like behaviors in mice using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial toxin that triggers neuroinflammation.

Low-dose cannabidiol treatment prevents chronic stress-induced phenotypes and is associated with multiple synaptic changes across various brain regions.

Borràs-Pernas, Sara · 2025

A very low dose of CBD (1 mg/kg) partially reversed behavioral effects of chronic stress in mice.

Characterizing proximal risk for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation with acute cannabis use and withdrawal among adolescents using ecological momentary assessment: Study protocol.

Feibus, Isabella · 2025

Heavy cannabis use and depression frequently co-occur in adolescents, with cannabis users at increased risk of major depressive episodes and suicidal ideation.

Association of Frequent Cannabis Use and Symptoms of Depression among Black College Students.

Floyd, Leah J · 2025

Among 221 African American HBCU students, 30% reported frequent cannabis use.

Monthly simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use: effects on depression, anxiety, and stress in male and female college students.

Hetelekides, Eleftherios M · 2025

Among 367 college students, monthly simultaneous cannabis and alcohol (SCA) use significantly predicted depression in both males (beta=0.322) and females (beta=0.296).

Chronic cannabidiol administration modulates depressive and cognitive alterations induced by social isolation in male mice.

Lucindo, Marcel S S · 2025

CBD mitigated anhedonia (loss of pleasure) and reduced immobility in the tail suspension test in socially isolated mice.

Cannabidiol prevents social avoidance, potentiation of cocaine reward and gene expression alterations induced by exposure to intermittent social defeat in mice.

Martínez-Caballero, Maria Ángeles · 2025

CBD (30 or 60 mg/kg) given during intermittent social defeat prevented social interaction deficits and the potentiation of cocaine conditioned place preference that normally follows stress exposure.

Exploring the impact of drug decriminalization and legalization policies on mental health outcomes: A scoping review.

Mohebbian, Mana · 2025

As drug policies liberalize worldwide, a central concern is whether this will worsen mental health outcomes.

Cannabis Use is Related to Anhedonia in Adolescents With Diverse Mood and Anxiety Symptoms.

Nguyen, Tram N B · 2025

Adolescents who used cannabis endorsed worse anticipatory anhedonia (difficulty looking forward to pleasurable experiences) compared to those who never used or tried cannabis only once.

Repeated Administration of a Full-Spectrum Cannabidiol Product, Not a Cannabidiol Isolate, Reverses the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior and Hypolocomotion in a Rat Model of Low-Grade Subchronic Inflammation.

Ribeiro de Novais Júnior, Linério · 2025

In rats with inflammation-induced depressive-like behavior (7 days of LPS), full-spectrum CBD extract at both 15 and 30 mg/kg reversed depressive behavior in the forced swim test, while CBD isolate at the same doses did not.

Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness with plasma levels of endocannabinoids and their analogues in adults with diagnosed depression: SONRIE study.

Ruiz-Muñoz, Manuel · 2025

Among 80 adults with mild-to-moderate depression, better cardiorespiratory fitness and jump performance were inversely associated with plasma levels of both main endocannabinoids: anandamide and 2-AG.

Cannabidiol Effects on Depressive-like Behavior and Neuroinflammation in Female Rats Exposed to High-Fat Diet and Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress.

Sabbag, Tal · 2025

Female rats exposed to both a high-fat diet (2 weeks) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (4 weeks) received CBD (10 mg/kg) during the final 2 weeks.

Identification and experimental validation of biomarkers associated with the endocannabinoid system in major depressive disorder.

Wang, Linlin · 2025

MRPS11 and SHMT2 were identified as significant biomarkers for major depressive disorder, both showing markedly reduced expression in patient samples compared to controls.

Endocannabinoid-mediated regulation of depression in the ovBNST.

Zhu, Riming · 2025

Chronic unpredictable mild stress reduced CB1 receptor mRNA and protein in the ovBNST, associated with depression-like behaviors.

The Impacts of Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure on Striatal Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Pathophysiology Are Prevented by the Antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine.

De Felice, Marta · 2024

Adolescent THC exposure caused lasting anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats, along with molecular and neuronal abnormalities in the nucleus accumbens.

