Browse more cannabis research, findings, methods, and limitations.
Systematic review found inconclusive evidence for cannabis effects on brain structure in schizophrenia, with no convincing pre-onset structural changes.
Joint mobilization reduced post-surgical pain through CB1 and CB2 receptors, and FAAH/MAGL inhibitors significantly extended the pain-relieving effect in mice.
Cannabis was a standard migraine treatment before prohibition. Patients continue to use it for headaches, but no controlled studies exist due to Schedule 1 classification.
FAAH inhibition enhanced nicotine reward in mice but blocked it in rats, with species differences possibly due to non-cannabinoid substrates like OEA and PEA.
Two controlled trials found THC significantly reduced tics in Tourette syndrome without major side effects, and experts recommend it for treatment-resistant adults.
Chronic cannabis smokers had 50% more visceral belly fat, lower HDL, and fat cell insulin resistance, but normal blood sugar, liver fat, and pancreatic function.
Two cases of synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal showed anxiety and tachycardia more severe than cannabis withdrawal, with natural THC failing to improve symptoms.
In treatment-resistant Crohn's disease, cannabis produced clinical response in 90% vs 40% placebo (p=0.028), with 3 patients weaned off steroids.
CB2 knockout mice showed no nicotine reward, reduced self-administration, and no withdrawal, with CB2 receptors colocalizing with nicotinic receptors in reward circuits.
Systematic review of 9 trials found mostly inconclusive evidence for ER-based brief interventions reducing youth substance use, with some promising MI findings.
Survey of 124 Sativex patients found majority reported improved daily function, reduced use of other anti-spasticity medications, and fewer healthcare visits.
Twin study found a common genetic factor drove vulnerability to alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis dependence, with genetic influence increasing from 43% to 63% through adolescence.
Multilevel analysis of 1,601 Croatian students found medium school and area SES associated with higher cannabis use, while low SES was protective.
Qualitative study of 100 Norwegian cannabis users found blurred medical-recreational boundaries and strategies using medical language to gain social acceptance.
Methadone prolonged QTc intervals modestly, but benzodiazepine co-use significantly increased this prolongation, while cannabis did not add additional risk.
NHANES analysis of 4,657 adults found current marijuana users had 16% lower fasting insulin, 17% lower insulin resistance, and smaller waist circumferences.
Review found THC is generally performance-impairing despite WADA prohibition, with impaired reaction time, coordination, and strength, contrasting with caffeine's clear ergogenic effects.
In 1,803 children followed 15 years, oppositional behavior was the strongest predictor of cannabis and cocaine dependence, while the ADHD link was largely explained by opposition.
Parent survey found 84% of children with treatment-resistant epilepsy had reduced seizures with CBD-enriched cannabis, after trying an average of 12 medications.
Sativex spray reduced MS spasticity by 30%+ in three-quarters of initial responders, with continued benefit over a year and no dose escalation needed.
Three FAAH inhibitors reduced MS-model spasticity in mice without psychoactive side effects, definitively confirmed using genetic knockout mice.
53% of young adult tobacco users also used marijuana, and co-users had 25% lower odds of planning to permanently quit tobacco.
Cannabis use was linked to reduced cingulate cortex volume in both at-risk and first-episode psychosis patients, in a brain region rich in cannabinoid receptors.
Two-year study of 976 high school students found heavy cannabis use alone predicted depression but not suicidality, while other illicit drug use predicted all three.
12.3% of IBD patients used marijuana, driven by chronic pain (OR=4.7), with most rating it "very helpful" for pain, nausea, and diarrhea.
RCT found hemp seed + evening primrose oils improved MS disability, relapse rates, and inflammatory markers (IL-17, IFN-gamma, IL-4) over 6 months.
Study protocol for examining cannabis withdrawal in Indigenous Australian prisoners using a pictorial withdrawal scale and cortisol biomarkers.
NAC helped adolescents achieve more marijuana abstinence without reducing craving more than placebo, suggesting it works through non-craving mechanisms.
Comprehensive review identified CBD-enriched cannabis among 21 plant medicines with clinical anxiety evidence, alongside kava, chamomile, passionflower, and others.
Review found extensive cannabinoid-opioid interactions in the brain's stress circuits, suggesting endocannabinoid targeting could help manage opiate dependence and withdrawal.
Cannabis use during methadone stabilization did not harm treatment outcomes and pilot data suggested it may have reduced opiate withdrawal symptoms.
Chronic cannabinoid treatment reversed MDMA-induced memory deficits in rats but did not fix impaired effort-based decision making, showing circuit-specific interactions.
Sativex for MS spasticity over 334 days average showed no tolerance, no psychosis, no withdrawal symptoms, and maintained spasticity benefit.
Among 670 injection drug users in Tijuana, marijuana smokers were 38% more likely to have attempted quitting tobacco, a counterintuitive finding.
CB2 knockout effects on MS-model disease completely depended on mouse strain: augmented disease in one background, no effect in another, cautioning against over-interpreting animal cannabinoid studies.
First Greek national survey found 14% had mental disorders, 2% monthly cannabis use, 40% smoking, with disorders frequently undertreated and comorbid.
Chronic marijuana users showed impaired spatial memory retrieval and reduced parahippocampal brain activation during a virtual maze task.
Occasional stimulant users with high cannabis co-use showed the most brain inefficiency during reward-based decision-making, suggesting additive substance effects.
A Phase I trial found that THC/CBD oral spray produced peak blood levels well below those from smoking, with no buildup after nine days of repeated dosing.
A review described cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, a condition in long-term cannabis users featuring severe cyclical vomiting and compulsive hot bathing that is often underdiagnosed.
Analysis of 232 cannabis samples seized in Australia found high average THC (14.88%) and nearly absent CBD (0.14%), confirming global trends toward high-potency, low-CBD cannabis.
In young adults, a childhood ADHD diagnosis was linked to executive function deficits, but regular adult cannabis use added no measurable cognitive impairment beyond ADHD alone.
Researchers created novel adamantyl cannabinoid compounds that serve as precise CB1 receptor probes, with in vivo effects matching their binding profiles in rat models.
A researcher hypothesized that beta-lactam antibiotics might reduce cannabis dependence by boosting brain glutamate transporters, based on parallels with opioid pharmacology.
In a study of 10,324 teens, cannabis use was linked to mental health problems, but the association was largely explained by co-occurring risk factors like truancy, alcohol, and adverse life events.
A 30-year longitudinal study found that intensive cannabis use was associated with increased suicidal ideation in males, with no evidence that suicidal thoughts drove cannabis use.
Both healthy cannabis users and people at ultra-high risk for psychosis showed reduced P300 brain wave amplitudes, suggesting overlapping effects on information processing.
In heavy cannabis users, both THC and cocaine increased impulse control errors, suggesting acute intoxication with either drug may reduce the ability to resist impulsive decisions.
Oral THC (dronabinol) up to 120 mg/day dose-dependently reduced cannabis withdrawal symptoms in daily users with no significant cognitive impairment.
Twin study found cannabis withdrawal was about 50% heritable, with 99% overlap between genes influencing withdrawal and those influencing abuse/dependence.