Browse more cannabis research, findings, methods, and limitations.
Heavy cannabis users showed altered connectivity in self-awareness brain networks, linked to less anxiety but worse memory, that partially persisted after one month of abstinence.
Adding hempseed press-cake to gluten-free crackers increased fiber by up to 249% and provided 14.1g protein and 3.2g omega-3 per 100g in the optimized formulation.
Among 972 young adults using both cigarettes and marijuana, use patterns were correlated but quit motivation diverged: more desire to quit cigarettes but less confidence in success.
Review of data from 1,000+ MS patients found Sativex did not cause cognitive decline at 12 months, did not impair driving, and maintained effectiveness at lower real-world doses.
Hawaii population survey found women with severe pregnancy nausea were 63% more likely to report marijuana use during pregnancy, though the direction of this relationship is unclear.
Mouse study identified 2-AG as the primary endocannabinoid regulating stress hormone recovery, with sex differences in timing and compensatory mechanisms when CB1 signaling is absent.
Review presents evidence that CBD could serve as an antipsychotic agent through non-dopamine mechanisms, potentially augmenting standard medications and addressing metabolic and inflammatory components of schizophrenia.
Broad review of cannabinoid medicine covered therapeutic potential in MS spasticity, pain, nausea, epilepsy, psychosis, and addiction, contrasting THC and CBD pharmacology.
Review of 165 studies found drug addiction involves both disrupted endocannabinoid signaling and neuroinflammation, suggesting cannabinoids could address addiction through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Colorado saw a significant increase in marijuana-positive drivers in fatal crashes after commercial medical marijuana expanded in 2009, while 34 comparison states showed no similar change.
Study of 11,667 middle schoolers found perceived peer norms predicted substance use in younger teens, while direct exposure to substance-using peers became more influential with age.
Comparison of endocannabinoid enzyme inhibitors in rats found the dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor JZL195 had enhanced effects over the MAGL-only inhibitor JZL184, with notable species differences from mice.
RCT of 246 neuropathic pain patients found THC/CBD spray achieved significant 30% pain response rates (p=0.034) and improved sleep quality versus placebo.
Cannabis use reduced inflammatory markers CCL2 and IL-17 similarly in MS patients and healthy controls, while anandamide was elevated in MS patients regardless of cannabis use.
Ten-year review of the clinical endocannabinoid deficiency hypothesis argues growing evidence supports low endocannabinoid tone as a factor in migraine, fibromyalgia, and IBS.
Prospective study of 2,042 Chilean adolescents found cannabis misuse independently predicted new self-harm onset over 6 months, alongside depression, suicidal thoughts, and poor problem-solving.
THC disrupted learning-related hippocampal plasticity and neurogenesis markers in adolescent rats, but only during active training, with no effects in untrained animals.
Among 502 first-episode psychosis patients, cannabis users who reduced or stopped use after treatment contact showed the greatest symptom improvement at one year.
Survey of 313 IBD patients found 83.9% reported cannabis improved pain, but Crohn's patients who used cannabis >6 months had 5x higher odds of requiring surgery.
Systematic review mapped cannabinoid metabolism by liver enzymes (THC via CYP2C9/3A4, CBD via CYP2C19/3A4) and found generally low drug interaction risk at typical doses.
Systematic review of 122 studies found exogenous cannabinoids suppress immune function and shift Th1/Th2 balance, potentially creating latent vulnerability to psychosis, especially during adolescence.
Study of 3,146 college students found 30% had used marijuana before college and 8.5% started during freshman year, with campus residence as a key risk factor for initiation.
Review of 7 randomized trials found Project TND consistently reduced hard drug use in all trials, with less consistent effects on alcohol (4/7) and marijuana (2-3/7).
Comprehensive drug review confirmed Sativex significantly reduces MS spasticity in patients who respond to an initial 4-week trial, with early dizziness and fatigue as main side effects.