Fetal Cannabinoid Syndrome: Behavioral and Brain Alterations of the Offspring Exposed to Dronabinol during Gestation and Lactation.

Navarro, Daniela · 2024

Offspring exposed to dronabinol (10 mg/kg twice daily) from gestational day 5 through postnatal day 21 displayed increased anxiogenic and depressive-like behaviors, cognitive impairment, disrupted reward system function, and increased alcohol consumption motivation at postnatal day 60.

The Place of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Gynecological Pain.

Sinclair, Justin · 2023

Cannabis has a long history of use for menstrual and reproductive pain, predating modern medicine by centuries.

Trends in Illicit Cannabis Potency based on the Analysis of Law Enforcement Seizures in the Southern Area of Rome.

Vernich, Francesca · 2023

The potency escalation in cannabis isn't just a North American phenomenon.

Broad-spectrum cannabis oil ameliorates reserpine-induced fibromyalgia model in mice.

Ferrarini, Eduarda Gomes · 2022

Oral broad-spectrum cannabis oil (0.1-3 mg/kg) inhibited both mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal allodynia in a single dose.

Assessing cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in individuals with cannabis use disorder utilizing actigraphy and serum biomarkers: A pilot study.

Geagea, Luna · 2022

After four CBT for insomnia sessions, mean ISI scores dropped from moderately severe to not clinically significant, sustained at 3 and 6 months.

Examining the Use of Antidepressants for Adolescents with Depression/Anxiety Who Regularly Use Cannabis: A Narrative Review.

Hen-Shoval, Danielle · 2022

Almost all randomized clinical trials of antidepressants excluded participants using cannabis or other drugs, so the expected course of therapy in cannabis users is unknown.

Neural functional connectivity changes to psychosocial stress in young adults with bipolar disorder and preliminary associations with clinical trajectories.

Kirsch, Dylan E · 2022

People with bipolar disorder showed increased right amygdala-rostral prefrontal cortex connectivity during stress compared to controls.

The Cannabis-Induced Epigenetic Regulation of Genes Associated with Major Depressive Disorder.

Mohammad, Guldar Sayed · 2022

Cross-referencing cannabis methylation studies with the largest depression GWAS revealed that multiple depression-associated genes are epigenetically regulated by cannabis exposure.

In Vitro Effects of Cannabidiol on Activated Immune-Inflammatory Pathways in Major Depressive Patients and Healthy Controls.

Rachayon, Muanpetch · 2022

CBD at 0.1 mcg/mL had no immune effects.

Survey of Patients Employing Cannabigerol-Predominant Cannabis Preparations: Perceived Medical Effects, Adverse Events, and Withdrawal Symptoms.

Russo, Ethan B · 2022

Most common conditions treated: anxiety (51.2%), chronic pain (40.9%), depression (33.1%), insomnia (30.7%).

Chronic administration of synthetic cannabidiol induces antidepressant effects involving modulation of serotonin and noradrenaline levels in the hippocampus.

Abame, Melkamu Alemu · 2021

Only the high dose (100 mg/kg) produced antidepressant effects in the forced swim test after 7 days of administration.

URB597 abrogates anxiogenic and depressive behaviors in the methamphetamine-withdrawal mice: Role of the cannabinoid receptor type 1, cannabinoid receptor type 2, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels.

Ebrahimi-Ghiri, Mohaddeseh · 2021

Methamphetamine (30 mg/kg) caused anxiety and depression behaviors 3 days after withdrawal.

Evaluating the Suitability and Potential Efficiency of Cannabis sativa Oil for Patients with Primary Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Arm Pilot Study.

Gambino, Alessio · 2021

All 17 patients showed statistically significant improvement in oral pain intensity over time (assessed by VAS, Present Pain Intensity, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and OHIP).

Cannabidiol treatment in an adolescent with multiple substance abuse, social anxiety and depression.

Laczkovics, Clarissa · 2021

After unsuccessful antidepressant treatment, the patient received escalating CBD doses (100-600mg over 8 weeks).

Differential contribution of CB1, CB2, 5-HT1A, and PPAR-γ receptors to cannabidiol effects on ischemia-induced emotional and cognitive impairments.

Mori, Marco Aurélio · 2021

CBD prevented anxiety-like behavior, memory impairments, and despair-like behaviors after cerebral ischemia.

