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Study breakdown

Recent cannabis use linked to higher odds of suicidal thinking in U.S. adults

Cross SectionalModerate evidence
The takeaway

Adults who used cannabis in the past 30 days had 54% higher odds of suicidal ideation and 53% higher odds of depression compared to non-users in a nationally representative sample.

Clinicians, public health researchers, and policymakers interested in cannabis and mental health.

54% higher odds of suicidal ideation among recent cannabis users

What the researchers found

After adjusting for potential confounders, recent cannabis users (past 30 days) had significantly higher odds of suicidal ideation (aOR 1.54), depression (aOR 1.53), and having recently seen a mental health professional, compared to those without recent cannabis use.

Why it matters

With cannabis use prevalence rising, understanding its relationship with suicidal thinking is critical for public health screening and policy decisions.

The numbers in context

21,726 participants: 18,599 non-users, 3,127 recent users. Suicidal ideation aOR 1.54 (95% CI 1.19-2.00, p=0.001). Depression aOR 1.53 (95% CI 1.29-1.82).

How the study worked

Cross-sectional analysis of 21,726 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2018). Multiple logistic regression adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidities, with survey sample weights.

What this study cannot tell us

Cross-sectional design cannot determine causation or direction of effect. Self-reported cannabis use. Does not account for quantity, potency, or reason for use.

How to read the evidence

Large, nationally representative dataset with appropriate statistical adjustments, but cross-sectional design limits causal inference.

When this study was published

Published in 2022 using NHANES data from 2005-2018.

The bigger picture

The relationship between cannabis and suicidality is likely multifactorial. People with depression or suicidal thoughts may use cannabis as self-medication, making the direction of causation unclear.

Questions still open

  • Does cannabis use contribute to suicidal ideation, or do people with suicidal thoughts use cannabis for relief? Would results differ by frequency or type of cannabis use?

Common questions

Does this mean cannabis causes suicidal thoughts?
Not necessarily. The cross-sectional design shows an association but cannot determine direction. People experiencing suicidal ideation may also be more likely to use cannabis as a coping mechanism.
How strong was the association?
After adjusting for multiple factors, recent cannabis users had 54% higher odds of suicidal ideation (aOR 1.54, p=0.001) and 53% higher odds of depression (aOR 1.53) compared to non-users.

Read the original research

The Association between Recent Cannabis Use and Suicidal Ideation in Adults: A Population-based Analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 67(4), 259-267

Citation

Diep, Calvin; Bhat, Venkat; Wijeysundera, Duminda N; Clarke, Hance A; Ladha, Karim S. (2022). The Association between Recent Cannabis Use and Suicidal Ideation in Adults: A Population-based Analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018.. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 67(4), 259-267. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743721996112

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