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Cannabis use trends among young people in Germany before partial legalization

Cross SectionalModerate evidence
The takeaway

Cannabis use remained stable among German adolescents but increased significantly among young adults aged 18-25 in the years before Germany's 2024 partial legalization.

Public health researchers, policy makers studying legalization impacts, and anyone following European cannabis policy developments.

Young women's use rose from 8.3% to 19.4% over 15 years

What the researchers found

Among young women aged 18-25, past-year cannabis use more than doubled from 8.3% in 2008 to 19.4% in 2023. Among young men in the same age group, it rose from 14.8% to 26.9%.

Why it matters

Germany partially legalized cannabis in April 2024. These baseline data from before legalization are essential for measuring what changes, if any, legalization produces.

The numbers in context

Young women 18-25: 8.3% (2008) to 19.4% (2023). Young men 18-25: 14.8% (2008) to 26.9% (2023). Adolescent rates remained relatively stable before legalization.

How the study worked

Analysis of representative survey data from Germany's Federal Institute of Public Health, tracking 12-month cannabis prevalence from 2008 to 2023 among 12-17 and 18-25 year olds.

What this study cannot tell us

Self-reported survey data may underestimate actual use. Data ends before legalization took effect, so no post-legalization comparisons are available yet.

How to read the evidence

Representative national survey data over 15 years provides strong trend evidence, though self-report and pre-legalization timing are limitations.

When this study was published

Published in 2025, data through 2023.

The bigger picture

Germany is the largest European country to partially legalize cannabis. How its youth usage trends compare to post-legalization data from Canada and US states will be closely watched.

Questions still open

  • Will partial legalization accelerate the upward trend among young adults? Why did adolescent rates stay stable while young adult rates climbed?

Common questions

Did cannabis use increase among German teenagers before legalization?
No. Past-year cannabis use remained relatively stable among 12-17 year olds between 2008 and 2023, before Germany's April 2024 partial legalization.
Which group saw the biggest increase in cannabis use?
Young women aged 18-25 saw the largest relative increase, with past-year use more than doubling from 8.3% in 2008 to 19.4% in 2023.

Read the original research

Cannabis use among adolescents and young adults in Germany: Study results and prevention measures offered by the Federal Institute of Public Health.

Journal of health monitoring, 10(3), e13458

Citation

Eckhardt, Stephanie; Nitzsche, Anika; Orth, Boris. (2025). Cannabis use among adolescents and young adults in Germany: Study results and prevention measures offered by the Federal Institute of Public Health.. Journal of health monitoring, 10(3), e13458. https://doi.org/10.25646/13458

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