Browse more cannabis research, findings, methods, and limitations.
NADA (an endocannabinoid) inhibited fat cell formation in human stem cells via CB1 receptors, while anandamide promoted it via PPARg, revealing opposing metabolic roles.
A pregnant woman with multiple admissions for severe vomiting and esophageal tears was eventually diagnosed with CHS after compulsive bathing behavior was noted.
Review proposes nabiximols (THC/CBD spray) as cannabinoid replacement therapy for cannabis dependence, analogous to methadone for opioid dependence, with controlled dosing and pharmaceutical standardization.
Case report of CHS in pregnancy mistaken for hyperemesis gravidarum, reinforcing the need for marijuana history in pregnant patients with severe, unexplained vomiting.
Review of cannabinoid potential for tremor in Parkinson's, MS, and other motor disorders found high receptor density in motor brain regions but inconclusive clinical evidence.
In nearly 5,000 young Swiss men, cannabis use and depression predicted later disengagement from work and school, but being disengaged did not predict later substance use.
Case report and literature review outlining cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: severe cyclic vomiting in chronic cannabis users, relieved by hot bathing, resolved by cessation.
Analysis of 1,074 crash-injured drivers in South Australia found alcohol was the dominant substance, and over a third of cannabis-positive drivers were also heavily intoxicated with alcohol.
Mice with a schizophrenia-linked gene mutation showed worsened emotional memory and reduced brain activity when exposed to THC during adolescence, demonstrating gene-environment interaction.
Comprehensive review of cannabis in medicine found deep historical roots in headache treatment and relevant pharmacology, but almost no controlled clinical trial evidence for migraine.
In 110 people with early psychosis and cannabis dependence, reducing cannabis was linked to lower anxiety and better functioning, but not to changes in core psychotic symptoms.
A group cessation program for 77 cannabis-tobacco co-smokers achieved 23% abstinence at 6-month follow-up, with improvements in mental health and substance use.
Brain scans of 17 daily cannabis smokers identified a neural signature that distinguished decisions to purchase cannabis from decisions to decline with 100% accuracy.
Review of endocannabinoid system involvement in Alzheimer's disease found it modulates multiple pathological pathways, suggesting potential as a multi-target therapeutic approach.
Case of a woman with CHS whose chronic vomiting caused dangerous electrolyte imbalances that had to be corrected before she could undergo jaw surgery.
Review of evidence across 13 state-approved medical marijuana conditions found insufficient evidence for most, with the strongest support for chronic pain and muscle spasticity.
29 burn patients admitted to a Colorado burn center from homemade butane hash oil extraction, with cases increasing sharply after marijuana liberalization.
Mouse study revealed CB1 receptors on glutamate neurons and astrocytes control endocannabinoid 2-AG turnover in opposite directions in the frontal cortex.
Blocking 2-AG breakdown protected myelin-producing cells and reduced demyelination in two mouse models of MS, through CB1 receptor activation and reduced inflammation.
Review of 11 studies found veterans with PTSD use cannabis for coping, with small studies suggesting sleep and nightmare improvements, but controlled trials are needed.
In 36 healthy men, THC impaired response inhibition and reduced left inferior frontal brain activation, with both effects correlating with transient psychotic symptoms.
Brain imaging showed THC and CBD had opposite effects on connectivity between prefrontal, striatal, and hippocampal regions involved in salience processing and attention.
Dronabinol reduced opioid withdrawal severity during detox but did not improve naltrexone treatment completion rates in 60 opioid-dependent participants.
2015 review: CBD was linked to lower anxiety in acute tests. Long-term treatment evidence in diagnosed patients was thin.
Among 104 cannabis-dependent veterans, PTSD predicted higher baseline use and slower initial reduction after a quit attempt, but did not affect relapse timing.
In 35 cannabis-dependent patients, psychiatric symptoms improved with effect sizes of 0.7-1.4 within 16 days of inpatient detox, though patients self-reported more distress than clinicians observed.
Among 678 young French smokers, cannabis use in the prior year and financial difficulties were the strongest barriers to sustaining tobacco cessation for 12 months.
Review showed CB1 receptors produce different effects depending on whether they are on glutamate neurons, GABA neurons, astrocytes, or mitochondria, with implications for targeted therapy.
Review of cannabinoid effects on brain immunity found anti-inflammatory properties relevant to MS, Alzheimer's, and ALS, with CB2 receptors as promising non-psychoactive targets.
Adolescent THC exposure affected heroin reward differently in addiction-prone vs. resilient rat strains, suggesting genetics determine whether cannabis acts as a gateway.
CBD treatment increased survival, prevented memory deficits, and reduced brain inflammation in mice with cerebral malaria by lowering cytokines and increasing BDNF.
Brain scans of 15 chronic cannabis users showed reduced activation in error-monitoring and memory regions during a learning task, with lower error-correction rates than controls.
PET brain imaging showed chronic cannabis users had 11.7% fewer available CB1 receptors globally, with reductions of 11-14% in temporal, cingulate, and reward regions.
The endocannabinoid-boosting drug URB597 reduced tic-like behaviors in all four mouse strains tested, suggesting a potential treatment approach for tic disorders with fewer side effects than THC.
Econometric analysis of 1907-1918 Punjab data found opium and hashish were economic substitutes: when hashish prices rose, opium consumption increased.
Review of cannabinoid regulation of brain immunity found potential therapeutic applications for MS, Alzheimer's, and ALS through modulation of microglial activation and neuroinflammation.
Chronic THC prevented weight gain and fat accumulation in obese mice and reversed obesity-related gut microbiota changes, without affecting lean mice or causing sedation.
Web-based addiction treatment improved abstinence 3.6x for stimulant users with promising trends for cannabis (2.6x) and alcohol (3.2x), but had no effect for opioid users.
Non-smokers sealed in a room with cannabis smokers for one hour tested positive for THC in blood and oral fluid for up to 3 hours and reported feeling mild subjective effects.
Under extreme sealed-room conditions, secondhand cannabis smoke caused positive urine tests at 20 ng/mL cutoffs but rarely at the standard 50 ng/mL workplace threshold.
Among 69 young cannabis users, earlier initiation was linked to worse episodic memory in females but not males, after controlling for lifetime use, suggesting sex-specific vulnerabilities.
Survey of 8,214 middle schoolers found medical marijuana ad exposure predicted higher marijuana use and intentions one year later, with the relationship running in both directions.
In 9,583 Australian twins, cannabis involvement was modestly associated with suicidal ideation and unplanned attempts, partly explained by shared genetic and environmental vulnerabilities.
Economic modeling showed a school cannabis prevention program was cost-effective generally and cost-saving (3.2:1 return) when targeted to at-risk boys over 20 years.
A 17-year-old had 5 ER visits for vomiting and weight loss before CHS was diagnosed, illustrating how underrecognized the condition is in adolescents.
After smoking identical cannabis, occasional users showed significantly more psychomotor impairment than frequent users, demonstrating tolerance to performance-impairing effects.
Review of THC/CBD spray trials for MS spasticity found ~1.27-point improvement over placebo on a 10-point scale, with carryover effects potentially underestimating true treatment benefit.
Review found cannabis disrupts male fertility through the endocannabinoid system, affecting testosterone, sperm production, motility, and fertilization capacity.
US fatal crash data (1991-2008) showed combined alcohol and THC increased unsafe driving odds beyond either substance alone, with prevalence rising five-fold over the period.
Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan described cannabis as more effective and less problematic than alcohol or prescriptions for PTSD, with coping patterns ranging from approach to avoidance.