Emotion regulation in emerging adults with major depressive disorder and frequent cannabis use.

Nichols, Emily S · 2021

MDD showed an interaction with emotion regulation in the middle temporal gyrus, while cannabis use showed an interaction in the superior temporal gyrus.

The Impact of Marijuana on Antidepressant Treatment in Adolescents: Clinical and Pharmacologic Considerations.

Vaughn, Samuel E · 2021

CBD and THC inhibit cytochrome enzymes (particularly CYP2C19) that metabolize SSRIs.

Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in anxiety, depression, and dysregulation of emotion in humans.

Chadwick, Verity L · 2020

Some evidence suggests cannabinoids, CBD, or CBD-enriched cannabis have anxiety-reducing properties.

The "Entourage Effect": Terpenes Coupled with Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders.

Ferber, Sari Goldstein · 2020

The endocannabinoid system is involved in depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorders, and the review proposes that terpenes found in cannabis (such as those also in lavender oil) may enhance cannabinoid therapeutic effects through complementary receptor mechanisms..

Influence of the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor ligands on the activity of atypical antidepressant drugs in the behavioural tests in mice.

Poleszak, Ewa · 2020

In mouse forced swim and tail suspension tests, sub-effective doses of CB receptor ligands enhanced antidepressant activity: oleamide (CB1 agonist) potentiated tianeptine; AM251 (CB1 antagonist) enhanced both tianeptine and agomelatine; AM630 (CB2 inverse agonist) augmented both drugs in the forced swim test only.

Ligands of the CB2 cannabinoid receptors augment activity of the conventional antidepressant drugs in the behavioural tests in mice.

Poleszak, Ewa · 2020

Sub-effective doses of JWH133 (CB2 agonist, 0.25 mg/kg) and AM630 (CB2 inverse agonist, 0.25 mg/kg) each significantly enhanced the antidepressant effects of imipramine (15 mg/kg), escitalopram (2 mg/kg), and reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg) in both forced swim and tail suspension tests.

CBD modulates DNA methylation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice exposed to forced swim.

Sales, Amanda J · 2020

CBD (10 mg/kg) produced antidepressant-like behavior in the forced swim test.

Antidepressant-Like Effect of Terpineol in an Inflammatory Model of Depression: Involvement of the Cannabinoid System and D2 Dopamine Receptor.

Vieira, Graziela · 2020

Terpineol at 100-200 mg/kg reduced immobility time in the tail suspension test.

Bipolar disorder and the endocannabinoid system.

Arjmand, Shokouh · 2019

The endocannabinoid system exerts neuromodulatory effects on neurotransmitter systems critical for emotion regulation.

Effects in rats of adolescent exposure to cannabis smoke or THC on emotional behavior and cognitive function in adulthood.

Bruijnzeel, Adriaan W · 2019

Despite testing both cannabis smoke and THC at multiple doses during the adolescent period (P29-49 or P35-45), adult rats showed no significant effects on anxiety (open field, elevated plus maze), depression (sucrose preference, forced swim), or cognition (novel object recognition) after abstinence until P70.

Endocannabinoid modulation of inflammatory hyperalgesia in the IFN-α mouse model of depression.

Fitzgibbon, Marie · 2019

Repeated IFN-alpha treatment increased formalin-evoked pain behavior in mice.

Cannabidiol (CBD) for Treatment of Neurofibromatosis-related Pain and Concomitant Mood Disorder: A Case Report.

Hegazy, Omar · 2019

CBD was used to manage chronic pain from neurofibromas and associated mood disorder (depression and anxiety) in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1, leveraging its reported anti-inflammatory, analgesic, mood-stabilizing, and anxiolytic properties..

Hemisphere-dependent endocannabinoid system activity in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the Flinders Sensitive Line rodent model of depression.

Kirkedal, C · 2019

2-AG was lower in the left hippocampus and left prefrontal cortex of depression-prone FSL rats compared to controls.

The Consumption of Cannabis by Fibromyalgia Patients in Israel.

Habib, George · 2018

Researchers surveyed 383 fibromyalgia patients through Israeli Facebook support groups. Of respondents, 84% reported consuming cannabis, but only 44% had a medical cannabis license.

