A pilot study of postpartum cannabis users found frequent use, THC in breastmilk, and mostly negative experiences when discussing cannabis with healthcare providers.
New parents, breastfeeding mothers, healthcare providers, and anyone interested in cannabis use during the postpartum period.
What the researchers found
Postpartum mothers reported using cannabis an average of 24 out of 30 days, primarily by smoking. THC metabolites were confirmed in both urine and breastmilk. Qualitative interviews revealed predominantly negative healthcare provider interactions regarding cannabis use.
Why it matters
With cannabis legalization expanding, more postpartum mothers may use cannabis. This study highlights a communication gap between mothers and healthcare providers that could affect both maternal and infant health outcomes.
The numbers in context
196 screened, 21 eligible (11%), 12 completed clinic visits. Average cannabis use: 24 of 30 days. THC metabolites confirmed in urine and breastmilk. 4 qualitative themes identified from 9 interviews.
How the study worked
Mixed-methods feasibility study recruiting 12 new mothers (0-12 months postpartum) who use cannabis via Facebook ads. Included surveys, urine and breastmilk toxicology, and semi-structured interviews with 9 participants.
What this study cannot tell us
Very small sample (12 participants) from one geographic area. Self-selection bias — only mothers willing to disclose cannabis use participated. Cross-sectional design can't assess health outcomes for infants.
How to read the evidence
Very small feasibility pilot (n=12) from one region — provides initial data but cannot be generalized.
When this study was published
Published in 2026, addressing a growing public health question as cannabis access expands.
The bigger picture
The study reveals a catch-22: mothers use cannabis frequently but feel judged by providers, leading to less disclosure. Meanwhile, THC is passing into breastmilk. Better provider communication and evidence-based guidelines are needed to support informed decision-making.
Questions still open
- What are the actual health effects of THC in breastmilk on infant development? How can healthcare providers have more productive conversations about cannabis with new mothers?
Common questions
Does THC pass into breastmilk?
Why do new mothers use cannabis?
Read the original research
Cannabis use among new mothers. A feasibility mixed-method study to investigate motives and perceptions.
Addictive behaviors, 173, 108554
Citation
Chuisano, Samantha A; Miriani, Paul; Alshaarawy, Omayma. (2026). Cannabis use among new mothers. A feasibility mixed-method study to investigate motives and perceptions.. Addictive behaviors, 173, 108554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108554
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