Review of CBD for epilepsy found strong preclinical support for endocannabinoid system involvement in seizure control and growing anecdotal evidence for CBD, but called for rigorous clinical trials.
Unexposed offspring of THC-exposed rats showed compulsive heroin-seeking behavior and altered striatal brain circuitry, suggesting transgenerational epigenetic effects of parental cannabis exposure.
Review found synthetic cannabinoids are full CB1 agonists with higher potency than THC (a partial agonist), explaining their increased potential for adverse reactions and toxicity.
Mice with a genetic variant in neural cell adhesion showed delayed but lasting cognitive damage from juvenile THC exposure, while normal mice did not, supporting a gene-environment interaction.
Analysis of 72,053 high school seniors found simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana was associated with the highest rates of unsafe driving, exceeding concurrent or single-substance use.
Review for cardiologists documents temporal associations between marijuana use and heart attacks, sudden cardiac death, stroke, and arterial disease, urging awareness as legalization expands.
First human study of THCV found it increased brain responses to both food reward and aversion, suggesting potential for obesity treatment without the depressive effects of rimonabant.
Case of a 38-year-old man who developed cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome from K2 synthetic cannabis, diagnosed after extensive negative workup, with symptoms relieved only by hot showers.
Review of endocannabinoid-based pain therapy highlights FAAH and MAGL inhibitors as promising approaches that boost natural pain-modulating molecules locally, potentially avoiding psychoactive effects.
Study of 463 adolescents found COMT gene methylation was linked to smoking, and a specific genotype-methylation interaction influenced high-frequency cannabis use.
Large case-control study found cannabis-positive cord tests were associated with 2.3x higher odds of stillbirth, with smoking showing an independent dose-response relationship.
Survey of 514 CVS patients found 81% used marijuana, reporting symptom improvement. Hot showers were used by 67%, more commonly among marijuana users but not exclusively.
Adolescent monkeys given THC for 6 months showed persistent impairment in spatial working memory (still maturing) but not object working memory (already mature).
RCT of 7,079 students across 7 European countries found "Unplugged" reduced cannabis use, smoking, and drunkenness, with cannabis and alcohol effects persisting at 15 months.
Population survey of 4,014 Ontario adults found those screening positive for ADHD reported more substance use but no more collisions or driving after drinking or cannabis use.
RCT of 1,734 Australian students found a computer-based prevention program increased drug knowledge, decreased pro-drug attitudes, and reduced cannabis use frequency in females.
Case report of CHS presenting as cyclical vomiting relieved by hot baths in a chronic cannabis user, emphasizing the need for emergency department recognition.
Double-blind trial of 52 cannabis-dependent users found escitalopram (SSRI) added to CBT did not improve abstinence rates (19% overall), anxiety, or depression compared to placebo.
Cannabis cues flashed for 33ms (below conscious awareness) activated reward brain circuits in dependent users, with activation correlating with craving and years of use.
Drug discrimination study found that mimicking THC's subjective effects in rats required simultaneously boosting both anandamide and 2-AG through dual enzyme inhibition.
CB1 neutral antagonists reduced the aversive emotional effects of morphine withdrawal in rats, but FAAH inhibitors (which boost anandamide) did not.
AAN guidelines gave Level A (highest) recommendation for oral cannabis extract for MS spasticity symptoms and pain, while noting ineffectiveness for objective spasticity measures.
Official AAN guideline recommends oral cannabis extract for MS spasticity symptoms and pain (Level A), with Sativex for symptoms/pain/urinary frequency (Level B).
CB2 receptor agonist reduced pain behaviors and protected pancreatic tissue from damage in a rat model of chronic pancreatitis without affecting brain function.
ACOG formally recommended that pregnant women stop marijuana use due to neurodevelopmental concerns, and that obstetricians not prescribe marijuana during pregnancy or lactation.
Review of cannabis in cancer care covers established uses (chemotherapy nausea, wasting) and emerging potential for cancer pain (possibly synergistic with opioids) and preclinical antitumor effects.