Cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy may weaken the developing immune system through epigenetic changes

Cannabinoids mediate robust immunomodulation by altering cytokine levels, causing apoptosis of lymphoid cells, and inducing suppressor cells. Maternal exposure during pregnancy could lead to dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems in the developing fetus, with emerging evidence for epigenetic mechanisms causing long-lasting impact.

Review of research on cannabinoid effects on the immune system, focusing on CB1 and CB2 receptor-mediated immunomodulation and its implications for fetal and offspring immune development following in utero exposure.

Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing, yet the immunological consequences for the developing fetus are poorly understood. This review highlights that cannabinoids don't just cross the placenta but may fundamentally alter how the fetal immune system develops.

While much pregnancy-cannabis research focuses on neurological development, the immune system may be equally vulnerable. If in utero cannabinoid exposure weakens immune defenses through epigenetic changes, the consequences might not appear until years later when the child faces infections or cancer risk.

Much of the evidence comes from animal models and in vitro studies. Human data on fetal immune effects of cannabinoid exposure are limited. The specific doses and timing that pose risk during pregnancy are not established.