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Systematic Review Finds Cannabis Exposure in Youth Linked to Mood Changes Through Permanent Cognitive Alterations

Systematic ReviewModerate evidence
The takeaway

A systematic review of 19 studies found that cannabis exposure in children and adolescents was associated with effects ranging from transient mood changes to permanent cognitive and sensory processing alterations that persisted into adulthood.

Pediatricians, adolescent medicine specialists, cannabis policy makers, parents

Effects range from transient mood changes to permanent cognitive alterations

What the researchers found

Across 19 included studies, cannabis exposure in youth was linked to a spectrum of CNS effects: transient mood alterations, lasting changes in cognitive function, and permanent sensory processing changes. Most studies were animal-based. The few human studies had limitations including small samples and study design constraints.

Why it matters

As cannabis legalization increases youth accessibility, understanding the neurocognitive impact during the critical brain development window of adolescence is essential for policy and clinical guidance.

The numbers in context

19 studies included; effects ranged from transient mood changes to permanent cognitive alterations; most studies were animal-based; few human studies had significant limitations.

How the study worked

Systematic review following 2020 PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, PMC, Medline, Cochrane, Internet Archive Scholar, and Embase-Elsevier. 19 research articles identified.

What this study cannot tell us

Most included studies were animal-based. Human studies had small samples and design limitations. Cannot standardize across different cannabis products and exposure patterns.

How to read the evidence

Systematic review with appropriate methodology, but limited by predominantly animal data and few human studies with small samples.

When this study was published

2024 publication

The bigger picture

The adolescent brain undergoes critical white matter development and gray matter pruning. This review consolidates evidence that cannabis exposure during this window can have lasting consequences, though the human evidence base remains thin.

Questions still open

  • At what age threshold does cannabis exposure become less neurodevelopmentally risky?
  • Which specific cognitive domains are most vulnerable to adolescent cannabis exposure?

Common questions

Does cannabis affect the developing brain?
This systematic review found evidence across 19 studies that cannabis exposure during childhood and adolescence can produce effects ranging from temporary mood changes to permanent alterations in cognitive function and sensory processing. Most evidence comes from animal studies.
Are the cognitive effects of cannabis in youth permanent?
Some appear to be. This review found evidence of both transient and permanent CNS changes from youth cannabis exposure, though the authors note that most studies are in animals and the few human studies have significant limitations.

Read the original research

Neurocognitive Impact of Exposure to Cannabis Concentrates and Cannabinoids Including Vaping in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Cureus, 16(1), e52362

Citation

Saavedra, Michell S; Thota, Priyanka; Peresuodei, Tariladei S; Gill, Abhishek; Orji, Chijioke; Reghefaoui, Maiss; Khan, Safeera. (2024). Neurocognitive Impact of Exposure to Cannabis Concentrates and Cannabinoids Including Vaping in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.. Cureus, 16(1), e52362. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.52362

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