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Children exposed to cannabis before birth showed higher psychosis proneness in the ABCD study

Longitudinal CohortStrong evidence
The takeaway

Using data from the landmark ABCD study, prenatal cannabis exposure was associated with increased psychosis proneness in children, with maternal use after knowledge of pregnancy showing a stronger association.

People interested in cannabis and pregnancy, child brain development, and psychosis risk factors.

Prenatal cannabis exposure linked to higher psychosis proneness in ABCD study children

What the researchers found

Maternal cannabis use during pregnancy, particularly after the mother knew she was pregnant, was associated with higher psychosis proneness scores in their children, based on data from the large-scale Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.

Why it matters

The ABCD study is the largest long-term study of brain development in the US, making these findings particularly important. An association between prenatal cannabis exposure and psychosis proneness could have significant public health implications as cannabis use during pregnancy increases.

The numbers in context

Data drawn from the ABCD study cohort. Association found between prenatal cannabis exposure and psychosis proneness. Stronger signal when maternal use continued after knowledge of pregnancy.

How the study worked

Cohort analysis using data from the ongoing ABCD study, a landmark US longitudinal study tracking brain development in thousands of children. Compared psychosis proneness scores between children exposed and unexposed to prenatal cannabis.

What this study cannot tell us

Published as a brief research letter with limited methodological detail. Prenatal cannabis exposure was maternally reported, which may be subject to recall and social desirability bias. Association does not prove causation. Confounding factors like other substance use and socioeconomic factors may contribute.

How to read the evidence

Strong: based on the ABCD study, the largest US longitudinal brain development study, published in JAMA Psychiatry.

When this study was published

Published in 2019.

The bigger picture

Cannabis use during pregnancy has been increasing alongside legalization. If prenatal exposure influences psychosis vulnerability, this represents a preventable risk factor. The ABCD study's long-term follow-up will eventually reveal whether childhood psychosis proneness translates to adult psychotic disorders.

Questions still open

  • Does prenatal cannabis exposure directly increase psychosis risk, or is it a marker for other environmental factors? Will the ABCD study follow-up data show these children developing clinical psychotic disorders? What biological mechanism might link prenatal cannabinoid exposure to psychosis vulnerability?

Common questions

Can cannabis use during pregnancy affect the child's mental health?
This study found an association between prenatal cannabis exposure and higher psychosis proneness in children. The link was stronger when mothers continued cannabis use after learning they were pregnant.
What is the ABCD study?
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study is the largest long-term study of brain development in the United States, following thousands of children from age 9-10 into adulthood with brain imaging and behavioral assessments.

Read the original research

Association of Prenatal Cannabis Exposure With Psychosis Proneness Among Children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

JAMA psychiatry, 76(7), 762-764

Citation

Fine, Jeremy D; Moreau, Allison L; Karcher, Nicole R; Agrawal, Arpana; Rogers, Cynthia E; Barch, Deanna M; Bogdan, Ryan. (2019). Association of Prenatal Cannabis Exposure With Psychosis Proneness Among Children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.. JAMA psychiatry, 76(7), 762-764. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0076

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