Medical Cannabis in Parkinson Disease: Real-Life Patients' Experience.

Balash, Yacov · 2017

Forty-seven Parkinson's patients (40 men, median Hoehn & Yahr stage III) who had used medical cannabis for at least 3 months reported their symptom changes via structured telephone interviews. The largest effect sizes for improvement were: falls (r=0.89), pain relief (r=0.73), depression (r=0.64), tremor (r=0.64), muscle stiffness (r=0.62), and sleep (r=0.60).

A dual inhibitor of FAAH and TRPV1 channels shows dose-dependent effect on depression-like behaviour in rats.

Kirkedal, Christian · 2017

This study tested the theory that anandamide produces a bell-shaped dose-response curve in depression because it activates two receptors with opposite effects: CB1 (antidepressant) and TRPV1 (pro-depressant). Researchers administered N-arachidonoyl-serotonin (AA-5HT), a dual inhibitor that both prevents anandamide breakdown (by blocking FAAH) and blocks TRPV1 activation, directly into the prefrontal cortex of rats at three doses. Only the middle dose (0.250 nmol) produced significant antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test.

Emotional disorders induced by Hemopressin and RVD-hemopressin(α) administration in rats.

Leone, Sheila · 2017

This study tested two naturally occurring peptides that modulate the endocannabinoid system and found they produce opposite emotional effects in rats. Hemopressin, which blocks CB1 receptors (acting as an antagonist/inverse agonist), induced anxiogenic (anxiety-promoting) and depressive behavior when injected.

Marijuana and other cannabinoids as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A literature review

Steenkamp, Maria M. · 2017

The biological case for cannabis helping PTSD was compelling.

Involvement of opioid system in antidepressant-like effect of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist AM-251 after physical stress in mice.

Ostadhadi, Sattar · 2016

Mice subjected to foot-shock stress showed increased immobility in standard depression tests (forced swimming test and tail suspension test), modeling depressive behavior.

Psychiatric and substance-use comorbidities associated with lifetime crack cocaine use in young adults in the general population.

Narvaez, Joana C M · 2014

Among 1,560 young adults aged 18-24 in the general population, 2.5% reported lifetime crack cocaine use.

O-hydroxyacetamide carbamates as a highly potent and selective class of endocannabinoid hydrolase inhibitors.

Niphakis, Micah J · 2012

The researchers investigated O-hydroxyacetamide carbamate compounds and found they could be tuned to selectively inhibit FAAH (the enzyme that breaks down anandamide) or to simultaneously inhibit both FAAH and MAGL (which breaks down 2-AG).

Interactions between endocannabinoid and serotonergic systems in mood disorders caused by nicotine withdrawal.

Mannucci, Carmen · 2011

Researchers investigated how the endocannabinoid and serotonin systems interact during nicotine withdrawal in mice. Nicotine-dependent mice showed decreased serotonin 5-HT1A receptor levels in the diencephalon.

Cannabis and psychiatric disorders.

Loga, Slobodan · 2010

The authors identified associations between cannabis use and multiple psychiatric outcomes in young people.

A comparison of psychosocial and cognitive functioning between depressed and non-depressed patients with cannabis dependence.

Secora, Alex M · 2010

Researchers compared 54 cannabis-dependent individuals with comorbid depression to 54 with cannabis dependence alone. As expected, the depressed group showed significantly more psychosocial impairment on the Addiction Severity Index, with greater difficulties in social and daily functioning. However, contrary to the hypothesis that depression would compound cognitive deficits, the depressed group actually performed better on some computerized cognitive assessment modules.

Protracted cannabinoid administration elicits antidepressant behavioral responses in rats: role of gender and noradrenergic transmission.

Morrish, Anna C · 2009

Male rats received the CB1 receptor agonist HU-210 for 10 days and then underwent the forced swim test, a standard measure of depressive-like behavior. HU-210 reduced immobility and increased struggling, matching the effects of the antidepressant desipramine.

Suicidal ideation induced by episodic cannabis use.

Raja, Michele · 2009

This case report described a patient who experienced suicidal ideation on exactly two occasions, both immediately following acute cannabis intoxication.