Living closer to cannabis outlets linked to more missed methadone doses

Opioid treatment patients who lived closer to cannabis retail outlets missed more methadone doses during the first six months of treatment, while living closer to the treatment center reduced missed doses.

Amiri, Solmaz et al.·The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse·2020·Moderate EvidenceRetrospective Cohort
RTHC-02383Retrospective CohortModerate Evidence2020RETHINKTHC RESEARCH DATABASErethinkthc.com/research

Quick Facts

Study Type
Retrospective Cohort
Evidence
Moderate Evidence
Sample
Not reported

What This Study Found

Shorter distance from home to the opioid treatment program decreased missed methadone doses during the first 90 days. Shorter distance to the nearest cannabis retail outlet increased missed doses during the first and second 90 days. Shorter distance to the closest off-premise alcohol outlet increased missed doses during the third 90 days. The proximity effects shifted over time as patients progressed through treatment.

Key Numbers

752 clients at 3 months, 689 at 6 months, 584 at 9 months. 50% female. Cannabis outlet proximity increased missed doses in months 1-6. Alcohol outlet proximity increased missed doses in months 7-9.

How They Did This

Retrospective analysis of 752, 689, and 584 clients retained in treatment for at least 3, 6, and 9 months respectively (50% female). Distance between home, OTP, and alcohol/cannabis outlets was measured. Generalized linear models were used.

Why This Research Matters

The location of cannabis retail outlets relative to addiction treatment centers may affect treatment outcomes, a finding relevant to zoning and licensing decisions for cannabis retailers.

The Bigger Picture

As cannabis legalization expands, the spatial relationship between cannabis retail and addiction treatment infrastructure may need consideration in land use planning.

What This Study Doesn't Tell Us

Single treatment program. Observational design cannot prove causation. Proximity does not necessarily mean exposure or use. Other neighborhood factors may confound the relationship.

Questions This Raises

  • ?Does cannabis retail proximity affect treatment outcomes for other substance use disorders?
  • ?Would buffer zones around treatment centers improve outcomes?

Trust & Context

Key Stat:
Cannabis outlet proximity increased missed methadone doses
Evidence Grade:
Cohort study with spatial analysis, but observational design and single-site data.
Study Age:
2020 study.
Original Title:
Spatial access to opioid treatment program and alcohol and cannabis outlets: analysis of missed doses of methadone during the first, second, and third 90 days of treatment.
Published In:
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 46(1), 78-87 (2020)
Database ID:
RTHC-02383

Evidence Hierarchy

Meta-Analysis / Systematic Review
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cohort / Case-ControlFollows or compares groups over time
This study
Cross-Sectional / Observational
Case Report / Animal Study

Looks back at existing records to find patterns.

What do these levels mean? →

Frequently Asked Questions

Do cannabis stores affect addiction treatment?

This study found that opioid treatment patients living closer to cannabis retail outlets missed more methadone doses during the first six months of treatment, suggesting proximity to cannabis may affect treatment adherence.

Does location of treatment centers matter?

Yes, patients living closer to their opioid treatment program missed fewer doses, especially during the first 90 days when daily attendance is required.

Read More on RethinkTHC

Cite This Study

RTHC-02383·https://rethinkthc.com/research/RTHC-02383

APA

Amiri, Solmaz; Lutz, Robert B; McDonell, Michael G; Roll, John M; Amram, Ofer. (2020). Spatial access to opioid treatment program and alcohol and cannabis outlets: analysis of missed doses of methadone during the first, second, and third 90 days of treatment.. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 46(1), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2019.1620261

MLA

Amiri, Solmaz, et al. "Spatial access to opioid treatment program and alcohol and cannabis outlets: analysis of missed doses of methadone during the first, second, and third 90 days of treatment.." The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2019.1620261

RethinkTHC

RethinkTHC Research Database. "Spatial access to opioid treatment program and alcohol and c..." RTHC-02383. Retrieved from https://rethinkthc.com/research/amiri-2020-spatial-access-to-opioid

Access the Original Study

Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkTHC research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.